3. 1 b

„

re DO rr

Fad * a * , A "IR a g ? . * n \ 5 a 4 o 7 Den e * — * 2 0

B . ans - e "YE N ' 1 . "ET Re rrEg Ib of P os CS * A e k „ * 7 * * * £ 4 0 : y 4 | wal > > 9 4 » o Ys : 4 as 7 — 4 « * 0 * . * ” : ; ” d EE ET . # ” . a 4 f , ., j F : 0 2 * . *

o F

Voyages and Travels,

SF O ME

a * 221

Now firſt Printed from Original Manuſcripts,

OTHERS

Now Firſt Publiſhed in Ex IS .

*

O

With a General PRE FACE, giving an Account of the

A 5 9 * " . * = *]

2 FP

, A.

Fc N

Progreſs of Naviearion, from its firſt Beginning.

Illuſtrated with a great Number of uſeful Maps and Cuts, Curiouſly Engraven. NT

5 | Vo: VT

” . - . - . ** . - . _ -* "3 * * 5 ; . : 08 I 8 . TY 2 : 7 * * | " a —— Cm — — — —_— ” . 9 c * * 4 : y

LONDON: Printed by Aſfſignment from Meſſ® CRU RC HIII,

For Jo HN WAIT HO, over- againſt the Royal- Exchange, in Cornhill; T HO. Wor r ON,

at the 9ucen*s-Head and Three Daggers over-againſt St. Dunſtan's Church, in Fleet-Rtreet ;

SAMUEL Birr, in Ave-Mary-Lane, Ludgate-ſtreet ; DANIEL Browns, at the Black-.

Swan, without Temple-Bar; Thomas OSBO RN, in Gray's- Inn; Johx SyuckBugcn,

at the Sun, next the Inner-Temple-Gate, in Fleeiſtreet; and HENRY LINTOT, at the

Croſs-Keys, againſt St. Dunſtan's Church, in Fleet-ftreet, M. DCC. XX XII,

—— N — I 4

© ar TEE Pier —

—

_— U—— ——

5 * * i Fl * * ro :

g

— ee

N

ode a, = 8

—— ”

neat ay GIAN YYGCESERO Eee TOW RS. xi 4 » rer R „ * | $9 * 9

— —

9 Ie;

D ESCR I P T 10 N

O F THE

©0 A 8 Tv

North and South- Guinea; ;

AND OF

Ethiopia Inferior, vuloarly Angola:

BEING

”. New and Accurate Ac cou Nr of the Weſtern

Maritime Countries of AFR ICA. In Six BOOKS.

CONTAINING |

A Geographical, Political, and Natural HIsTORVY of the Kingdoms,

Provinces, Common-Wealths, Territories, and Iſlands belonging to it. Their Product, Inhabitants, Manners, Languages, Trade, Wars, Policy and Religion. | 3 ; |

With a full Account of all the E VRO EAN Settlements; their Riſe,

(

Progreſs, and Preſent Condition ; their Commerce, and Meaſures for i improving the ſeveral Branches of the Guinea and Angola Trade.

Allo of Trade-Winds, Breezes, Tornadoes, Harmatans, Tides and Currents, G c.

And a New Relation of the Province of Guiana, and of the great Rivers of

Amazons and Oronoque in Sour -A ME RICA.

With an APPEND IX; being a General *

of the Firſt Diſcoveries of 3 in the fourteenth Century, and ſome Obſervations thereon. And a Geographical, Political, and Natural . of the . in the North-Sea of AME RICA.

1 n 5 J

_ —

3

Uluſtrated with a great Number of uſeſul Maps and Cuts, engraven on Copper; ; very exactly drawn upon the Place.

By FOHN BARBOT. Acrxr-GENERal of the Royal Company of Africa, and Iſlands of

America, at Paris.

— > 4 PRPS ——

—_— — 4 * 1 —_—y

—

o 1 — — * mY

Now Iz Printed from 2 Original Manuſeript.

8 x nas ꝗ6—— — — — On

M. DCC. XXII,

YH h

MVS EVM |

BRITAN vicvn ; # *

43

THE

Introductory Diſcourſe.

T is certain, that to judge well of parts, the whole ought firſt to be conſider'd. 1 5 According to this maxim, and in order to give a juſt Idea of the parts

of Africa J am to deſcribe in this volume, I will preſent the reader with a general view

of that quarter of the univerſe, that he may

the better judge of their relation to each o- . Wer; . |

For this purpoſe, I ſhall conſider the

whole terreſtrial globe, as divided into three

principal parts, viz. the old, the new, and the unknown world. The firſt, which 1s

ſphere in reſpect to us, and comprehends | The ſecond,

Europe, Aſia, and Africa. which is America, is in the inferior hemi-

ſphere. And the third, which comprehends the Ardtick and the Antarctick world, is in both the one and the other hemiſphere.

Beſides theſe main parts of the terreſtrial globe, there are ſeveral lands, which are

commonly aſſign'd to the neareſt continent.

After the flood, the earth was divided into three parts, according to the number of the

„L. I. e. 6. Children of Noah; Aſia, according to Zoſe-

phus, fell to the ſhare of Sem 3 Africa to that of Cham; and Europe to that of Faphet.

To confine ourſelves to Africa only, it may be conſider'd as the largeſt peninſula in the world, and as the ſecond part of our conti-

nent in largeneſs. The Ocean, the Mediter-

ranean, and the Red. Sea encompaſs it almoſt all round; for it holds to the continent of Aſia only by the Ithmus of Sutz, which

lies betwixt the two latter of thoſe ſeas, be-

ing not above eighty Enxgliſb miles broad. The ſituation of Africa, is betwixt 2 and

85 degrees of longitude from the meridian

of Ferro; and between 34 of north, and 35 degrees of ſouth latitude : ſo that the E- ualor cuts it into two almoſt equal Sections. ts length and breadth are generally deter- mined by the four capes, or promontories it has towards the four regions of the uni-

verſe; cape Bona on the north, the cape of

Good-Hope on the ſouth, cape Guardafuy on

the eaſt, and cape Verde on the well.

The two laſt capes determine its length of

about 1550, and the two former its breadth Vol. V.

of near 1400 leagues. Thus it is ſmaller

than Aſia, which lies eaſt of it; and much larger than Europe, which is on the north; and much more thinly peopled than either of them. „

As it lies in the Torrid Zone, the heat is ex- ceſſi ve, which is the reaſon it has ſo few inhabi-

tants, and ſo many monſters and fierce animals.

Authors differ very much about the

etymology of its name: the Greeks call'd it Lybia, Olympia, Coriphea, Heſperia, Ogy-

gia, Ammonites, Ethiopia, Cyrene, Cepbe- nia, Eria, and Ophiuſa : but theſe were ra-

| ther names of parts than of the whole. The our continent, lies in the ſuperior hemi-

Latins call it only Lybia and Africa, The

Moors, Alkebulan; the Indians, Bezecath ; and the Arabs, Ifiriquia; from which, ſtran-

gers changing the J into A, call it Africa, as do the Latins, Italians, Spaniards, French, Dutch, and others. Foſephus ſays, it receiv'd the name from Ophres grandſon of Abraham,

who is named in Geneſis, Hepher; and Clodo- + menes, cited by || Joſepbus, calls him Faphram, IL. 1. c. 6.

and that he fought jointly with hi two Bro- thers, ſons of Abrabam by Ketura, i. e. A. Phram and Sur, in Lybia, againſt Antaus, un- der the conduct of Hercules. Some alſo de- rive the name of Africa from the Hebrew word Aphar, i. e. Duſt ; but Bochartus in his

Canaan takes the trueſt etymology from the

Punick word Pherik, an ear of corn, becauſe of the great plenty of corn produced in E- gypt, Barbary, and many other countries of Africa. Ear. 5 5 Africa is of a pyramidal or triangular form, the baſis whereof extends along the

Ch. 27.

Mediterranean, from the mouths of the Nile,

to the ſtreights of Gibraltar: the other two ſides are water*d on the eaſt by the Red and Indian ſeas, and on the weſt by the Atlantick ocean. nar

When the ſons of Noah divided the world among themſelves, the lot of Cham, as Fo- ſephus relates, contain'd all the countries

from the mountains Amanus and Libanys to

the weſtern ocean, and his children gave them their own names ; ſome of which are

now entirely loſt, and others ſo much cor-

rupted, that they are ſcarce to be known.

Only the Ethiopians, deſcended from Chus,

Cham's eldeſt ſon, have retain'd their name, B not

: 8 * ? Y {% ' > *

7 8 4

us procced to the deſcription.

F * rr \ * 4 5 , % , "1 - 5 a” 1 2 "

pe Introductory Diſcourſe.

not only among themſelves, but in ſeveral parts of Aſia, where they are ſtill call'd Chuſeans. Egypt, call'd Meſre from another ſon of Cham, who bore that name, is {till known by-it. Beſides theſe, ſcarce any will

be found that have names of ſuch antiquity,

nor does it belong to this work to enquire ſo —_ into the original of thoſe countries. Let it ſuffice that the poſterity of Cham firſt

96. Africa, of which we are, now to al |

The Egyptian kings were the firſt we have

any account of in that part of the world,

and of them the ſcripture makes mention; and Joſephus, Herodotus, Diodorus Siculus, and others have writ much. The next great ſtate we find there, was the commonwealth of Carthage, which was very potent; and the kings of Numidia were alſo conſiderable in thoſe days; but both the aforeſaid king-

doms and the commonwealth were ſubdu d by the Romans, and continu'd ſubje to the emperors till the fifth century, when Genſe- ricus, king of the Vandals, paſs'd over out

of Spain into Africa, and there laid the

foundation of the kingdom of the Vandals; which continu'd till the year 534, when the

renown'd general Beliſarius recover'd that country from Gilimer the fixth and laſt king

of thoſe people. Fg |

In the year 647, the Arabs, call'd Aga-

renians and Saracens, being Mahometans, _ enter*d Africa, from Arabia Felix, in the

reign of the emperor Honorius, and fill'd it with their race and ſect. The Turks have

ſince made themſelves abſolute maſters of Egypt, and a great part of Barbary is tribu-

tary to them. The kings of Spain and Por-

_ tugal have poſſeſs'd themſelves of ſeveral

towns along the coaſt, ſome of which they- ſtill hold. But this relates only to the nor-

thern part of Africa, lying along the Medi-

terrancan; the ſouthern parts were but lit- tle, or not at all known to the ancients. Let

Two thirds of Africa lying under che tor-

rid zone, the heats are there very violent,

and they are increas'd by the nature of the country; for moſt of the middle parts being ſandy, the reflection of the ſun makes them

the more inſupportable. All thoſe vaſt ſan-

dy regions are little inhabited, as ſcarce pro-

ducing any thing for the ſupport of life, nor affording water. Beſides, where the ſand

affords any ching for living creatures to ſub- ſiſt on, it ſwarms with multitudes of rave- nous wild beaſts, as lions, leopards, tygers, panthers, ounces, wild cats, and prodigious venomous ſerpents, and the waters are full of crocodiles. There are alſo camels, dro- medaries, buffaloes, horſes, aſſes, and ma- ny other ſorts of creatures.

In the more fertile parts, the cattle are large and fat; in the barren, poor and ſmall,

28

There is great variety of excellent fruit and plants, ſome very wholeſome, and others of a poiſonous nature; of which latter ſort

the Adad is ſingular, for one dram of it is

immediate death. In ſeveral parts chere are mines of gold, ſilver, copper, tin, iron, cryſtal, ſalt, and quarries of marble and other ſorts of ſtone. Of all the regions of Africa, Barbary is the beſt and moſt conve- nient to live in, tho? Egypt and Ethiopia arc more renowned. Barbary is not only the beſt, but the moſt populous part of Africa; as moſt properly ſituated for trade, and abounding in corn. It 1s that. part, which lies all along the Mediterranean from the Ocean to Egypt, and contains the ancient Mauritania, Africa properly ſo called, and part of Lybia. At preſent there are in it the kingdoms of Fez and Morocco, on the weſt; and to the eaſtward of them, Tremeſſen,

Tunis, Agier, T 4 x and Barca.

The moft conſiderable rivers in Africa are, the Nile, the Niger, and the Zaire; of which

two laſt, I ſhall have occaſion to ſpeak in the deſcription of Nigritia, or the Lower- Ethiopia.

I will not enter upon the ſeveral diviſions of Africa, in the time of rhe Romans, and of Ptolemy, who liv'd at Alexandria in Egypt, in the ſecond e 3 for then very little of the interior part of it was known, as appears by the many. fabulous accounts of it ſet forth by authors of thoſe times, fo full of abſurdities, that they are not worth taking, notice of. Ptolemy goes no farther than 24 degrees of ſouth latitude along the coaſt, where he places his Praſſum Promontorium, now calPd cape Corrientes, in the province of Chicanga, ſouth of Sofala ; but ſays no- thing of it farther ſouthward, either on the

eaſt or weſt ſides, being fully perſuaded that —

the inhabitants beyond that were utterly ſa- vage and inhuman, and therefore call'd

them Anthropopbagi Etbiopes, that is, man-

eating Ethiopians. About the year 1486, Bartholomew Diaz, a Portugueſe, failed round the cape of Good-Hope, and by that means made us fully acquainted with the utmoft extent of Africa. 33 Several geographers much more modern than Ptolemy knew little more of that part of the world; and John Leo Africanus, who lived in the year 1526, notwithſtanding the great care he pretends to have taken, did not ſucceed in his diviſion ; for he makes but four parts, which are Barbary, Numi- dig or Biledulgerid, Lybia, and Nigritia, by the Arabs call'd Beled Ala Abid., _ One of the beſt modern general diviſions of Africa, is that which makes four parts of

it, viz. the countries of the Mpites, wherein

are comprehended Egypt, Barbary, Numi-

dia or Biledulgerid, and Zahara, or the De-

ſerts. Secondly, the country of the Blacks,

or

The Introductory Diſcourſe.

or Nigritia, in which are Guinea, Nubia, and

part of the Niem Ethiopia, Thirdly, Ethios pia properly ſo call'd, which may be ſubdi-

vided into the Upper and the Lower; which laſt contains Congo, Monomotapa, Cafreria, and Zanquebar. The fourth part conſiſts of the iſlands ly ing about Africa, in the Red Sea, the Ocean, and the Mediterranean,

Thus much may ſuffice concerning Africa in general, it being foreign from the ſubject in hand to treat any more fully of it, there being many accounts in ſeveral languages extant, which the curious reader may con- ſult. I proceed to that which makes more to my purpoſe. ;

It will not be improper, before enter up- on the deſcription of that part of Africa com- monly call'd Guinea, to give ſome account of the etymology of that name, and of the ſituation, extent and limits of the country, for the better information of ſuch as are un- acquainted therewith; having obſerv'd, that very few writers have taken upon them to ſtate thoſe things right, and that not one

traveller I have met with has been careful in theſe particulars. And it is a great misfor- tune that among ſuch a multitude of men as have been employ'd in voyages to Guinea, and reſiding there, ſince navigation has been brought to the preſent ere ſo few have been curious to m

and obſervations of what might be found en- tertaining and uſeful, _ ” 2

This defect is ſo univerſal, that I have known many, and among them ſome who have had good education, yet after ſeveral voyages made to Guinea, or reſiding there many years, could ſcarce give any tolerable account of thoſe parts, but only in general,

and after a very confus'd manner; nor were

they provided with any printed accounts of thoſe countries, to compare their own parti- cular obſervations with them. This omiſſion, I am of opinion, proceeds from the opinion generally conceiy*d, that Guinea and America are already ſo well known, that 1t 1s not worth their trouble to make any farther obſervations, than what have been already publiſh'd in ſeveral lan- guages; never conſidering, that countries of ſuch a vaſt extent daily new diſcoveries, and that it is impoſſi ble for thoſe who have writ already, tho' ever ſo capable and indefatigable, to have ſeen and found out all things. 1 This being granted, any man may juſtly conclude there is ſtill room enough for his remarks, among ſo great a diverſity of people and nations as are contain'd in ſuch a vaſt tract of land. Beſides, there is ſcarce any other voyage that will afford a man more leiſure to obſerve and write, whether he goes only on a trading voyage, or reſides there; becauſe there is not always a brisk

proper remarks

afford matter of

trade, ſo that every man may have ſpare hours to make his remarks, and write them down as they occur; all which may be after- wards tranſcrib'd during the paſſage from one continent to the other, for that com- monly laſts two months, and ſometimes longer; and two or three hours every day may be better employ*d that way, than in drinking, gaming, or other idle diverſions too frequently uſed,

It is not always incapacity that obſtructs the making of ſuch obſervations, but rather a ſlothful diſpoſition ; for there are men

enough of ſo much ſenſe and judgment, as

to be able to give a rational account of what they ſee and hear, and to diſtmguiſh between what is, and what is not worth their noting down, eſpecially when they have had any liberal education. Perhaps there are not many ſuch, that will expoſe themſelves to the dangers and fatigues of ſuch voyages: but if they could conceive how great a ſatiſ- faction it is to ſee remote and ſtrange coun- tries, and to obſerve the various effects of nature in them, their number would cer- tainly be much greater, and they would chearfully expoſe themſelves for the pleaſure of contemplating the glorious effects of pro- vidence, and the reputation of tranſmitting .

ſuch works to poſterity. For my own part,

I muſt own I have often lamented my misfor - tune, of not having been brought up to learning, which diſables me from delivering what I have obſerv'd in Guinea and America, in ſo good a method, and with ſuch elegancy of ſtyle, as might be expected; eſpecially writing in a language which is not natural to me. The only ſatisfaction I have, is, that my pencil has made ſome amends for the defects of my pen and want of literature, which encourag'd me to preſent my readers

with ſo many cuts as are contained in this book, all the draughts being taken by me upon the ſpot. Another inducement was, that I obſerv'd the beſt accounts we have of

Guinea, are all deficient in this particular of

good cuts; for without reflecting upon any perſon whatſoever, I muſt affirm that what

has hitherto been made publick of this ſort, is nothing exact, or to be de

pended on : and for thoſe I here preſent the world, I can fafely proteſt, they are exact and lively repre- ſentations of the things themſelves, as near as my skill could reach. WS "AE PAD To come now to the ſubject in hand, viz. the etymology of the name of Guinea, being a ane of the country of the Blacks lying along the ſea-coaſt: It is un- queſtionably deriv'd from that of Geneva,

another province of Nigritia, or the countr of the Blacks, lying betwixt that of Gualata, which is on the north of it, and the river Senega on the ſouth; along the north ſide of which river, this province of Geneboa extends

The Introductory Diſcourſe.

extends above eighty leagues up the country eaſtward. 5 The natives of this country call it Geunii, or Genii, ancient geographers Mandori, and the African merchants and Arabs, Gheneva and Geneboa; from which, the firſt Portu- gucſe diſcoverers corruptly came to name it Guinea, or, as they pronounce it, Guznt which appellation they gave to all the coun- tries they ſucceſſively diſcovered from the river Senega to that of Camarones, which laſt is in the gulph of Guinea: and many have ſince extended this name of Guinea to the country ſtill ſouthward, as far as cape Lope Gonzalez ; and others beyond Renguela,

which is to the ſouthward of Angola, as far

as cape Negro, in 16 degrees of ſouth lati- 8 5

Little or nothing of theſe countries having been known in former ages, modern geogra-

phers have been obliged, in this and my other particulars, to take up blindly wit whatſoever accounts travellers could give of thoſe parts; and accordingly, after the ex-

ample of the Portugueſe, applied the name

of Guinea to all the aboye-mentioned coun- tries. Antient geography could not afford them much light in this particular; yet _ Ptolemy, in the ſecond century, ſays con- cerning the name of Guinea, that it is a word of the country, and ſignifies hot and dry, to denote the temperature of the climate, as

being in the torrid Zone. The ſame author places in thoſe countries the people Rerorci,

Leve Aithiopes, Aphbricerones, Derbici, and others ſucceſſively: and in one of his eight books of geography, where he treats of Ni- gritia and Guinea, he places the Sophucet Aithiopes betwixt Sierra Leona and Rio Grande; the Angangine Atbiopes from Sierra Leona to cape Palmas, and the Perorſi far- ther inland than the others. Both Nigritia and Guinea are there indifferently laid down under the denomination of NVigritarum Regio. Hence may be deduced, that the name of Guinea has been impoſed on thoſe countries only by Europeans; for the inhabitants of all that tract of land from the river Senega down to cape Lope, and even as far as cape Negro, are perfect ſtrangers to it, none of them | knowing what is meant by the name of Gui- nea, except ſome few at the Gold Coaſt, who have been taught it by the Europeans reſi- ding among them. — This being ſuppoſed, it is alſo very pro- bable that theſe vaſt countries were after- wards, for the ſake of method, ſubdivided into diſtinct parts, by geographers, as they gain'd farther knowledge of them in proceſs of time; for the natives know nothing of geography, nor ſo much as writing, as ſhall be hereafter obſerv'd in its proper place. The beſt diviſion of it, made by our mo-

dern geographers, is, into three parts, viz.

Nigritia, Guinea properly ſo call'd, and the Lower Ethiopia ; but ſea-faring men, who are not commonly confin*d to methods, give

arbitrary names to theſe ſeveral countries.

The Portugueſe,who ſeem with moſt right to claim the Fri diſcovery thereof, divide it only into two parts, the Upper and theLower Guinea; the upper, that which is on this fide the equator, and the other that beyond it, as far as cape Negro abovemention'd. The Engliſb and Dutch differ very much in their deſcriptions of Guinea, tho' they agree in the name. The former commonly

make North Guinea to begin at the river

Gambia, and extend it no farther ſouthward than to cape Palmas, in four degrees of north latitude: and from the faid cape to that of

cape Gonzalez, in one degree of ſouth lati-

tude, they reckon all the intermediate ſpace

South Guinea. Rt 1 The Duich, by North Guinea, generally mean all the country from cape Branco, near Arguim, to the river of Sierra Leona; and from that river to cape Lope they reckon South Guinea, dividing it into ſeveral ſections or parts, as the Greyn Kuſt, the Tand Kuſt,

the Quaqua Kuſt, the Goude Kuſt, the Slave Kluft, the Benin Kuſt, and the Bigfara Kuſt,

being the ſame names us'd by the Engliſb,

at the end of which laſt is cape Lope. Theſe again are ſubdivided into ſmaller parts,

which I ſhall mention in the deſcription. The French alſo greatly differ from one another in this reſpect ; and moſt of them do

not reckon the countries lying from the Se-

nega to Sierra Leona River, nay, even to Cabomonte beyond it, ſoutherly, as a por- tion of what they call Guinea; but diſtin- guiſh each country in particular by the name

of the inhabitants thereof on the ſea-ſide, or

by that of the places they trade at, as Se- nega, Caboverde, Goeree, Rio Freſco, Porto

d Ali, Gambia Biſſegos, and Sierra Leona;

but reckon the beginning of Guinea propria from Cabomonte, and ſo down to Camarones

river aforeſaid, and ſome of them as far as cape Lope. |

Antient and modern geographers are alſo at variance among themſelves on this head for which reaſon it is difficult to determine who is in the right. It is needleſs to perplex the reader with their ſeveral opinions as to the ſituation, limits and extent of this part of Africa; it ſhall ſuffice to ſay, that among the French authors, Robbe and Martineau du Plzſſis, the moſt modern geographers of that nation, have of late publiſh'd each a large volume of geography, eſteemed by the French the beſt and moſt accurate of all others; wherein they pretend to have cor- rected Sanſon, Duval, Baudrand and others. | Theſe two ſeem to me to have the beſt method of diviſion, of which I ſhall ſpeak

anon; for as to authors of very antient date, | as

1

L. v. c. I.

\

| L. 5. c. 5.

| The Introductory Diſcourſe.

as Marmol and others, who have writ con- cerning Guinea propria, there is nd relying on what they have ſaid as to this point; nor ought we to be ſurpriz'd at the many thi- ſtakes and wrong notions we find in their ac- counts, if we do but conſider how little knowledge the world had of that country in their time. Marmol, who otherwiſe is very commendable for his account of Morocco, Tremeſſen, Tarudant, Fez, and Tunis, as having been there a captive for the Tpace of ſeven years or more, and underſtanding the Arabic and African language, as he declares in his preface; ſo that Mr. d' Ablantourt

Judg'd it worth his pains to tranſlate him in-

to French out of Spaniſh; in what concerns Guinea, is very defective, himſelf owning he he was never in Guinea, but only travelled the Deſarts of Lybia from Barbary, to a place call'd Aceguia Elbamara, on the confines of Genehoa, which he calls Guinea, with Cheriff

Mahomet, when he ſubdued the weſtern pro- 5 1 Ne or Negroland, lies between 8 and

vinces of Africa. This author, I ſay, places the coaſt of Maleguete eaſt of the Gold Coaſt, tho? it is above a hundred leagues to the weſtward of it. And what is yet more in

Marmol, it appears that he has almoſt every

where copy*'d John Leo Africanus, a native of Granada, who after it was taken by king Ferdinand of Spain, in 1491, retired into Afri- ca,where he compos'd his deſcription of thoſe countries in Arabic, and out of it Marmol! did compile the. beft part of his own deſcription of Africa, without naming him any where.

| To return to the moſt natural diviſion of the country of the Blacks in Africa; the modern authors aboye-named, make three ſections thereof, viz. Nigritia, Guinea, and Ethiopia; and this laſt they ſubdivide into

the Upper and the Lower or Weſtern Ethiopia

or Abyſſinia, and ſay, after other geographers of more antient date than themſelves, that theſe countries were commonly call'd Nigri- tia from their antient inhabitants, the Ni- gritæ; which name the antients took from their black colour, or from the ſoil, which in ſome parts is burnt by the exceſſive heats of the ſun, and which they thought did ſo blacken them. | * Pliny alledges hereupon, Suetonius Pau- inus, Whom I knew, ſays he, in his con- ſulſhip, and who was the firſt of the Romans that march*d ſome miles beyond Mount. At- las, of whoſe height he gives much the ſame account as others have done, that in abour ten days march he got thither, and further up the country to a river call'd Niger, thro? deſarts of black duſt, and places uninhabi- table, by reaſon of the exceſſive heat ; the rocks ſeeming to be almoſt burnt up, tho? this expedition was in the winter, : The ſame author ſays, the deſarts of

Phazania, now call'd the kingdom of Pha- Vo 1. V. |

It is bounded on the north and eaſt by

run, were ſubdiied z where we took the two

cities of Phazani, call'd Alele and Cil-

laba: all was conquer d by the victorious

arms of che 1 for which Corn. Balbus

triumph d. Both cities lay in near 28 de-

grees of north latitude, and 33 of eaſt lon-

gitude; from the firſt metidian according to Ptolemy, betwixt the country of the Ga-

ramantes on the north, and the deſart of Lybia interior on the ſouth, almoſt ſouth of

unis, formerly Carthage, according to Mr.

de Þ It's new map of Africa.

The royal ſocieties of London and Paris have admitted of the Portugueſe divifion of

Guinea itito Upper and Lower, reckoning the

former to extend from cape Ledo or Tagrin, to cape Lope; atid the latter from cape Lope to about Cabo Negro: |

Io fay ſomething in particular of theſe teſpective parts of Africa, Nigritia, Guinea; and Ethiopia.

23 degrees of north latitude, and from 3 to 44 degrees of longitude, from the meri- dian of Ferro: thus it extends eight hundred French leagues in length, from eaſt to weſt, and near three hundred in breath. OT”

Zabara; on the ſouth by Guinea propria

and Biafara; this being part of the Lower

or Weſtern Ethiopia ; and on the weſt by the

Atlantick or Weſtern Ocean. _ That country is commonly ſubdivided in-

to two parts ;-the one which lies north of

the Niger and Gambia Rivers; the other

ſouth of them: thoſe two parts containing

eighteen kingdoms, beſides ſome other ter-

ritories about them. | 9

The Northern Nigritia, according to the beſt accounts printed at London and Paris, contains ten kingdoms, and ſome other ſtates, viz. Gualata and Genehoa on the

Ocean, eaſtward; Tombut, Agadez, Cano, Caſſena or Chana, Zegzeg, Zanfara or Pha-

ran,. Bornou, and Gaoga or Kaugha, and the

country of Zaghara ; and betwixt the Senega

and Gambia rivers are the kingdoms of the

ſame names, and da} Gelofes, with the

Sereres and Barbecins. \_—

All theſe countries in general are popu- lous, and very woody; and the ſoil, tho? ſandy, would produce great ſtore of Indian wheat and millet, if the inhabitants took better care to cultivate it. The air is very hot, but ſo wholeſome, that it recovers fick people. The ſoil produces rice, flax and cotton; and there are mines of gold and fil- ver, as alſo ambergris, honey, and fruit-

trees, eſpecially palm-trees, which afford

them wine. The natives, in ſome parts,

value Copper above Gold; but want the skill Africa which are beyond the leſſer Syrtis

of ſpinning their flax, The earth is more.

fertile than in other regions of Africa, not 1 8 C

only

The Introductory Diſcourſe.

only becauſe it is leſs ſandy but chiefly be- 3 of the overflowing of the Niger, for

of 7 to the latter end of Jul following, as 1 mall obſerve in a particular chapter in

"the following deſcription. This river, like | TPHIS country is the ſouthern part of

the Vile, leaves after its overflowing a cer- tain ſlime which fattens the earth, eſpecially in paſture-ground. . Ic traverſes Nigritia, from eaſt ro weſt, for above eight hundred leagues; but towards the weſt it divides into five or ſix branches, each of which has a different name, viz. Senega, Gambia, Rio

. b

ſome add Rio de San Juan; of this more in the deſcription. 8

The Southern Nigritia contains eight king- doms, beſides ſeveral other territories. The

kingdoms, to reckon them from eaſt to weſt,

are, Medra, N and Duma, ſouth of the latter, being the Deſarts of Seu: then

Temian, Bito, Guber, Gago, and the coun-

try of Meczara, with the great kingdom of Mandinga or Songo, and the countries of the

Malincopes, Sarcolles, Fargots, Galam, and

Cantorfy or Cantozy. The other nations are the Caſangas, and the Biſegos, the former in- habiting between the rivers Gambia and

St. Domingo, the others betwixt the latter and

the Niger ; as do alſo the Souſos and Biafares.

Moſt of the ſaid ee

into many ſmaller, ſo little known to us, that it is not worth while to ſearch after their names, which are ſo ſtrange, that they are not to be underſtoooee. Theſe kingdoms of North and South Gui- nea have each of them their reſpective capital towns, of the ſame name with the country wherein they are ſituated : but the metro-

lis of Tombut, is the moſt renowned of them all; it is very large, and mighty po- pulous. Next to this, thoſe of Mandinga and Cano are reckon'd conſiderable. e city of Mandinga lies on the ſouthern ſide of the Niger. 5 The Natives of Nigritia are leſs ſavage than the people of Barbary and Biledulgerid : They are very ignorant, groſs, and lazy * admire a man that knows ſomething, an

cheriſh ſtrangers. Moſt -of them deal

in ſlaves, which they take of their neigh- bours ; and ſome fel their wives and chil- dren to the Europeans, as I ſhall hereafter obſerve in the following memoirs of Guinea.

All the kings of Nigritia are abſolute in

their dominions, and yet moſt. of them are - tributaries to him of Tombut, as the moſt puiſſant; and next to him in power, are thoſe of Mandinga and of Cano, before · men- tioned. They are all either looſe Mahome- ani, or e mein eie the fes. | . Thoſe of the Deſarts live without any re- ligion; and what fow Chriſtians are among

*

them, are very imperfectly initiated in gaſpel- 5 che © | precepts. e . | |

forty days together, yearly, from the middle 129 0 5 . Of. Guinea-ProPria, or Sourn-

de St. Domingo, Rio Grande, Rio Rha, and

JK MNegroland, and formerly depended on

it. It is not half fo broad, but far more po-

pulous, as lying more to the ſea. Its boun- dary on the north is Nigritia; on the eaſt Biafara, or the Weſtern Ethiopia, which Di Pleffis calls North Congo; but I fear he mi- ſtakes: on the ſouth, the Ezhiopick Ocean

and on the weſt, being there of a circular

form, it is waſh'd by both the Erhiopick and the Atlantick Ocean; this latter ending about

| cape Tagrin, at Sierra Leona, where it takes the name of Ethiopick. The Atlantict Ocean

derives its name from Mount Atlas in Bile- dulgerid, which reaches almoſt to it, and bears that name as far as the cape Finiterre in Galicia, among ſome geographers; but I believe it ought not to be extended farther to the northward than cape S. Vincent in Al- garve. |

north latitude; and from 9 to 38 degrees of

longitude : ſo that it is about five hundred

and fifty leagues in length, and one hundred

and forty in its greateſt breadth, and ſixty in

the leaſt, about Rio Fermoſo, or Benin River. Robbe ſays, the French diſcover'd Guinea be- fore any other European nations, in 1346.

But ſince he produces no manner of autho- Tity for his aſſertion, and none of the French

hiſtorians mention any thing of it in their hiſtories, the notion ſeems to be ill groun- ded; of which, more hereafter.

The ſituation of Guinea, near the Equator,

' renders the air ſcorching hot; which, with

the frequent heavy rains they have, makes it

very unwholeſome, eſpecially to foreigners. The earth is water*d, beſides the rains, . Q

ſeveral little rivers, which fertilize it;

that in ſome parts of it, they have properly |

two ſummers and two winters; the latter not very ſevere, as conſiſting only of continual

rains, which occaſion the unhealthineſs above-

mentioned, but fatten the ground, and make it fit to produce, as it does, great quanti- ties of rice, Guinea pepper, Indian Wheat, and ſome ſugar-canes, (Du Pleſis adds bar- ley, but I never heard of any ſuch corn there) cotton, millet, and many ſorts of

rain and fruits peculiar to that country.

t has alſo gold mines, elephants, cattle,

hogs, monkeys, apes very nimble ant ſportful ; beſides great numbers of birds o various ſorts, and poultry very ſmall. The ſea abounds in divers kinds of fiſh, great and {mall z of all which things 1 thalf give a pI POO NR” particular

leopards, tygers, wild boars, goats 15

Guinea lies betwixt 4 and 12 degrees of

; i 8 7 8 — g 8 vu - 434 #83 - " 4 1 4 25 . * — 1 . N — 5 2 — - « 5 1 - , ; Ay 2 4-48 N g »y 4 a Res 2 8 2 L * =. * n 3 3 . 8 . 1 : . * VERT N n * _— 5 8 > 5 r n 2 "4 3 e „ 8 „ Foz r 5 „ as C ˙ Ls ; d ah : 2 1 5 N 7 2 * FB I” h/ d r ET IS Wi or E „ r 1 3 SY OE wry ” 2 s 1 8 Fe - , 5 SS + Ne Gs 4 — 722 2 7 „ Es FG 8 . N n th i . * 7 2 4 & 9 . 8 5 b k 5 0 E 2 N LA 8 ap 8 7.5 TE; 8 2 ** N — £5 * 7 5 - EE 7 n 8 8 4 . e 2 * 2 ? „V JJ... oa Bees og Re SI ER En, . V SO I ERR. Sg ne or es i. Go 3 4 3 8 * . ESD A N 2 5 : 2 7 "57 N off. E ov 93 . e 7 ot wot A e * n SH * wt» © ö 2 ie e * CCC : . 3 e eee 3 r 8 P Us. SAYS N ONES, OG 8 5 0 5 5 1 re 5 A SF : ö e N F ö n S 1 * rn " * 5 a

3 EIS we de WT 3 AR 0 Rat fs ENT rs ers

WE AGES ay” Eh ary” / Lad gf 3 3 N 2 4 5 = 3 n PPP! Eh, en e HRS

25 S LL IN ; SS COKE OC r e * e

2 e

5% v5 > FIC

. 8

1

e Z MS LAG _— me * RN . ö 4 s Je, So 4 7 þ + : „nn ED Cee WEIL TE SS Ie 65 ß ß ͤĩ· 3

7 LT ns k 2 6 Nair PR 205 „ A 3 pa 3 rg REES Coe To gn > **

a $7 * 3 F. 5 "5 . 7 N n Woo 2 IO 1 r £9 4 * 1 x

ſouth their coaſts, with thoſe

de Introductory Diſcourſe.

particular deſcriptien in this volume, at their proper places. TOY The principal rivers are thoſe of Mitomba or. Sierra Leona, Sherbro, Plizoge, Seſtro, St. Andrews, Siveiro da Coſta, Mancu, Volta, Lagos, Fermoſo, New Calabar, Old Calabar, Rio del Rey, and Camarpnes; this laſt ſepa- rating Guinea from Biafara. -

Guinea is again ſubdivided into three prin- cipal parts, viz. the weſtern, middle, and eaſtern: the weſtern part is the coaſt of

Malleguette ; the middle, Guinea propria,

that comprehending the Ivory, the Quaqua, the Gold, and the Slave Coaſts ; the eaſtern, Benin, and the coaſt from cape Fermoſo to

Rio Camarones; of all which I ſhall ſpeak

in time and place.

All cheſe countries are govern'd by kings, and other ſovereigns; but it is a miſtake in

Robbe and other authors, to ſuppoſe an em- peror of Guinea, as they do, who has ſub- dued and made tributaries moſt of the other Powers, reducing their countries and terri- tories into one ſole mighty kingdom, which

they call Guinea. This ſhall be more parti- .

cularly cleared hereafter ; for the very name of Guinea is not ſo much as known to the na- tives, as I have already obſerv'd; and this imaginary Guinean monarchy, was never

heard of there, nor elſewhere in Africa;

and this deſcription. will ſhow what great

numbers of petty kings and commonwealths

there are in it, all or moſt of them indepen- dent and arbitrary, _ 5

As to the manners of the Guineans, their trade, government, religious worſhip, c. thoſe will be treated of in the deſcription

and the ſupplement, to which I refer,

Of the LOWER or INFERIOR : C

ritories, which ſame antient authors

omprehended, to ether withGyinea propria, in Nigritia; but the modern, with more rea-

ſon, account them all as a part of Ethiopia exterior. Generally thoſe countries are ſub- divided into three parts, .viz. the Kingloms

of Biafara, Gabon, cape Lope Gonzalez, as the chiefeſt ; and extending from north to hoſe of Ouwerre, Callabar, and Del Rey, forming the gulph of Guinea, by the antients called Atbiqpicus

ners the Bight of Guinea. The other pett

kingdoms 1 o che three N named, are Medrg, Chan, and Catombo or Cajumbo; and next the ſouth ſide of cape Fa he a of Cone, Gaby, and delle, Which are properly commonwealths. After them, ſtill 5 foutbveard, lies 2 kingdom of Zogngo, by Pigaſeta call'd Bra-

B rior Guinea and Congo are ſeveral ter-

as, beginning helow cape 8. Catharing z

then thoſe of Cacongo, Bomangoy, - 4 an _— Conge,

_ Totheeaſtward of all eſe countries, lie

the vaſt territories of the Anzicains and the Fagos, .» two. populous, but very batbarous wild nations, and man-eaters; which are yet ſubdivided into ſeveral tribes and colomes, under different denominations. All theſe kingdoms and territories aboye-mention'd, with thoſe of Bungo, Macoco, Giringrombra, and Mujac, nations inhabiting eaſtward of the former, do all together conſtitute what geographers call the Lower, or Weſtern, Ex- terior Ethiopia. FF

This name of Ethiopia is Greek, and ſig-

nifies a country of Blacks; but the antients

more particularly adapted it to the country

of the Abyſines, above any other; and the Europeans have follow'd them therein, till

this time, calling all theſe vaſt countries by the name of Ethiopia in general: hut the Ethiopians themſelves know nothing of any ſuch name. |

Some authors deriye this name from

Eꝛibiops the ſon of Vulcan; or from the Greek word Aitho, I burn, as Pliny does

Ethiopia interior comprehends Abyſſinia or the empire. of the Aby/ines, and Nubia, which is to the northward of it. Mo

Ethiopia exterior comprehends the king- dom of Biafara, with the others 1 have named above, that join to it about the gulph and cape Lope; as Loango, Cacongo, Angola, and Benguela, lying on the ſea: as alſo the

countries of the Axzicains and the'Fagos in-

land; and next to the others eaſtward, the coaſts of Mataman and the Cafres, the em- pires of Monomotapa and Monde mugi, and the coaſts of Zanguebar, of Ajan, — of Abex,

on the eaſt ſide; theſe laſt at preſent under

the dominion of the Turks. This region of Ethiopia, in former times

much larger, is now confin'd between 45 and 74 degrees of longitude 3 and betwixt the

14th degree of ſouth and the 16th degree of north latitude, Its boundaries on the north are Nubia and Egypt; on the eaſt the Red- Sea; on the ſouth the Monoemugi and Ca- freria; and on the weſt the countries f Congo, Biafara, and the Jagos, otherwiſe named Giacgues; and is ſeven hundred leagues in length from north to ſouth, and five hundred from eaſt to weſt. * This is to be underſtood of the country, which has gone under the name of Myſinig or Ethiopia interior; but not of that which is now ſubjedt to the emperor of Ania, by ſome call'd the Great Negus and Prefter John, whoſe dominions neyer extendett ſo far, and have ſince the year 1537, been te- duced into much narrower bounds than they were before, by the inyaſious of the Calas and other batharaus African nations up the

inland,

The Introductory Diſcourſe.

inland, and the conqueſts of the Turks, who have ſubdu'd all the ſea-coaſts ; ſo that the emperor of Ethiopia has not now one ſea-

Port town left him, or any better defence

than his inacceſſible mountains.

The people of Aby/inia, like all the Etbi- opians, are very tawny in ſome places, and in others very black, as they dwell farther from, or nearer to the Equator, but handſomer

than the Blacks of Nigritia and Guinea. They are witty, affable, and charitable to ſtrangers; but on the other hand, very ſlo- venly, lazy, and improvident. They are alſo loyal to their princes, and religious to

inſtructed in the true religion of God, by two of their former queens, Macqueda and Candace. The firſt they pretend was that

queen of Saba or Sheba, who brought them

the Moſaical Law from Judea, in which ſhe had been inſtructed by king Solomon; and the ſecond taught them the myſteries of the

Chriſtian Faith. As to the latter, tis not

improbable that the Eunuch of Candace, baptiz d by Philip the deacon, converted them; and after him, St. Thomas and St.

Matthew the Apoſtles; and they have to

this time kept chriſtianity among them, with this difference, that they have em- braced the errors of Eutyches, and of Dioſco- us; and have ſtill their metropolitan, call'd there Abuna, who is ſubject to the patriarch

of the Copbties, who uſually reſides at Grand

Cairo, with the quality of patriarch of Alex- andria. „ The kings of Abyſſinia uſually keep their court in the open fields; and either in peace Or war their camp is, as it were, the e

of the kingdom, and takes up a vaſt ſpace of ground; for the number of ſuttlers and other people following the army, is twice as great as that of the ſoldiery. The king and

queen, with their whole houſhold, always go along with the army to war; and are ac- cCompany'd 15 all the lords and ladies of the

court: and all people, except handy- crafts and husbandmen are obliged to take up arms, and join the regular forces upon occa- ſion, becauſe thoſe do not make up above 35000 foot and 5000 horſe, The tents of the camp are ranged with ſo much order, that they form a large city and fine ſtreets. The emperor's tents ſtand in the middle of the camp, with two others which ſerve for churches. At ſome diſtance are thoſe of the empreſs, and the ladies, the great lords, the

general officers of the army, and the inferior;

making together above 6000 tents, beſides thoſe of the ſoldiery. The emperor ſometimes removes every year, and ſometimes fixes his reſidence ſe- veral years together in the ſame place. He commonly encamps betwixt Ambamarian, Debſan, and Dancas, about the lake of Dem-

ſuperſtition ; boaſting that they have been

their mouth.

bea, in the province of that name. Theſe

princes boaſt they are deſcended from the race of the king and prophet David.

or ſilk, according to their ability ; and ſome- rimes, in sk ins dreſs d like chamoy. They eat fleſh half, and ſome quite raw. All the prieſts and religious men continually carry a croſs in their hand as they go bn the ſtreets or elſewhere. Some of the prieſts are married, but never a ſecond time.

They circumciſe children, the males for-

ty, the females ſixty days after they are born;

which is always perform'd on a Saturday or Sunday, being the days on which they cele- brate Maſs, and then baptize them; after which, the prieſt gives the communion to theſe new-born babes, and immediately their mothers feed them with pap, to help them to ſwallow the particles of the Hoſt put into

The Jeſuits formerly converted ſome em- perors there to the Roman catholick reli-

gion, as alſo the then patriarch ; but they

were afterward expell'd: ſince which time, many Capucins have been there, and made ſome progreſs; but the far greateſt number are ſchiſmaticks.

As for other particulars of this empire, as

the plants, animals, rivers, and mountains, and the manners and cuſtoms of the inha- bitants, I refer the curious reader to the travels of the Jeſuits in Ethiopia, written by Balthazar Tellez; and to be found in Eng-

liſ in the quarto collection of travels in two

volumes: that being the account given by

the ſeveral Jeſuits, who reſided there many

years; and firſt diſcovered the true ſource of

the Nile, being eye-witneſſes of what they

write: whereas Ludolpbus, who has been much cry'd up, has nothing to be rely'd on

but what he borrow'd from thoſe travels,

having never been in the country himſelf.

It remains that I ſay ſomething as to the cauſe or reaſon of the hlacneſ of the people of Nigritia, Guinea, Ethiopia, Madagaſcar, and many other places, 1 T have been as inquiſitive as poſſibly 1

could, in this particular, and examined the

arguments brought by ſeveral authors and

geographers, but without any ſatisfaction. Some ſuppoſe the reaſon to be, becauſe thoſe people live betwixt the tropicts in the torrid

zones, Where the perpetual ſcorching heat

of the ſun blackens them, as it does the earth in ſome parts, which makes it look as if burnt by fire, But this vaniſhes preſently, if we conſider that Etrropeans living within the tropicts, tho? ever ſo long, will never turn

black or ſooty ; and that Blacks living many years in Europe, will always breed black or ſooty children, Beſides the Americans and

Eaſt-Indians, tho' inhabiting the fame pa- rallel zones, are not black: and particularly chroughour

The people are generally clad in cotton

ag ps

EY

1 * I b 2 £4 * * £4 1 r RS I hk *. & * 85 no) 7 "I * 1 * a NE 5 2 13 by * "M 7 93 * . * 79 6 LE. OA Ls o 785 I 4 N „ 3 I. * = i x p00 * 3» 5 þ * * « " + 18 72 ; * A N * . . 8 1 * Py £ 4 4 Lab 7 1 Go 3; 8 Wo PHE. n 3 * 2 _— . 5 n > 1855 > * 4 Bd 1 2 Cee , 44; eg ä [nd * 5, Es: x 4 (252 3 19 "uo 5

© "* 3. 4 - , 5 - ; 5 9 N 5 8 5 7 8 c : Wn ig 3,3, n $a, e — by 8 . 9 8 Ip 7 4 f + - 3 wo 5 48 2 — 5 e * - "> 7 > es. Koike, „5 N — 95 r * : x : 2 77 N :

The Introductory Diſcourſe. '

throughout all America, it is moſt certain, there never was any black till they were car- ry'd thither by Europeans, tho? ſo vaſt a part of that continent lies within the torrid zones, as is a great part of the kingdom of Mexico, moſt of Peru and Brazil, &c. which never produced any native Black.

Marmol, in my opinion, aſſigns the beſt reaſon. The blackneſs of Ethiopians, and << other ſooty nations, does not proceed ei- cc ther from the exceſſive heat of the ſun, % or from the extreme dryneſs of their

<« land; or other things aſſigned by aſtro- e Joyers; for if it were ſo, all Blacks would

< turn white in temperate climates after two ce or three generations; and the Europeans <« in like manner would turn black in the * Negro countries; but experience teſtifies the contrary. This blackneſs in thoſe

people muſt therefore proceed from the

blood or race; and it may perhaps be on

| Gen. ix. ** account of the malediction of Noah on 20,19 27-46 Cham his diſreſpectful ſon, as the diver-

* ſity of languages was the curſe of Nimrod

and of the Giants, that were building the

© tower of Babel. : That this blackneſs muſt be in the blood or race, as Marmol argues, can be further

proved, from this obſervation made, that the Jews of the Portugueſe race, always mar- rying one with the other, the children re-

ſemble their fathers and mothers complec-

tion; and thus this particular tawny colour

perpetuates itſelf with little or no diminution

whereſoever they inhabit, even in northern

countries : whereas the German Fews, as for example thoſe of Prague, are as white as moſt of their German countrymen ; which

ſhews what an error moſt people are in, who

think all Fews are tawny.

I had deſign'd to write a brief hiſtory of

navigation, and of the diſcovery of the mag- net or loadſtone, with ſome additions of my

own, to what able pens have lately pub- liſh'd; to entertain my reader with ſome-

thing more diverting than to ſpeak only of Blacks, winds, ſeas, plants, and animals : but being preſs*d to haſten this volume to

the preſs, after above ten years expectation of it, Iam oblig*d to forbear for the preſent time; but if I live, hope to get it ready for

the preſs before this copy is printed; and then it may be added by way of appendix at the end of this book. For the preſent I ſhall only mention the diſcoveries of the coaſts of Africa ſucceſſively, from the latitude of Ma- dera iſland to Nigritia, Guinea, Ethiopia,

and the cape of Good-Hope, and fo beyond

it to the Eaſt-Indies, performed by the Por- tugueſe nation in the fourteenth century.

Before I enter upon that ſubject, it will not be amiſs to give an account of what ſome French authors, and particularly Villaud de

Bellefons and Robbe aſſert z viz. that the e „„

out of mind.

French diſcovered the coaſts of Nigritia and

Guinea, almoſt an hundred years before the Portugueſe. The firſt of them ſays; it was in the year 1346, and the latter in 1364. Villaud de Bellefons relates it as follows : That about the year 1346, ſome adventu- rers of Dieppe, a ſea-port town of the terri- tory of Caux, in Normandy, long before uſed to navigation and long voyages, as be- ing deſcended from the antient Normans 3 who from their northern cold country, had ſettled themſelves in that province, even be- fore the reign of Charles the Simple, in 922, did fail along the coaſts of Nigritia and

Guinea, and there ſettled colonies in ſeveral

parts; but more eſpecially about Cabo Verde

in the bay of Rio Freſco, and along the coaſt

of Malleguette, to which they gave the names of ſome French towns and ports, Viz: the bay of France to the bay of Rio Freſco

above-named, extending from cape Verdo to

cape Maſto; that of Petit-Dieppe to the village of Rio Corſo; and that of Seſtro

Paris to the large town of Grand Seſtro, on the coaſt of Malleguette, not far from cape

Palms, at N. W. bringing over thence to France, great quantities of Guinea pepper and ivory or elephants-teeth; whence the inhabi- tants of Dieppe ſet up the trade of turning ivory, which art in proceſs of time did fo far

improve, as did the making of all other ſorts of ivory-work, uſeful or curious, and eſpe- became famous all over France, and the neighbouring nations, as the greateſt artiſts in that kind, and have

cially combs, that they

ſo continued to this time. |

Villaud adds, that by conſtant practice in

long voyages, the people of Dieppe became ſuch great maſters of navigation and aſtro-

- nomy, that to this day abundance of the French from all parts of the kingdom come

thither to learn thoſe ſciences in the publick ſchools ſet up for that purpoſe, from time

He farther affirms, that the French firſt founded the caſtle of Mina on the Gold- Coaſt of Guinea, in the year 1383, and poſſeſs'd

it till the year 1484. That the civil wars en- ſuing in France, which laſted from Novem-

{ber 1380 to Juh 1461, being eighty-one

years, in the reign of Charles the ſixth, ſur- named Le bien aime, and Charles the ſeventh,

ſurnamed the king of Bourges, and aftet-

wards the Victorious and the Well-ſerved, as

having had the good fortune in his latter years to force the Exgliſb to quit all their in-

tereſt in France, except Calais ; the French

nation was fo diverted from trading to re- mote countries, andatthe ſame time fo much impoveriſh*d, that the Normans were obti- ged to give over trading at Guinea, and

abandon all their ſettlements there; which

were afterwards poſleſs'd by the Portugueſe, the Dutch, the Engliſh, Danes, and Cour- D landers,

of

9

Tr W R — ; {eb res 4s ' AQ Bot. as AD EIA" AI * * Le 4 * * * — y * TT ROT e

10

' The Introductory Di i courſe.

landers, who built caſtles and forts there,

for the greater ſecurity of their traffick.

If this account be true, it is ſtrange that

no mention is made of it by other French

| hiſtorians, ſeveral of whom 1 have examin'd,

and particularly de Serres and Mezeray. Such

conſiderable undertakings, and ſo rich a

trade, ſeemed to deſerve a place in hiſtory, eſpecially at a time when long voyages were look'd upon with a ſort of dread, as full of

| hazards, navigation being then in its in-

fancy. The ſilence of the French hiſtorians in this point, gives us juſt cauſe to ſuſpect

the validity of this author's aſſertions; nor

do I find in the hiſtory of Portugal, which

is ſo full of the Portugueſe diſcoveries of Ni- gritia and Guinea, the leaſt mention of their

having heard of any Frenchmen that had founded the caſtle of Mina, in 1383 ; or

that Azembuja when he came to Mina in 1484, and begun there his firſt entrench-

ment, ever ſaw or heard of any ſuch caftle built by the French an hundred years before. Hence I conclude, that it would be a

piece of injuſtice to attribute the firſt diſco- veries of this part of Africa to the French, in

prejudice of the Portugueſe, who certainly the firſt of all Europeans made thoſe diſco- veries 3 which will be further corroborated

by the following accounts.

To proceed the more methodically in this

account, I muſt firſt take notice of the prin- cipal promoter and inſtrument of theſe diſ- coveries; I mean the infante or prince Henry

the fifth, ſon to king Jobs the firſt of Portu-

gal, duke of Viſco, and maſter of the military

order of CHRIST. This prince having ſtu- dy'd the mathematicks, and particularly coſmography, gave his mind entirely to dif-

cover ſuch parts of the world as were yet un- known, and ſpent forty years, and great

ſums of money, upon that enterprize. Be-

ſides what he had read of geography, he got

information from ſeveral Moors of Fez and

Morocco, who had travelled towards the borders of Guinea, which much encouraged

him to proceed on his project. The better to apply himſelf wholly to that affair, he | ſettled his reſidence at the town of Temo-

cabol, on cape Sagres, in the kingdom of

Algarve.

Before I enter upon his performances, I muſt by the way take notice, that the Ca- nary Iſlands had been before diſcover'd in the

year 1348, by Jobn BZetbancourt, a French-

man, employ'd by king John of Caſtile, who conquer*d five of them.

In 1415, prince Henry fitted out two ſhips, which paſs'd not beyond cape Bojador, ſixty leagues beyond cape Nao, then the ut- moſt extent of the Spaniſb navigation.

The firſt that paſsd the ſaid cape was Giles

Tanex, which was reckoned a mighty exploit,

that cape having been before look'd up- 3 a

on as not to be ſurmounted, becauſe it runs forty leagues out into the ſea to the weſtward, and the water beats violently on it; and from its jutting fo far out, which in Syaniſb is call'd Bojar, it was call'd Byjador 3 but this was later. | Jobn Gonzalez Zarco and Triſtan Vaz were ſent in the year 1418 to make farther diſco- veries along the African coaſt ; but they meeting with dreadful ſtorms, were acci- dentally carry*d upon the iſland, which they calPd Puerto Santo, or Holy Haven, being a ſmall iſland not far to the northward from that of Madera, and return'd home with that account. i N In 1419, the ſame two being ſent back to the new iſland, with Bartholomew Pere-

ſtrello, in three ſhips, diſcover'd the iſland of

Madera; ſo calPd, becauſe it was all over wooded. Some have pretended that this iſland had been before diſcover'd by one Macham, an Engliſhman, but that ſtory has

much more of novel than any reſemblance

of truth, 3 About the year 1434, Giles Janez and Alonſo Gonzalez Balday failed thirty leagues

beyond the aforeſaid dreadful cape Bojador, and gave the name of Angra de Ryyvos or Bay of Gurnards, to an inlet they found,

where was great plenty of that ſort of fiſh. The next year they proceeded twenty-four leagues farther to the mouth of a river,

where they ſaw a vaſt number of ſeals, and

kill'd many of them, carrying home the

skins; which being then rare, were of good value. oY

In 1440, Antony Gonzalez was ſent back

to the river where the ſeals had been taken,

and order'd to load his veſſel with their skins; where landing, he took ſeveral of the inhabitants, after being joined by Nuno Triſtan, who came after him from Por!ygal. Antony Gonzalez returned home with the

skins and flaves ; but Tyiſtan coaſted on as far as Cabo Blanco or White Cape; and ſeeing no people on the coaſt, went alſo back.

Prince Henry ſent the flaves brought him, to pope) Martin the fifth, as the firſt fruits

of his diſcoveries ; deſiring his holineſs ta make a grant of the countries he ſhould find,

and to encourage thoſe who ſhould expoſe themſelves to the dangers of thoſe unknown ſeas, for the propagation of the goſpel. The pope accordingly, by his bulls, gave him all he ſhould diſcover in the ocean, as far as India incluſive. | Ann. 1442, Antony Gonzalez returned, carrying ſome of the natives he had brought away; for whoſe ranſom he received ten Blacks, and a conſiderable quantity of gold-

duſt, being the firſt that had been brought

from thoſe parts; and therefore he call'd a rivulet where he lay, Rio del Oro, or the Ri- ver of Gold. fas

The

n

PPP

The gold encouraged others to undertake that voyage; and in the year 1443 Num Triſtan paſſing farther on, diſcover'd the iſland Adeget, one of thoſe of Arguim. Thence he ſailed over to another iſland, and call'd it de las Garzas, or of Herons, becauſe he ſaw great numbers of thoſe birds there.

In 1444, a company was erected in Por- tugal, paying an acknowledgment to the

prince, and fitted out fix caravels, which

ſetting men aſhore on the ifles of Arguim,

brought away about two hundred of the in-

habitants, whom they ſold for ſlaves. Gonzalo de Cintra in 1445, failing to the iſland of Arguim, run up a creek in the night, intending to go aſhore, and take ſlaves ; but his veſſel being left aſhore at the low water, the inhabitants attack'd it, and kilYd him and ſeven of his men; whence the

2 was call'd Angra de Gonzalo de Cintra,

ing fourteen leagues beyond the river of Cold. | | = Nuno Fernandez in 1446, paſs'd beyond

the river Senega, and diſcovered the famous

Cabo Verde or Green Cape. | Many other adventurers continued every

year creeping along the coaſts, to mention

all whom, would be too tedious; but in

1460 Antony Nole, a Genoeſe, diſcover'd the

iſlands of Cabo Verde. In 1471 Fobn de

Santaren and Peter de Eſcobar diſcoyered the place now calPd Mina, and proceeded to

_ thirty-ſeven leagues beyond cape Lope Gon- 2alez, in two degrees and a half of ſouth la-

titude. And about the ſame time were

found the iſlands of St. Thomas, Anno Bom, and Principe. ny

King Jobn the ſecond of Portugal, finding _ a conſiderable trade of gold at Mina, or-

der d a fort to be crected there. and in order to it, ſent James de Azombuja, with ſix hun- dred men, and all the materials for that

work, in the year 1481; and tho' the na-

tives at firſt endeavour*d to oppoſe it, the work was finiſh'd, and the fort call'd Sz.

George de la Mina, or of the Mine, that faint

being then patron of Portugal. Fames Cam in 1484 penetrated beyond

any other to the river of Congo, by the na- tives call'd Zayre. The next year he pro- ceeded to 22 degrees of ſouth latitude.

It would take up too much time to run through all the particular diſcoveries; we

ſhall therefore conclude with the famous Vaſco de Gama, who failing from Liſbon in the year 1497, with three ſhips, fitted out

by king Emanuel, who had ſucceeded king John, was the firſt that paſſed beyond the cape of Good Hope, and thence running a- long the eaſtern coaſt of Africa, till then ut- terly unknown, open'd the way to India by ſea, ſailing over from Moſambique to the coaſt of Malabar, and the kingdom of Cali- cut, whence he return'd in ſafety and richly

The Introdufory Diſeourſe.

——

laden to Portugal. Thus much may ſuffice

concerning the Portugueſe diſcoveries along the coaſt of Africa and to India.

In the next place I will give ſome direc-

tions, which I think may be of uſe to ſuch as ſhall hereafter reſort to Guinea and the American Iftands, eſpecially if they were never there before; x 5 In the firſt place, it is requiſite for the perſon that deſigns to travel into thoſe parts to learn languages, as Engliſh, French, Low- Dutch, Portugueſe, and Lingua Franca. Secondly, he ought to have ſome {kill in drawing, and colouring, that he may be able to take draughts of proſpects, land- ſkips, ſtructures, birds, beaſts, fiſhes, flow- ers, fruits, trees, and even of the features and habits of people; theſe parts being in

my opinion very neceſſary to make an ac-

compliſh*d traveller: for by the help of

languages he will be able to converſe with

all forts of Europeans refiding in thoſe coun- tries, and be by them inform'd of many things worth obſervation, and very uſeful, relating to thoſe regions and the trade there- of, which otherwiſe might never occur, and they would come away quite ignorant of the main points to be underſtood. It is alſo neceflary for ſuch as deſign to reſide any time there, to ap | learn the language of the Blacks, which, if they can compaſs in any tolerable meaſure, it will much conduce to their getting infor-

mation of many things of moment from the

moſt intelligent of thoſe people, who have

either gone far up the inland, or converꝰ d with others that come down from thence to

the coaſt.

By the helpof drawing, the traveller will

be enabled to render the account of his tra- vels the moſt uſeful and acceptable; ſince it

is certain, that the moſt accurate deſcrip-

tion cannot repreſent any thing to the reader

fo lively as a draught or cut, which, as it

were, ſhows the thing it {elf that is deſcri- Beſides theſe qualifications, he ought to be inſtructed in coſmography and aſtrono- my, and no leſs in navigation. by

Being thus qualified, he is to take along with him two large table-books, or at leaft one, as alſo two profpective glaſſes, a great- er and a ſmaller, to take views of objects

nearer, or farther off a ſmallſea-compaſs, | to obſerve the ſituation of places; ſeveral

ſorts of ſcales, and compaſſes, to lay down the dimenſions of ſuch places as require it; a parcel of the beſt geographical tables,

ply themſelves betimes to :

nt

maps, and ſea- charts, and the moſt valuable

accounts of thoſe countries that have been publiſh'd, in order to make remarks where they are exact, or note down their faults ; which laſt ought to be done without any o- dious reflections on the authors, as has been

_ | done

ee . r A — * * N * = 2 0 * n 7 4 Cad & =

done by many, thinking thereby to recom- mend their own works; without conſider- ing, they may perhaps themſelves commit miſtakes, which when others ſhall rectify, they will be expoſed to the ſame ſevere cen- ſures. | 3 When there, he is to endeavour to ſee all the caſtles, forts, factories, towns, villages, Ec. and to endeavour to be acquainted with the chief agents and officers at thoſe places, who have reſided longeſt there; as alſo with the beſt of the natives, and to converſe fre- _ with them, as occaſion ſhall offer, irecting the diſcourſe to thoſe points that may be inſtructive, and particularly as to things that are remote, and which he can- not come at the ſight of. All which he is to note down in his table-book, withdraw- ing for that purpoſe, without being obſerv'd, or taken notice of, if poſſible ; eſpecially,

when he is inquiring into the ſtate, or cir-

cumſtances of fortified places, which may give any umbrage, or jealouſy to Europeans, and particularly to the Dutch, who are, above all others, ſuſpicious and unwilling to let ſtrangers into any ſecrets, as to their ſettle- ments, or commerce. In order to gain the good will of ſuch perſons, and to get the | beſt intelligence of them, it is neceſſary at _ firſt to oblige them with ſome preſent, ac- cording to the ſtation they are in, and no- thing is more acceptable than European re- freſhments, as pickles of ſeveral ſorts, wine, liquors, neats tongues, hams, ſweetmeats, | brandy, Sc. as alſo things for uſe, as Hol- land ſhirts, hats, clothes, - piſtols, ſwords, filks, or the like ; more or leſs of ſuch things proportionably to their quality, and to the inclination they ſeem to have for them. The principal things they are to make their obſervations upon, are, the country, its ſituation, diſpoſition, extent and divi- ſion; the climate; the nature and fertility of the ſoil ; the inhabitants in general; their employments, profeſſions, natural genius, and temper ; their habit, houſes, cottages,

hamlets, villages, and towns, with all of winds and weather, at all hours by night

things appertaining to them; their lan- guages, manners, cuſtoms, religion, go- vernment, and diſtribution of juſtice civil or criminal; the ſeveral kingdoms, princi- palities, or ſtates ; their power, courts, laws, wars, armies, weapons, and taxes paid by the ſubjects. The forts and caſtles of the

Europeans; the inland and coaſt trade; the

manufactures and commodities peculiar to each place; how the trade is manag'd by natives and foreigners; the market-towns, and other places of trade; the merchants and brokers, both on the coaſt and up the inland country ; the navigation of the na- tives, their fiſhery and canoes ; the beaſts wild and tame, reptiles, inſects, birds, fiſhes, plants, and fruits; the diſtempers and diſea-

,

The bit roduftory Diſcourſe.

ſes moſt frequent in every place, with the pro-

per cures and remedies; caſualties, ſtrange

adventures, and ſurprizing accidents ; rari- ties, both natural and artificial ; minerals and mines of all ſorts ; ſalt-pits, and rock ſalt; gold in general, and the ſeveral ſorts and value of it in ſeveral places; the ſea- ſons, air, mountains, woods, foreſts, groves, wooding and watering places, qualities of the water, and nature of the wood and tim- ber; the rains, hurricans, hermatans, tor- nado's, ſpouts, winds, rivers, lakes, bays, promontories, creeks, points, coaſts, roads, harbours, bridges, banks, rocks, ſhoals, breaking and rowling ſeas, ſoundings, fogs, thunder and lightning, meteors, comets,

ignes fatui, declination of the ſun, variation

of the compaſs, length of days and nights, heat, cold, trade-winds, breezes, tides, cur-

rents, Sc. always marking the places and

8 5

The next thing is to take draughts of proſpects of coaſts, lands, promontories, iſlands, ports, towns, caſtles, forts, land-

diſtances exactly.

To ſound and keep account of the depths of coaſts, rivers, harbours, ſeas, in all pla- ces. To take notice of the ground at the bottom of the ſea in all ſoundings, whether

it be clay, ſand, ouze, rock, pebbles, or a

mixture of them, and the colours.

To obſerve carefully the ebbing and flow-

ing of the ſea, in as many places as may be, with all accidents ordinary, or extraordina- ry, attending the tides; the preciſe time of ebbing and flowing in rivers, at capes,

or points, which way the current ſets, the

Perpendicular difference in depth between

the higheſt flood and loweſt ebb, eſpecially

during tlie ſpring and neap tides ; what days of the moon, and at what time of the year,

the higheſt and loweſt tides happen, and all

other particulars relating to them, eſpe- _ cially near ports, and about iſlands, rocks,

banks, Sc. 5

To keep an exact account of all changes

and by day, ſetting down the point the wind

blows from, and whether ſtrong, weak, or

ſtormy ; the rains, hail, and the like; the

time of their beginning, and continuance,

eſpecially hurricans, ſouths, norths, tornado's, hermatans, and ſpouts; but above all, moſt diligently to obſerve the trade-winds, about

what degree of latitude and longitude they firſt begin, where and when ceaſe or change,

or grow ſtronger or weaker, .and to what a

degree, as near as may be.

To conclude, all is to be taken notice of,

even to common converſation, diſcourſe, re- :

flections, and accidents, provided they be

thing peculiar in them.

ſuch as relate to the voyage, and have any

It

ſkips, Sc. ſetting down the bearings and

8

It was my cuſtom, when I travelPd, to carry a ſufficient ſtock of royal and common paper of the beſt ſorts, fine white vellum, Indian ink, black and red-lead pencils, and all ſorts of water-colours, to draw by the life, birds, beaſts, fiſhes, fruits, lowers, land- ſkips, Sc. to repreſent things exactly as they are in themſelves; and I have ſtill by me ſeveral pieces of that ſort, as particularly of

the dorado, bonito, ſhark, flying fiſh, and

other things in their natural colours, with exact accounts of their form and bigneſs which is far more ſatisfactory than any de- ſcription can be.

| Whereſoever I was, either at ſea, or a-

ſhore, I us'd to pry into every object that

occurr'd to the eye, and made enquiry after what I could not have the opportunity of ſeeing, if there was any thing in it either cu-

rious, or uſeful ; and immediately noted it

down in my pocket book, or on a looſe pa- per, with my black- lead pencil, mentioning

the perſpective, diſtance, proportion, and

form, in what concern'd drawing of figures and repreſentations. The ſame I practis'd as to what I heard in diſcourſe with the moſt intelligent Europeans, who had reſided long in Guinea, Or with the diſcreeteſt of the na- tives, to whom I could explain my meaning

in ſome language or other, as Engliſh, Dutch, Latin, Italian, Lingua Franca, and French.

The Introductory Diſcourſe.

Every evening I retir'd, either to my cabin aboard, or my chamber aſhore, but ſel-

dom lay aſhore in Guinea upon a coaſting

voyage, and there enter*d in my journal all that f had, during the day, ſet down by

wayof memorandum in my table-book ; en-

larging upon it as far as my memory would help me, after comparing it with what was ſaid, touching the ſame, by authors; and then made my remarks where I found them miſtaken, or when we fully agreed, or but in part. |

Thus I conſtantly, and day by day ga- ther*d all the memoirs, notes, remarks, and figures I could judge uſeful, diverting, or curious, and tranſcrib'd the whole again, during our paſſage from Africa to America, and back to Europe, comparing the whole with what was done by any paſſengers, or officers aboard, who had the like curioſity.

I ſhall, in the following deſcription and ſupplement, take notice what European

goods are molt acceptable to the beſt ſort

of Europeans reſiding in Gninea, and to the

natives of thoſe parts, beſides the catalogue

of commodities in general; and do adviſe all

travellers to furniſh themſelves with ſome

quantity thereof, to ſerve their occaſions there, either for preſents, or to purchaſe refreſhments and rarities of thoſe regions;

Vor. V.

13

nr 5 FF + ITY Kay by ; 2 : , .

r 8 n 1 4 * ” ” 8 5 . a 2 * * » — 8 _ A . - * GY * { EF > 2 n 1 a 3 a

* 6 pa * * * F j 1 A \ . - , ; F Fj * b | : q : 4 : 5 Y 1 * * - . 6 | a 0 . * p 1 * 19 14 * 8 * 6 * h : } ; : = 2 : 4 * * ”y 5 * 2 a 5 . * a * * 5 75

(15 )

A

DESCRIPTION Coaſts of Nigritia,

NORTHEGUINEA, |

Nigritia |

an Iſland.

It, extent.

—

BOOK 1

CHAP. 1.

General remarks concerning the countries lying betcveen the rivers Senega and Gambia, their limits, extent, diviſion, and product. An account of the river Senega, and of the French ſettlement on the iſland of St. Lewis; the deſcrip- tion of Cabo Verde, cape Emanuel, the iſland Goeree, and French ſettlement

there; the town of Rufiſco or Rio Freſco, Camina, Emdukura, Cabo Maſto, Porto d' Ali, Porto Novo, and Juala. A view of the inland countries, eſpe- cially thoſe of the Foules, and Gelofes or Jaloſes. |

HA part of Nigritia, or the country of the Blacks, in which we generally place the beginning of North-Guinea, is in reality a large iſland, form'd by the Atlantick ocean on the weſt, and the rivers Senega and Gam-

bia on the north, ſouth, and eaſt; theſe two

flowing from the mighty river Niger, in the province vulgarly call'd Cantorzi.

This iſland, if I may ſo call it, extends in length from eaſt ro weſt above 200 French leagues, and in breadth, from north to ſouth, about 6o along the coaſt. In the midſt of it is the famous promontory, calPd Cabo Verde, or cape Verde, that is green cape, ſuppos'd to be the Arſinarium of the antients ; and the country about, in former times, ſuppos'd to be inhabited by the peo- ple calPd Daradi Atbioges.

Limit:of This province is at preſent poſſeſs'd by fares an- ſeveral Negro or black nations, each of them

nom.

ſubject to a particular king, or prince, I al] not attempt to aſſign the limits and 5 |

Borſalo, with part of the country

extent of each of theſe nations, as not in- BAR HOT. tending to impoſe upon any body; for nei

ther the Europeans reſiding in this part of Nigritia, nor the natives themſelves, are able to give any exact account of them tlie Blacks being altogether ignorant of geogra-

Phy, of taking the dimenſions of countries,

All

and aſſigning them their boundaries.

I could gather upon the ſtrifteſt enquiry,

was, that this large tract of land is divided into ſeveral kingdoms, principalitics, lord- ſhips, and commonwealths, yet more gene- rally known, and taken notice of, under the name of two notable nations, viz. the Foules

and the Gelofes.

The Gelofes, or Falofes, poſſeſs all the Country if lands and territories lying eaſt and weſt, be- % Jzvtcs.

tween the country of the Foules and the O- cean, being above 100 leagues in length that way, and 70 in breadth from north to ſouth, comprehending the petty kingdoms of Kayor, Baool, Porto d' Ali, nag Phong of the

Great

- . —

16

Bangor. Great Brack, king of Senega, lying in the n province of Geneboa. ENG,

The Gelofes diſtinguiſh their monarch by

Their king. the title of king over fourteen kingdoms,

including that of the Barbecins; and yet molt of the petty princes, whoſe kingdoms

he claims, are as abſolute in their dominion

Several nations.

Baool kingdom.

the coaſt. „ The kingdom of Kayor lies ſouth and weſt

Kayor kingdom,

Ale king- dom.

as the great Gelofe himſelf, but were tribu- tary to him in former times.

This is the beſt account that can be given of the countries of the Foules and Gelofes, to which I think fit to add ſomewhat briefly concerning the ſeveral nations, which are beſt known, living intermixt with the Ge-

lofes, viz. the little kingdoms of Baoo!, Ka-

or, Porto d' Ali, Fuala, and Bor/alo, theſe being on the ſea- coaſt, or at a ſmall diſtance

from it, and conſequently better known to

the Europeans reſiding in thoſe parts.

The little kingdom of Baoo! begins ſome- what to the eaſtward of the town of Camina, and is held of king Damel of Kayor, which prince, among the blacks, has the peculiar denomination of Train, ſignifying the king in their language, as Pharaoh was the name of all the kings among the Egyptians. This

Train, or king of Baoo!, has his uſual reſi-

dence at Lambaye, and ſometimes at San- guay), a town ſeated two days journey from

from thoſe of Baool and Ale, and the ocean to the NNW. The town of Kayor is about ſix days journey up the inland, and there is the reſidence of its king Damel. 1 That of Ale, or Porto a' Ali, is next the ſea, ſtretching only twelve or thirteen leagues along the coaſt, but of a much greater ex-

tent up the inland. It is reckon'd a part of the country of the Serreres. The French call the prince of it king of Portugady, or of

Porto d' Ali indifferently, from the town of Porto d' Ali. The natives give him the ſtile of

| Fain, which among them 1s a title of digni-

Juala, or Barbecins kingdom.

FN ne;

Bor ſalo kingdom.

of Portugueſe mulatto's. dence is ſome days Tus from the coaſt.

ty, and not the name of a perſon.

The ſmall kingdom of Juala, is the ſame

that ſome call of Barbecins, parted from

that of Ale, by the river Grace; of a very ſmall compaſs, and yet frequently at war with that of Ale. Here are ſeveral colonies The king's reſi-

The kingdom of Bor/alo reaches from the laſt above mentioned to the edge of the river Gambia, along the coaſt, and far eaſtward

up the inland, being much larger than the

two laſt ſpoken of. Some take Bor/alo, as

well as Juala to be a part of the people call'd

Barbecins, mentioned by Marmol, and o-

ther authors. The king of Bor/alo reſides

one part of the year at the village of Bar,

which is on the north point of the mouth of

the river Gambia; at other times, in ſome

towns higher up, on the banks of the ſame 2

A Deſcription of the Coaſts

river, to take his diverſions.

or caſtles, in all theſe

hundred leagues from eaſt to weſt, reckoning .

Eimbale.

countries of Kayor and Borſalo have two towns or villages on their utmoſt borders, the one calPd 7arap, belonging to the former; the other Banguiſca, to the latter. They are parted from each other by a woody and deſo- late wilderneſs eight or ten miles over.

The ſea-coaſts, from Byhurt near the

mouth of the river Senega, to cape Verde, Dangerows

Book I. Theſe two

are very little reſorted to, being all along cap.

foul, with many ſhoals, and not to be ap-

proach'd in many parts; for which reaſon, the country thereabouts is but thinly inha- bited.

There is not one walbd town, nor any

thing of what the Europeans call fortreſſes, No for-

in thoſe of the Foules or Falofes; but all open, great or {mall villages, or at beſt boroughs, and abundance of hamlets and ſcatter'd cot- tages. All their ſtructures whatſoever are of mud, or clay, as I ſhall obſerve here-

after, in 1ts proper place, and every where

mHarknkd. |

The French of Senega and Goeree, when they ſail from the former of thoſe places to the latter, generally ſteer SW. by W. for ſome hours, then SW, and then again SW, by S. the better to weather point Alma- dilla, which is about a league to the north- ward of cape Verde, running out to ſea NW.

under water, and conſequently not to be

ſeen.

Of the River Sex ROA.

petty kingdoms, or treſſes.

THE river Senega, which parts Negro-

land, or the country of the Blacks from 7;

the Moors of Genehoa, in Marmol formerly calPd Benhays, runs winding for above three

from the water-falls at Galam, or Galama, not far from the place where it parts from

the Niger in the province of Cantorzi, till it

empties itſelf into the Allantick ocean, at A

This river has many names given it by

the ſeveral nations inhabiting along its banks. 1s ſeveral The Geloſes call it Dengueb; the people of names.

Tombut, 1za or Ira indifferently, as far as

the lake Sigi/meſs, alias Guarda, whence it

flows out in four degrees of eaſt longitude from the meridian of Lundi. The nation of the TJurcorons, dwelling farther up the in- land, call it Maye; the Saragoles, or Sara- coles, ſtill higher up, on the fouth ſide, name it Colle; and the people beyond them again, The Senegues, according to Mar- mol, give it the name of Senega, or Zanaga

indifferently; and thence it is likely the

French and Portugueſe deriv'd that of Sene—

gal and Senega, by which it is now known to

all Europeans,

— However

*

s length. :

/

_ a g LEE r N 4.377 { + 45 2 & A a 2 ** 1 28 8 4; . 4 No ( * * 0 „ 1. 4 * * 1 . + > 1 OY | A <6

244.47 —

A

rennen 5 I of

2 ad 401. Il. JS 2 N

ZO.ML-

. 2

Ceactly Drau

| | e r : OY «fs 9

0 ” 6 £ s. | f 84

— 1 A N + 2 . wi, : | 2 , 4 | C4 a "Ah ae -

—— —

PET Oy E .

— — . —

| ti Pong cy bye, Wh ae Seo of? "I 5 | 255 . e ee IDEA We? | _ - er 3 — 3 — Freer D — —＋— — ODE thy * W - BT N : . - kd 2 o% — *

i. . 4 = > 1% > — ü — 2 — * l R — _ _ « * | F , 7 * — * = 11. * * * b | * „ Fs „ . 2 & 5 : = - 7 VA Fg ; . - — . N — — — : = — — — = — ——_——————_— —- —— — —— — — + . * o *

e- — —

5 5971 ·ĩ—˖¶Z½g 4 of ak *4 x ane, 8 75 INT 993 44

n e e e vs TU 122 . 4. 9 Ty 7 7% Lee . — - 5

' 797 * 77 2555 . pgs. 979 8.292 is CONE 7

* n e407 CF PLE oa 0

4 e — N TEL 1 * . *

; r ” 7 7 22 449 * :

2 e 224711755 cheats 7277771 172 —

oe. $00 14 fs

i 45 * 1 15 ! %% 77 * 000005 L 7 | « *

5 7's 5 15 . . 42 - - f ty £ 4 # — ** 7 * $8 Op 22 < 9% ts 717 7 Y „ 4 "7 * * 7 7 5 * *

* 77 „ „ =

Wo . - — A [ N N Fay ＋ of. . \ Peels 4 5. ö W N I WV e 12 : fx 4 l \ N r PR "IE " 54.6 72 . | ol * 7 * . . \ N 7 77250 & on N PRC „ 0 1 1 0

>, * A „

F 77 õ0 | f WV ” + TT) 2 1 1 os - * 0 11 77 4's: #7; 7 1 # W. 07 e 1 47 "oF J . a —‚— 774511. — 4 1 1 95 ous 55 x i [4 4 . | Dy 247 74 77770 3 . s R 77 : | | 13% %, — 5 2 „„ * . OgR * = 7 A | © = 1 7 9 ˖́˖⁊»ẽnr O TL M 224 1 „* 9 16% 7 „ . >\ ;; 9 ) Y 1 \ Neth | p ts - i”; . 3 -$© 1 N., — - 4 1 6 . | N 7 2 DOS ITE 7 * I” * 2 7 „ wet 22 7 # 4 ; 44 . ” 2 hows , 7 Pot (F121 * 75765 17 tink 114 14 2 „ * 9 od *

* abr 28

N 48

LEI Guns 3 | q | Diemountæd

Nel cee, in 1695 ;

„ 5222 = 7

Euten als Abaguar

CE

22

47 = 34, ge

. 8

Zo n

— .

Crap. I.

A red ri-

Ver.

Another.

comes down from the country to the north-

the river, from that of a mighty man in the country, with whom their nation firſt tra- ded, after its firſt diſcovery by Denis Fer- nandex, in the year 1446; bot this appears to be a falſe notion, by what has been ſaid above, which is much more probable. Yaſ- concelos, a more modern Portugueſe hiſto- rian, ſpeaking of this river Senega, ſays it is call'd by ſeveral names in a very ſhort ſpace z but that the aforeſaid Denis Fernandez call'd

it Ri Portugues, which is now quite diſ-

uſed, even among the Portugueſe, who ne-

ver name it any otherwiſe than Ro Senega.

This Senega, in its courſe to the ſea, ſwal- lows up many other conſiderable rivers, coming from the ſouthern country; among which, one is more particular, whoſe bot- tom being a red ſand or gravel, the colour is reflected to the ſurface of the water, which retains it ſoas to be diſcernable from that of the Senega, for ſome ſpace from the place

where they mix; becauſe the Senega gliding

over a white ſandy bottom, the water of it every where looks of a brightiſh white. Such another river as the laſt mention'd,

ward, through Genehoa, into the Senega, not

far above its mouth, and is call'd Rio de San Joao or St. John's river; which, as is repor-

ted by the Benbay Arabs and the Gelof Blacks, has alſo a reddiſh water, occaſion'd by the

Senega ſcarce na- vigable.

Its rapid courſe.

colour of its bottom: but of this more in

the ſupplement to this work. CONC The Senega is much ſhallower than the

Gambia, and the tide flows not up it ſo far by much as in the other ; and therefore it 1s not ſo navigable in barks and ſmall veſlels, being alſo choak'd up in ſeveral places with rocks, banks of ſand, and ſmall iſlands;

and in the upper part of the channel, quite

obſtructed by vaſt water- falls. Beſides, it is ſo ſhallow at the mouth, and the ſea ſo boi- ſterous, that no ſhips, tho? of inconſiderable burden, can get in; that being only practi- cable to flat-bottom?d ſloops and barks built for the purpoſe. In ſuch ſmall craft the French

inhabiting the iſland of St. Lewis, drive a trade with the natives on both ſides of the ri-

ver, during the ſeaſons it overflows for near three hundred leagues up to the eaſtward, as ſhall be ſhown hereafter in this deſcrip- tion. 7 SE 8 The current is ſo ſwift and ſtrong down- wards, that the freſh water runs out above

two leagues into the ocean, without mixing,

and appears at a diſtance, like a ſhoal or bank above the ſurface of the ſea, This water taken up four or five Engliſh miles without the bar, as is commonly done by

the French company's ſhips, proves very tweet, and keeps good for a long time.

Var. V.

of Nigritia, or North- Guinea.

However, ſome Portugueſe authors pre- This rapidity of the river, occafion'd by tend this name of Senega was firſt given to

its narrowneſs,and the length of its courſe and ſhallowneſs, is the reaſon why it continually carries down a great quantity of ſand and ſlime to the mouth, and that being forced back again by the violent NW, winds, moſt conſtantly reigning about thoſe parts, is by degrees heap'd up together by the ſurges and rolling of the ſea, forming a croſs bank, call'd a bar, athwart the mouth of the river. Nor does 1t continue always

in the ſame place, but is removed farther in

or out, as the current from within, or the wind, or ſea from without, are ſtrongeſt and moſt prevalent. But ftill at all times this bar is ſuch, that no ſhips whatſoever can paſs up into the river, as has been ſaid; and therefore the French inhabiting the iſland of St. Lewis, build there the above-men- tion'd flat-bottom*d barks of about ten or

twelve tun burthen, to ſail in and out over

the bar ; for which reaſon they are pecu- liarly call'd Barques du Barre or Bar-Barks, But this way of failing in ſuch ſmall craft is extraordinary difficult and dangerous, at ſome times, when the bar is ſwollen high by the NW, wind from the ſea, and the vio- lent freſh from the land, and much more at low tides and in foggy weather; for then the

17

BaRBoT. 18 The bar.

ſurges ſwell, foam, and break upon the bar

with ſuch fury and horrid roaring, as will

terrify the boldeſt and moſt undaunted ſailor, and very often ſinks or ſtaves the barks, or at beſt ſtrands and very much ſhatters them.

Whenſoever this happens, it is rare that

any of the men can eſcape either being

drowned, or devoured alive if they offer to

ſwim for it, by the vaſt multitude of mon-

ſtrous ſharks, conſtantly plying about the

bar, among the rolling waves. The French therefore at ſuch times, frequently wait a whole fortnight, or three weeks, for the wea- ther to change and the tides prove more fa-

vourable for paſſing over the bar; which de-

lay 1s often very prejudicial, and retards the

diſpatch of their ſhips riding in Sexega road.

From this inconveniency is only excepted the time when the river overflows in the months of July and Auguſt, for then the bar

is paſſable, without ſcarce a day's interrup-

tion, as ſhall be farther ſhown hereafter.

As the navigation up this river is very French re- difficult and hazardous to the French, and /4e»ce nos

generally their voyages for this reaſon te- dious; ſo on the other hand it is advantageous, as ſecuring their reſidence in the iſland of St. Lewis, which is therefore neither wall'd nor fortify'd, bating only ſome ſcatter*d open batteries of a few guns, on the parts of the iſland which are eaſieſt of acceſs, of which more in another place.

fortify'd.

The mouth of the river Senega, accord- The month

ing to the lateſt obſervations, is exactly

in of the Se-

16 8.

18

Bax nor. 16 degrees and 12 minutes of north latitude; Vand yer moſt maps in Europe, of that weſtern part of Africa, place it 30 degrees farther to

the ſouthward z and Vaſconcelos, a Portugueſe

hiſtorian, aſſigns to it 15 degrees and 30

minutes; which is a great miſtake in him and all others. Eh This mouth is almoſt a French league over, at the bar; and it is very remarkable, that at the time when the river overflows, the freſh which runs down ſo 1mpetuous, forces itſelf new ways to the ſea, through the low, narrow, ſandy peninſula of the country of _ Genehoa, lying to the northward, and b

the French vulgarly calPd Pointe de Barbarie,

tho' very improperly, as giving the name of Barbary to Genehoa. In the year 1661 it forced a paſſage through this peninſula, much higher than it uſed to do, and broke out almoſt over-againſt the iſland of the re- ſidence, which obliged the French to remove higher up the river, for a time. This ex- traordinary mouth afterwards ſtopping up of itſelf, the water reſumed its natural courſe to the ocean, and ſo has continued ever ſince. The water-falls before mentioned, at the upper part of the Senega, not far from Ga- lam, are of a great height; the ſtream as it tumbles down, looking at a diſtance like an arch, or bow; for which reaſon ſome of the natives call it Burto, and others Huab, both ſignifying the ſame thing in ſeveral lan- guages; that is, a Bow, No doubt but that theſe mighty ſtreams of water perpe- tually falling from fo great a height, occa- ſion the rapidity of the river before ſpoken of, and render the navigation ſo troubleſome.

Water- falls,

Bad riding for ſhips. here, proceeding from the ſame rapid tide,

7 guſhing out at the common road where the ſhips ride at anchor, at about two Eugliſb miles diftance from the raging of the bar, 1s, that the waves of the ocean for the molt part rolling violently from the northward, and the mighty freſh which runs from the river keeping the heads of ſhips to the eaſtward, on their moorings, they roll ſo prodigiouſly ſtar- board and larboard, with the gunnils almoſt

to the ſea, that it is hard for a man to ſtand

faſt on the deck: and the company's ſhips being oblig' d to ſtay ſome months in this road, becauſe they cannot be ſooner diſ- patch*d, their crews undergo much toil and | hardſhips. Beſides, the ſhips themſelves are much damaged by this perpetual agitation, their cables wearing very faſt, as well as their maſts and rigging ; to obviate which miſchief in ſome meaſure, the French generally as ſoon as they come to an anchor, lower all their top-maſts and yards, and ſo con-

tinue till near the time of their departure

thence, either for America, or back to France directly. 1

3

A Deſcription of the Coaſts

Another inconvenience to be obſerv'd

I now proceed to the habitation of the 185

French Senega company in the iſland of St. Pp Lewis, before mentioned in ſeveral places. N

Of the French Factory in the river SxROA.

TH IS Iſland and ſettlement had the Name and name of St. Lewis given it in honour ry” YT

of the king of France, the natives calling it *

Hyacon. It is above three Exgliſb miles in Plate 1.

compaſs, lying in the middle of the river Se-

nega, and about four and a half or five

leagues within the mouth of it. The penin-

ſula of Geneboa lying to the weſtward of the

iſland, and being low and barren, the tur-

rets of the factory are plainly to be ſeen at

ſome diſtance at E. as you come from the

northward, appearing as in the plate here

annexed. |

The ſoil of this little iſland, is like the op- The ſoit

polite peninſula, almoſt all ſandy and bar-

ren, and without any verdure, except ſome few low trees growing at thenorth end of it.

The factory, which the French expreſs The fafo- by the word habitation, or dwelling, is" . built on the ſouth fide of the iſland, where | the ground is ſomewhat more firm and ſolid, as is obſerv'd in the plate under

the proſpect of the factory, deſcribing the form of it. derable, that nothing worth taking notice of

The buildings are ſo inconſi-

can be ſaid of them, any more than as to the largeneſs and extent of the warehouſes, lodg-

ments, offices, and chappel. It is encloſed

In ſome parts with only plain curtins, or mud walls; and in others with pails of clap-

boards: and yet is calPd a fort by the

French, perhaps on account of three ſmall ranges of iron guns, being fifteen or ſixteen in number, placed about it, and mounted on platforms of planks, to oppoſe any de-

| ſcent on the iſland. But were it not for the

difficulty of getting up the river, in almoſt any ſort of veſſels, as has been before ob- ſerv*d, this would avail very little to ob- ſtruct the invading of their reſidence, no

more than it did the Eugliſb and Dutch,

when they had ſettlements here in former times. The French here, for the privilege of their factory and trade, pay to the king of Senzga ſixteen in the hundred for hides, as ſhall be more fully declared hereafter. The Portugueſe paid but ten when they traded

here, and but little for other commodities.

About a league to the ſouthward of this

iſland is another of much the ſame magni-

tude, where the Eng!iſh had their reſidence Engliſh

in former times; and therefore the Irench?ſare.

ſtill call it P fe aux Anglois, or the Eugliſb iſland. To return to the iſland of &. Lewis, it is the uſual reſidence of the director, or gene- ral agent of the French Senega company, and 10

4 |

4268” * 8 v 0 FT, N * 2. , Pg

iv LI

C. Plate .

Lo

— —— — — — ——

> -* —

S

— iu. 4. "ry g ERS —— ——— — i

Ni

A W JS \ N — DL _- = =nS ==, > AY

The Proſp . on & Wand SeLewis, as it appears off at Sea, at 2 a League diſtance off x

ect of the Habitation of the French Senegal Compan

hore of Genehoz

N. Scr Home

A. Z lie Habunhon. Gum Hare Hout, G. Ae mee, Late.

H. Aire hou /or Hides. D zie (rn Hare, LZAe L, |

K. . L. Aub.

*

* N : | mmm * { 2

8 „

= —ä — : * - - - — — wo — — —

end — — ELLE. *

. SS he 8 —— — %S

WS 4 — * - - . - 9222 <> - IEA *

—— —ñů— — ds

— — — — —— — Wo

— —

SENEGAL

45 *0,., * 20 0588 ao», ov Ayo -

Mutanten

. * „* -- CESS ec of, 0

2h 42414---4 - ae l * 2 0 0 o* z2 1019 a l od „4

— — ome

— * 5 44 —.

C wo WW

— ww © — — — —— —U——U— — . . * * v OT = 1 — a a „ n N — —_—_Y WAIERTDI — 4 m

e CON 7 JJ

F114” — — N \ "A

—

h $90). — . 9 „

— —

—

* rl 6 8 * * * 1 5 . * 7 7 5 % * ” 5 1 n " — 8 — 4 r . 4 - ' 1 1 5 : 8 U t » = , . * - 4 a . » — » 2 4 4 =_ — * . * . . * r iy "RR. . 14 — s -« Fs o . * — * * 2 . % 4 8 i P PY * . d . - ” » . 3 . 2 o of | 2 . _— OK.” 3 i 7 - — * - 1 L Ac l 3 - = 4 4 : 88 1 - mm —— —UU—A—ü—ä— . — nn nn —— — — 8 - - 2 "3 2 Oe: N . 4 ER ago wah! ? g - - : : RE :iit . oennnenoSmes — . ——-— ee if * : 2 - : 4 : — _ — wal ·˖˙ i i Ia et C 22 ”

CHaP.l.

ſervants there give him the title of governor.

His province is in chief to direct and inſpect the company's trade, and all other matters

in this part of Nigritia, or the land of Blacks, as far as the river Gambia, He has ſeveral aſſiſtants and accountants, both here and in the lodges and reſidences the company has

about this country; with proper factors at each of them, to whom he ſends from the

general ſtorehouſe here, all ſuch commodi- ties as are proper for trading with the natives, and receives their returns for the ſame, be-

Commodi- ing flaves, gold-duſt, ivory, bees-wax, bul- ties of Gui- Ichs hides dry d, gum-arabick, oſtrich fea-

nea.

Trading

barks.

Dangers

thers, pagnos, proviſions, &c. This leads me, before I proceed upon any other matter, to give ſome account of the manner of the French proceeding to carry on their trade in the river Senega, and of ſome late attempts

they have made to penetrate up the ſaid river

as far as poſſible, in order to extend heir com- merce along it, and make new advantageous diſcoveries towards the Niger. To this end they navigate the river in flat- bottom'd barks, ready framed in France,

but brought over in pieces, which they join and put together in the iſland of S/. Lewis;

each of them being about twelve tun bur- then, and mann'd with feven or eight hes, and ten or twelve Laptos or free Blacks, kept

by the company in conſtant pay. Each

bark is furniſh*d with proper arms, and has a ſupercargo, or factor, with a competent quantity of ſeveral ſorts of European goods fit for that trade;

Being thus fitted, if the wind proves fair,

going up they hoiſt out all their fails ; but if it prove the river. contrary, or the weather calm, the veſſcl is

drawn with ropes by hand along the north

bank of the Sexega, which is indifferent le-

vel, and not ſo much encumber'd with

woods or ſtumps of trees, nor ſo hilly, as the oppoſite ſouth ſide.

However, this ſort of navigation is very tedious, not only in re- gard they muſt continually pull up againſt the rapid ftream of the river, but by reaſon

of the many other toils and hardſhips which attend it, occaſion'd by the inſupportable

heats of the climate, and the oppoſition of

abundance of floating logs and green trees, waſh'd away from the banks of the river, and carry*d down with ſuch violence, as of- ten endangers both the veſſel and the men in it; the ſhocks they give the barks being pro- digious, and ſometimes ſtaving of them, eſpecially when they lie at anchor.

the anchor-flooks, and ſtretch it to the beam,

to which they make it faſt with marlin, ha- ving given the cable another turn : for if it happens to be foul in this manner, the mar- lin that faſtned it breaks, and by that means

To pre- vent theſe diſmal accidents, as much as may be, they ſeize the end of the cable about

of Nigritia, or North-Guinea.

ſo ſtiled by them; but the company's

9

the flook of the anchor draws out of the BarBorT.

ground, and leaves the bark adrift ; ſo that the ſhock is not ſo dangerous as if it had held faſt. Yer would not all this very often avail them in thoſe dangers, were it not for the many turnings and windings of the channel, which in a great meaſure break the violent rapidity of the river. fn

Nor are the dangers they undergo any leſs A yew e in navigating the croſs rivers, as it happen'd pedition.

more particularly to them in an expedition they undertook not long ſince to ſail from the Senega to the Gambia by the inland, up- on aſſurance given the general agent of a free paſſage found out to that effect; which if it had ſucceeded well, would have proved very advantageous to the French company, they being excluded the beneficial trade of the Gambia by ſea, by the Engliſb, who are

there ſuperior, and do all they are able to

diſturb and moleſt any ſhip of France that ventures to trade there.

This expedition was undertaken at the Di/appoin-

is, about July; and conſequently the water was every where the deeper. Yet it met with ſo many unforeſeen difficulties, as ren- dered it ineffectual; for the bark ſometimes

> \. : | . ſtraying out from the natural channel, ei-

ther ſtuck upon ſtumps of trees, or was ſtranded on the banks. B ſides, through continual toils and hardſhips the beſt part of

time when the Senega river overflow'd, that ted.

the ſailors ſickned and dy*d, whilſt others

periſh*d by the intolerable ſcorching heat, which threw them into burning fevers; and thoſe who had been proof againſt that into- lerable fatiguz, were deſtroy*d either by the

vile perfidiouſneſs of the native Blacks of the country, or devoured alive by alligators, a_

ſort of crocodiles which ſwarm in the croſs

rivers, as well as in the Senrga, ſome of them above ten foot long, lying cloſe among

the bull-ruſhes, or under the water, along the banks, and ever ready to ſeize and prey on man, when opportunity offers.

Their diſcoveries towards the upper part Diſcoveries

of the Senega have proved more ſucceſsful by # the ri-

degrees, with much labour and expence, ““.

they having run up it as far as they could well go, to a country call'd Znguelland, and even to that of the Fargots, being more than two hundred and fifty leagues above their reſidence in the iſland of $7. Lewis; and have

there erected a ſmall fort of eight guns at

Galem or Galane; of which a farther ac- count ſhall be given hereafter, when I come to inform the reader concerning the com-

_ pany's trade along the river.

return now to the deſcription of the ma- ritime parts, about the river Senega, before I proceed more regularly in treating of this part of Nigritia; and ſhall firſt make ſome obſervations concerning the promontory

2

20 A Deſcription BARBOr. | | rr WY Of Care VERDE.

1 T HIS, as has been faid before, is gene- rally taken for the Arſinarium of Pto- lemy. The natives, in their language, call it Beſecher, and the Portugueſe Cabs Verde, a name given it by Denis Fernandez, who firſt diſcover*d it in the year of CHRIST 1440, as I have obſerv'd in the introductory diſcourſe to this work, and ſignifying green cape, from the perpetual verdure the country about it is adorn'd with, in a multitude of beautiful lofty trees growing there, which afford a

very curious proſpect at ſea. Deſerip- Ii is in the kingdom of Kayor, lying ex- tion. actly in 14 degrees and 25 minutes of north latitude, and in 2 degrees and 15 minutes of eaſt longitude, from the meridian of Tenerif, ſtretching farther out weſtward, than any other part of Africa, and is very diſtin- guiſhable in coming from the northward. The north fide of this cape is ſomewhat mountainous z the weſtern point is ſteep to- wards the beach, and about half a league broad, having ſome rocks under water at a

_ diſtance in the ſea.

as regularly, as if they had been planted by art. At the bottom is a fine ſpacious, level, ſandy ſhore, like a bay, fronting WSW. and beſet with ſeveral villages and hamlets, as far as cape Emanuel, Between the two capes, out at ſea, are two large rocks, or little iſlands; on one of which ſtands a ſingle lofty tree, of an extraordinary bulk, In the other is a vaſt concavity in the form of a grotto or cave, into which the waves of bl the ſea are continually ruſhing with a [ | prodigious roaring noiſe, and in it is har- 5 bour'd an immenſe multitude of gulls, = mews, and other ſea-fowl, which have al- Fl ways laid their eggs, and hatch'd their young on both theſe iſlands time out of mind, fo that their dung has almoſt turn'd =» the natural dark colour of the rocks into Þ | perfect white; for which reaſon the Dutch | have in their language given them the name of Beſcbeiten Eylands, that is, Shitten 1/lands.

PLatE2. I took exact draughts of the coaſt on both ſides of the cape, as is here repreſented in the

| cut. _— = b Variation, The variation obſerv'd here, is 3 degrees bf current, and 40 minutes eaſt, The current ſets bl ke. SSW. three leagues out at ſea, Five leagues ! a from the ſhore we found eighty fathom

water; the lead brought up grey ſand. The Dutch formerly built a little fort on the very cape, and call'd it $f, Andrews; I VvVhich was afterwards in the year 1664 taken [| | by the Engliſb commodore Holmes, who alſo took from them all the reſidences the Dutch

of the Coaſts Meſt- India company had in this part of Ni-

gritia. He changed the name of this fort to that of 7ork, in honour of the duke of York

| The ſouth fide, tho? low, is pleaſant, be- ing adorn'd with long ſtrait rows of tall large trees along the ſtrand, which ſeem to ſtand

.

then the principal member of the Eugliſb Royal African Company, and built another at the mouth of the river Gambia, to ſecure the trade of this coaſt to his nation. But

the Dutch admiral de Ruyter ſoon after re-

cover'd from the Engliſh the fort at cape Verde, with the other Dutch ſettlements about it. =

Cano ManotL or CAPE EMANvuEL,

I S five leagues diſtant from cape Verde,

being a flat hill cover'd all over with

ever-green trees, in ſuch order, that they

exactly repreſent the form of an amphi- theatre on the ſouth fide,

The Portugueſe gave it this name in ho- | nour of Emanuel, fourteenth king of Por-

tugal, ſucceſſor to king John the ſecond, who died October 25, 1495.

The country about both the capes abounds in Pintado hens, partridges, hares, turtle-doves, roebucks, goats, and a mul-

titude of horned cattle. The INand GoRREE TIES a league ENE. from cape Ema-

nuel, by the natives call'd Barzaguiche,

and Goeree by the Dutch, at their firſt taking poſſeſſion of it, in memory of their iſland of the ſame name in the province of Zealand, It was given them by one Biram, at that time king of Kayor, and they built on it two little forts, the one calPd Naſſau

on the plain, the other named Naſſau on the Dutch top of the hill, oppoſite to it, on the ſouth, er *

to retire to, in caſe the other were taken,

for the ſecurity of the company's ſervants

and goods upon preſſing dangers; that being made by the ſaid company a principal ma- gaz ine for their commerce in theſe parts, beſides that they had at cape Verde above-

mention'd. They held this place till the

year 1663, when the Engliſb invaded the iſland, and took the two forts Naſſau and Orange in the name of the Engh/b Royal African Company; but were ſoon after turn'd out again by the Dutch admiral de Ruyter,

on the 24th of Oober 1664; who ſent Abercromby, the Engliſh commander, with

his garriſon, to the Engliſb reſidence at Gam- bia river, according to the capitulation. The Dutch Weſt-India company repair'd all

the damage done to this ſettlement by the

Engliſh, and the mighty rains; and raiſed

the walls of fort Orange which had been de- moliſn'd, higher than before. From that

time they remainꝰd quietly poſſeſsꝰd of the

iſland till the year 1677, when the French

vice-admiral, the count 4 Eſtrees, 8 . ma

- Ya

- i IS

CRIES CNW 3

„ OTE >

5 , 1 2 a _ \ 2 " 3x = *— #. © 4 r * E * + VE — XX

Book I.

—

un wr . —

—

4

777745

5797717 1.9

13777 1777517 11777 WAH

"4 7ů1 44% 1 77% 4% 444% V4 Ar 7 4

94% / MPT

4 o

Wn SS... —

75 MM 795 F766 mn 44% 1,1 «1; U

4! 1 ;

" 170

—— — — — — —

16065 4 5195 . 45174 0 wo f

— — — I IRIS

, ”

40,

9960

U 11 ＋ 70

7

— —

U '# "/

GO ODOODODI

—

— — ——

* — — —

— —

»

— CI _ — _ —

=

—

— —

RD

— —

— — —

— — —

DD

K* = — —

— — — _— "—_— — — CD DDS So — — — . _ — —— —— — — —

. — ————

—

i -1 ; ' I". l 1 & 1 * [ | I ö * eh U f | } i 1 |

bY

*) *

Mr

3% 7 WW

1 N Uli“ l

# N

t, THe *

— — — . —

N—— — — —ä—4—0 — —

NI

.

2

*

4 * *

j

8

„„ „

„„ „

*

e

vt

Oo

„1 i.

W

E 775

4

* * LO N 775

e Proſpect of the Neegr«

Th

U

„ LE 1 ibih

i

F {ent

FEIOCO - Sp

104 47 UN

Hel Ae eme, wie, e

*

AAA. Hader

the The

A B C

1 1 i

—

— — —

1

| 147

| jv! ol '') | / /

Mn

{| WMA /

Ne

rde, be ing at

2

1

The Proſpect of Cab

. off at Sea about 32 Leagues.

Po

„

D

—— —

/

—

—

e at 8

[bauc

1

Om a Fl

Ir

e

Verd

0

he Prolpect of the Co Ungs about C

1

—ñ—5r;riCarn—— ———ů—————r]s — ́— — . —

— _

— — — — — — ——

— —

A | , jb n *. a 2 12 * . eu. . „„ —— ———_— — — — =

- — — — — — —

— —

* —— — — SAS

A 4

4 adad

NN

700 —

D., f. m, ,. E , Zhe Sandy Dea. F Lhe Bay DG LIRmce ,

The Proſpect of Cabo-Ver

— — — — — P —ÿ— — 2— —

-ance at Sea.

—_—

A -

bl

> — — — — — * == — — —Eʃ4 - — — — — —

The Proſpect of C. Emanuel & of the

om about g Leagues off at 8. S E.

0 — = = — — — — — — — — 2 : — — — — — — —

7 5

* WY, 14 7

e Goeree: the Flag at E. S. E.

5 N ä -

r | Kip Seulp.

*

—— — — — end 3 — —— — —— * — —U—ü)ͤ— . — — — — — — — — I , A U * i bs | - 7 1 * ! ' * ' 1 |

| / ol. L LU

— V—

—

1

5

— , - 1 ' * x F: \ 1 i ; 1 . : . : ; —— ; 1 —

i . —— : — = —..... ̃ —öͤ—— Ie fee I , - — — , — —̃——ßꝛ53 ͤʒàͤ—4œU²ũmH . —————ĩ·Q —½:tꝰ

'

_— —— —

| 4 | , | 0411. << I F408 —— .. „ 2 a — E en? . — LEN] S Eg —— , WW M14 TIED ! | ELIE | | = . ap | = | Ee. h ||TheProſpect of the Iſland of Goeree & of th W | HW. KA. off We £01

of the Iſland (

In Nigrit

THE CHANNEL

| Brea Mater Gre 1B Ine Garden

” — — a 2 * . = . 2 72 ; 4 * 2 þ - — x V /, = — : a — 7 7 . N 2 — — u 4 Z FL 4 - = 7 L 7 — FI, HY, YA. 2 | ——- = it G. Ze Burial ple

I. The Hoad - | Zhe l anding p

. 7 — Os * —— - ® * Ld j - A 2240 ©0420 j #8”, 1 K r [1 1

il

1 2227 b * : | 7 WA * 40 *. \ o * dy 2 N 2 WE — e * 1 8 N l - / : Ss 5 . N x _ we * | , je => UL W 8 — > 7 2 Ay pat : ——— 277 PP - _ — 2 4 ( 7 , *

— . : . a — — 95

g ; — — — — — — * =— £2: 41, , N 5 0 - 3 —

AC LC

ET TT rhe OCOCIDENTAL OCEAN or the 1 ANTICK SEA

-

W— ¶

|

— _ == — ]————ñ——— ² ——vñ : oa nn non — r ——————ð7§—i- — . — — — —— — — — — — ——— ſf—.—ñ— — ——— — ——̃̃ů—————— ——-—V—— — l—-—ũ—ʃ4 — — — ͤ ͤ— — T—— — — ͤ — EE H ———- —— —T— — — ä ͤ ͤ — . —-.t . A

l

Je, 5 . ——— 2 3 4 #/ i, LEES DO Ton yy _(] '===E= =. / — ; - ES OT Eat E „ = — — 5 rn ͤͥ 0 ĩ v ol — = > _- 11 8 LIE @ . —— — = = —— === . // — . mr — 5 C — — = — — 52222: 1 —= ag" : — — 5 — - _ — Þ 1 ETA == is — ——ů— — DD PL == 2 >> a. — 4+ — 75 124 270 — — = — ; x 1

e & of the Fort Vermandois alias St Michael Fd 1g Me Forge at half OuntHhot tance. E 5 . ”

—

"A PLAN Explanaton:. _ the Iſland Goeree A. Ae Place of lim, F. Latin. in Nigritia . B.Zhe Saves Bote.

— C the HHites (abins. "age ZZ FN | # rr. S Franc ale; | 1

. | a — —— —— © — > . — — — -

20 25 T. 1 ai

— — = —ů—

C . Fi * 0 4 . * c — " % BALE ad . * » * — — 2 2 — — — — — RAE. — — 9 ee — - £ n * * A 2 - * 7 5 * — — - - 4 —— 4 ” © 4 — Ae tec ou EC a= ( 3 62 — — — nt — — x — — — 5 > 4. — — — *

— —

" n

Crap. I.

Taken by the

French.

ſmall ſquadron of ſix men of war, took it from them on the 24th of October, landing four hundred and fifry men under the command of the marquis de Grancey, who firſt attack*d the lower fort in the plain. The garriſon fearing to be beſet by ſea and land, retired to fort Orange on the hill, which the mar- quis attack*d with ſo much bravery and reſo- lution, that the Dutch were forced to ſur- render it, and themſelves priſoners of war. This done, the count d' Eſtrees having ran- ſack'd, burnt, and levelPd both the forts, and ſhip'd off all that was of any value, as cannon, utenſils, and ſeveral ſorts of mer- chandiſe, ſet fail from Goeree for the iſland

of Tobago in America, dr the ninth of No-

_ vember following.

Gruen to their Afri-

can com-

*

The next year, 1678, this iſland was yielded up by the treaty of Nimeguen between France and Holland, for the uſe of the then French Senega company, by patent under the great ſeal z excluding all and ſingular other

_ perſons &© that nation, under forfeiture of

ſhips and goods, from trading to any port

of Nigritia, except the ſaid company, which

paid an acknowledgment to the crown for it.

The Senega company being thus put into poſſeſſion of Goeree, and other reſidences for

trade along this coaſt, as far as the river Gambia, immediately cauſed the ruin'd fort

on the plain to be rebuilt on its former foun- dation, raiſing the curtins and ſemi- baſtions

ſixteen foot high, and facing the walls with

ſuch black ſtones or pebbles as the country

and iſland afford. Within they erected pretty convenient ſtore-houſes and dwellings, with

other offices and conveniencies for a ſmall

garriſon and factory, giving the names of

. St. Francis and of Vermandois indifferentl

PLATE 3.

to their new fort, formerly calPd Naſſau by

the Dutch. It was calld Yermandois, in ho-

nour of the count de Vermandois, then admi-

ral of France, and the name of §t. Francis

was on account of one of the chief directors of the company.

I have here given an exact draught of the

iſland and fort as taken on the ſpot. At firſt there were twenty- four guns mounted in the

fort; but afterwards in my time it had but

ſixteen, and thoſe not in very good order.

The facto-

7

The French made a good ciſtern in the fort, which has been ever ſince conſtantly kept full of freſh water brought over from the continent. Here the company has its chief reſidence and general ſtore-houſes, ſuitable to the trade drove at ſeveral ports and places along the

neighbouring coaſts and rivers, as far as the

Biſegos lands 3 all managed by a chief fac- tor, whom they there call governor, with ſeveral inferior factors and aſſiſtants under his direction; yet even he is ſubordinate to the French general agent of Senega river.

The whole number of officers and ſervants, Vo 1. V.

of Nigritia, or North- Guinea. 21

in the company's pay, with ſoldiers and Bangor. Lapto Blacks depending on the chief at Goe- WWW ree, amounts to about three hundred men.

The Lapto Blacks have ſeveral round huts aſſign'd them for their dwelling, without

the fort, on the welt ſide; and juſt by it, is a large houſe of black ſtone to lodge the ſlaves that are purchaſed on the. continent. The chappel in the fort is ſerv'd by a Fran- ciſcan frier, and has nothing in it remarkable. The ſouth-weſt part of the iſland is hilly, Goeree de-

the eaſt fide flat, ſandy, and barren, the/#i%.-

whole not much above two Engliſh miles in compaſs. The landing-place is juſt under the fire of the fort, at the low point, in a ſmall bay form'd by a ſandy beach, or ſtrand, where there 1s. good fiſhing with a ſeane. The other parts of Goeree are every where encloſed with a ridge of large round black ſtones or pebbles, and ſhoals. At the weſt point, among thoſe ſhoals and rocks, natu—

rally forming a little bay or harbour, fit for

boats and pinnaces, about twenty paces out at ſea, is a ſpring of good freſh water; and near to it, the ſcorching heat of the ſun pro- duces a ſort of nitrous ſalt. The French call this place la Fontaine.

The hill is indifferent large, and level at The foil.

the top, and produces nothing but weeds

and bull-ruſhes,which harbour abundance of wild pigeons ; and at a certain time of the

year fome quails, which then come over thi- ther from the oppoſite continent. The ſoil

of the iſland is a red ſandy mould; for which reaſon, it produces very little paſture for cattle and goats kept there for the ſubſiſtence of the company's men; the beſt grazing is on the top of the above-mentioned hill. | The channel between this iſland and the oppoſite continent is deep enough for third- rate ſhips to paſs through,and the anchoring- place before fort Vermandois, is about an

Engliſh mile ES E. from the ſhore, in eight

or nine fathom water. As for the former fort Orange, the ruins of it remain there to

this day. One inconveniency here for inha- No wood. bitants, is, that the whole iſland is deſtitute of wood, either for ſhelter or fuel, there be-

ing none but only here and there ſome old

ſtanding Pallots, with little oreen heads,

and a few buſhes, at the foot of the hill, to- wards the road,

The uſual watering-place for ſhips in watering- the road, is at a place on the adjacent con- Face. _ tinent, by the French call'd le Cap, being a third point of land, NE by N. from cape Emanuel above ſpoken of. The water is there taken out of a pool, having a gravelly bot- tom, about a muſquet-ſhor up the land from the ſtrand, The brook running into it, is hemm'd in with buſhes and briers, and the water very ſweet and good.

The wooding-place is at a ſmall diſtance Moding- from the pool, and almoſt oppoſite to the Pace.

G wreck

22,

Bar. wreck of a ſhip caſt away there ſeveral years

ace, the ribs whereof are ſtill to be ſeen near

the ſhore at low water. The country there-

about being very woody, whatſoever is fell'd may be convey'd down to the boats by

Village at | the cape.

Blacks, with little trouble, the ſea being ſo __ He |

About half a league to the weſtward of the watering-place is the village of the cape, and a little beyond it are two ſmall hamlets, the inhabitants whereof commonly furniſh

| travellers with ſeveral ſorts of proviſions and _ refreſhments, either for money or in ex-

change for goods, firſt paying the uſual du- ties to the king of Kayor's officers. I ſhall hereafter give a particular account of thoſe

duties.

Mandana- z2 fruit.

The country about here is very barren, in moſt places, yet it produces abundance of wild crabbiſh apple-trees, growing; as thick as broom on a heath, and among them very ſmall ſhrubs, on which grows a ſmall

fruit, much reſembling an apricot, by the Blacks call'd Mandanaza, generally no big-

ger than a walnut, of an agreeable taſte, but by the natives reckoned very unwholeſome.

The leaves of the tree are like ivy, but of a lighter green. TI The natives here ſow and plant millet,rice,

tobacco, anda ſort of plumb-trees, not un-

trees, is therefore at all times cool and freſh.

like our cherry-trees, which they call Cabo-

var; as alſo another plant, whoſe fruit is large, and in ſhape like our gourds. This fruit, tho? it has ſcarce any ſubſtance, being puffy under the rind, over a ponderous hard

ſtone, of the bigneſs of a common egg; yet

it is much valued by the Blacks, as a great

dainty, roaſted under the embers and chew'd, when they ſuck out the juice, which 1s of an orange colour. „„

The town of RuF1sco

IE by the Portugueſe call'd Rio Freſco or

> Freſh River, from the little freſh-water river running down from the inland, through the thick woods ſtanding about it; which water thus gliding along under the ſhady

The Dutch have given it the name of Viſ⸗

chers Dorp, from the great number of fiſher- men inhabiting it; the French corrupting

Kampaen clift.

the Portugueſe Rio Freſco, have turn'd it into Rufiſco

WS W. from the town is a cape, and over- againſt it, at a diſtance, a high rocky clift, encompaſs'd with dangerous ſhoals and ſands under water, by the Dutch call'd Kampaen, from Claes Kampaen, a famous rover of their nation, who firſt ventured to approach, and left it his name. However the channel be- twixt this clift and the continent is deep enough, and ſafe for any ordinary ſhip to fail through. Soon ETD

A Deſcription of the Coaſts The town of Nufiſco is all ſhelter'd behind Deſcrip- by a large thick wood, beyond which there 77927 the

are ſpacious plains as far as the eye can reach. In this wood there are abundance of

palm-trees, intermixt with much other. va-

riety of verdure; which, with the little ſand downs, lying between the town and the ſea, and the fine beach at the skirts of it, makes a curious proſpect from the ſea, eſpecially at low water, being exactly the ſame as re- preſented in the cut.

calPd Alcaide by the Portugueſe and natives; the name importing a governor to admi- niſter juſtice, who 1s aſſiſted by a Gerafo, as

his deputy. Theſe two jointly manage the

government, collect the king's cuſtoms, toll, anchorage and other duties; but there lies an appeal from their determinations toCondy, viceroy and captain-general of the king of Kayor's army; of which more hereafter.

Any ſhips may anchor in Rufiſco road in Theroad. fix or ſeven fathom water, fine ſandy ground,

about two Engliſh miles from the ſhore,

The heats are here intolerable in the day- en time, even in December, and eſpecially at bear.

noon 3 for it is then generally a dead calm at ſea, and no manner of air can come to it from

the land, by reaſon it is ſo cloſe ſhelter'd behind by the thick woods ſtanding about it. The heat is ſo ſtifling, that neither men nor

beaſts can endure it, or ſcarce breathe, eſpe- cially near the ſtrand, at low water; for there the reflection from the ſand almoſt ſcorches the face, and burns the very ſoles of the ſhoes in walking on it : and what ren-

ders ſthis the more inſupportable, is the air's

being infected with a horrid ſtench, exhaled

from a prodigious quantity of rotten ſmall

fiſh like pilchards, either ſpread abroad or buried in the ſandy downs before the town, which poiſons the breath. The reaſon of its lying there is, becauſe none of the Blacks eat any fiſh till it is thus putrefy*d. Being ama- zed to think to what end they could do this,

I was told that the ſand gives the fiſh a ſort

of nitrous flavour, which thoſe people highly admire z and according to the proverb, here is no diſputing of taſtes. CET}

The bay, by the French call'd Ia Baye iin. de France, or the French bay, * in :

ſeveral ſorts of great and ſmall and this town ſtanding quite at the bottom of it, is plentifully ſupply*d, and inhabited by abundance of fiſhermen, who daily go out ſeveral leagues in their canoes, driving a trade with what they catch in the villages up the country, as well as in their own, whereof more ſhall be ſaid in its proper place. Here is alſo a conſiderable trade of dry'd hides, but moſt of them ſmall, as being of young beaſts.

The

Boox IJ.

PLATE 2. Several of king Damel's officers generally Govern- reſide here, and have a chief over them, ment.

of Nigritia, or North-Guinea.

Plenty of The country abounds in cattle and fowl

23 theirs, who ſailing by it, was ſo ſuddenly BarBoT, ſurpriz'd with a flaw of wind, that it brought WWW. his maſts by the board, as is reported. Burt *' _ f

@ carcle. of ſeveral ſorts, eſpecially Pintado hens,

and palm-wine, which the Blacks fell at

8

eaſy rates in exchange for Sangara, that is

French brandy, by them ſo called; a li- quor they all love to exceſs. A good hand- ſome bullock may be there had for two pieces of eight in goods, or money, and a large cow for one, and ſometimes under. Here is ſuch plenty of black cattle, that TI

have often ſeen large droves come down

from the inland to refreſh themſelves in the

ſea, at low water, ſtanding in it up to the belly for ſeveral hours together about C

The French have agreed with the king of Kayor, to pay certain duties to his offi- cers, for the liberty of taking in wood and water. Each ſhip gives a ſettled quantity of goods. Beſides, they agree with the Blacks, who commonly are employ'd in felling the wood and taking up the water,

Marmol ſays, it receiv'd the name of Cabo wh

de Maſtiles, or cape maſts, from one Lan- celot, a Spaniſh commander, in former times, on account of ſome extraordinary tall and ſtrait palm-trees, he ſaw ſtanding thereabouts, which from a diſtance out at ſea look'd like maſts. To prevent any ſuch accidents from ſudden flaws, as that

above mention'd, thoſe who have occaſion

to fail this way, about the cape, coming from the land, generally ſtrike their fails

beforehand. Theſe guſts commonly pro-

ceed from the two adjacent mountains. The coaſt from this cape to Ruſiſco is clean

and deep, ſo that ſhips may ſail cloſe under the ſhore, |

PORT o CALI IE s three leagues to the ſouthward

- which they carry on their backs to the of this Cape Maſto, at a river by the boats, for which drudgery they are eafily Portugueſe call'd Rio das Pedras, or the contented with a few bottles of Sangara, or ſtony river, the coaſt between them tending brandy. | to the SE. The French have here a lodge

or factory, which has the ſuperiority over p;,e,y

bh CAMIN A, : their other lodges along the coaſt, as far as fadory. A A com- A very populous town, ſtands at ſome Gambia river. The king, or Jain, ſome- . diſtance SE. from Rufiſco. This is times reſides at this place. From this place alan independent commonwealth, lying be- to Cabo Maſto there are ſhoals along the . tween the countries of Kayor an Baool, coaſt, running out above half a 1:ague into - having always withſtood the attempts of the ſea, but there is five fathom water on . both thoſe kings, made at ſeveral times to them. To prevent any accident, we ge-

ſubdue it, by the bravery of its people, nerally keep a good offing, in failing from and their fondneſs of liberty. This town the ſaid cape to Porto d' Ali. 3 is a continual mart for hides and cloths. The anchoring here is in ſeven fathom, Generally two hides go for a bar of iron; and preuty good, having Cabo Maſto at but cryſtal beads and French brandy, are Nb W. and the remarkable palm-trees 0 generally ſtaple commodities among theſe ſtanding on the ſhore at north. Near the . People, and eſpecially thoſe of the inland beach is a rock, by the French call'd 1a ' 8 country, who reſort to the market here. Baleine, that is, the whale; which from a „ diſtance out at ſea, looks like a floating ] EMDUKURA. cask, right againſt the abovemention'd A village two leagues S E. from Camina. palm- trees. Take heed of this roc. Gimi-hemery is another village, a league Some call this Punta d' Ai, from the Several and a half farther from Emdukura. That ſmall cape to the weſtward, and perhaps 747%. | of Punto ſtands another league anda half the Portugueſe might originally call it ſo ; beyond Gimi-hemery to the ſouthward, near it might be alſo call'd Porto d Ali, that is, the little river Piſcina, ſo call'd by the Port Ali, and by the French corruptly Por- Portugueſe, from the great plenty of fiſh tudale: but this is not material. gee it breeds. Here the French factory pays duties to Duties c 3 the king of Ali, to the Alcaide, the king's Pais. | APE Mas TO Furbe, the Alcaide's interpreter, and to his LIE S next to the ſaid river Piſcina, eight boatſwain. The duty for the liberty of 5 leagues from Ruſiſco, and nine from watering is generally four bars of iron. Be- Goeree. The coaſt between this Cape Maſto ſides they pay, the Welcome, as it is here 1 and Cape Manoel, bending in, forms the call'd, to the Alcaide, to the Forbe, and = large open by facing to the ſouthward, by to the interpreter ; viz. to the Alcaide five 1 the French call'd la Baye de France, or the bars, and three to the Forbe; beſides the French bay, as was ſaid above. duty for anchorage, and that of the Capi-

The Portugueſe formerly gave this the gain de 7 erre, or commander aſhore, =

bottles of brandy among them all, with ſome bread and fiſh, The duties paid

at.

name of Cabo Maſto, from an accident fix which befel a commander of a ſhip of

3

0353538 wt

WIS » 0

ARBOT. at parting, are eighteen bars of iron, and Half a league to the ſouthward of Panta u red cloth cloak, among the ſaid three Serena, is the point calPd Punta Lugar, in = officers. They alſo pay ten hides for every the way to Juala, or Foalo, Noop's loading of any goods, and ſeveral _ by Sn other ſmall fees to inferior officers of this . Ju ALA. 33 port; and to the Blacks of the point and A N open town, ſeated on Rio de la Gra- cademan, each a bottle of brandy. cia, that is, Grace-River, which parts In this town there are ſome Portugueſe, this petty kingdom of Fuala from that of Mulattos, and trading people. It is a great Ai, or Ale. Acroſs the river's mouth is market for dry'd bullocks hides, which the bar, which remains dry at low ebb, and Product. are much larger than thoſe of Ruſiſco. To- On it is a ſpring of freſh water, This bar The bar. | bacco grows here wild without planting, Tenders the river not navigable for ſhips, the green leaves whereof the natives gather but only ſuch ſmall craft as boats, or canoes ; and chew with much ſatisfaction, tho very and even within the bar the river is ſhallow, harſh and coarſe. The country round about having generally but four foot water, For . is naturally very fertil, and were the Blacks this reaſon, great ſhips reſorting hither, ride more iuduſtrious, they might cultivate Out in the open road, in five or fix fathom plenty of many ſorts of plants. They Water, at about half a league diſtance from have tamarinds, ananas, a fruit like dates, the ſtrand, and ſmall veſlels in two fathom but ſmaller and very ſweet, of which they and a half. The inhabitants of Juala ge- make a ſort of liquor, ſomewhat inferior nerally carry paſſengers aſhore in their pin-

k , g 3 . Ha

2 9 4 — 1 5 e < dg ial ae T4 8 2 a YATES » * r 3 SEN 4 4 Koh r : TY x

Ls qd i a — 332 po Vs - 8 n Nr EI 3 CES PPE nent PP ee Es dog 1, EE Ss I 8 8 Dr, T... ec: ao HERE -— 4. _ ( 32 3 * E 8 RX 8 J bs ON SF

*

b 8 8 K * *

"RSS

3

.

e ME 3 7. 8

14 09> r * e 0 1

S ad "uh

= SE © RP p 1 — cc — * —

—_—

— — ——— — —

CO OI — — — OO. - — » E 8 _— — l v=o 4 Er . > err arent rr IS. — Os — ——— * Ky a . —— — — 7 1 voy — — —. ¶ ͤõü f — — ————_— a 1 1 9 — — 2 = — - * Peet Sr vat. IN — e — —— — — —— . De

to palm-wine; there are alſo Siby trees, naces or Canoes, = OP 5 Fg | Naniples, a fort of pear-plumb, Nompatas, About a league to the Nortkward of the Shoals and 17 11 Tambalumbas, cotton, oranges and lem- town there are ſome flats, right againſt a 79s. 1 7 mons, of theſe two laſt but few ; indigo, white point of ſand, by the French call'd | LN j call'd there Arvore de Tinto, in Portugueſe, La Pointe Blanche, or white point; but by +9 it dying trees, Cacatoes, &c. of all which the Portugueſe, Fazucho , appearing ſome- = „ mamore hereafter. 1 _. what higher than the reſt of the land about OW 11 Pleaſant Cloſe by this town is the pleaſant delight- it. On the ſouth. fide of it, three leagues EI 7 17 wood. ful wood Tapa, the ſhade of whoſe lofty out at ſea, are ſome ſhoals, calPd Baixos e = 4 trees is very advantageous for affording the Domingos Ramos; and about two leagues 9

inhabitants ſhelter againſt the exceſſive north-weſt from this, is a ridge of ſmall

heats of the ſcorching ſun. There the rocks, lying under water, and by the Por-

Porjugueſe have a more peculiar abode, =—7ugueſe call'd Baixo de Barbociom. There is great plenty of cattle all about On the ſouth fide of the town of Juala, Rivers and

this country, as well as at Ryfiſco ; and runs another ſmall river, ſuppoſed to pro- and.

particularly of kine, as appears by the ceed from that of Bor/alo, which gives

hides, which are their main trade, whereof birth to another little river, call'd Rio das

we ſhall have occaſion to ſpeak again. Oftras, or oyſter river, from the great - | : plenty of oyſters found in it by the Por- Por To Novo, zugueſe. Near to the ſaid oyſter river, the

. Wo Bans 4 * 5 ac. X 5 " g i — DDr By; TRI ppt ak 4 S e ee 0 2 N e OY . cy e ee, Ti . S * : CO BO 2 2 N * > he ==

HA is, new haven, is three leagues Portugueſe charts place the iſland Barjoani- T beyond Porto d Ali to the SE. ſtand- que, inhabited by Blacks, and it hes very ing on a bay, but has nothing remarkable. cloſets che continent,” 9 About a league and a half beyond it again, At this town of Juala, the French have Duties 5 PuntaSe- the ſame way, is Punta Serena, right before a ſettled factory, and pay the following . BY rena. which is a bank of ſand two 3 or three fa- cuſtoms and duties to the king. F ifteen thom under water: when you have brought thouſand of bugle, and eighteen Knives, | Cabo Maſto to bear NN W. and Punta Screta to the king, the Alcaide, the firſt and ſe- E S E. you are upon this bank. 7 5 cond Gerafos, the captain of the . Water The coaſt between theſe two places is and their boys. Four thouſand ditto 'to low, and all over woody, and the ſhore all the Jagarafe, and to the king's Guyriot, along beſet with ſmall villages and hamlets that is chanter, or rather buffoon, at co- of no note. ming aſhore; and to other ſmaller offi- Some will have it, that departing from cers, ſome acknowledgment in brandy or Porto d' Ali for Juala, there ought to be toys. The Portugueſe, beſides all theſe an offing kept of about three leagues and a cuſtoms, uſed to give them ſome provi-

Flats. half from the ſhore, to avoid ſome flats, ſions. 3 . which lie off the ſea-coaſt 3 but it is well There is a road made by land, betwixt 2 = known there is four fathom of water upon this town and that of Porto d Ali, running . E

thoſe flats, and ſeven fathom in the channel, from village to village along the ſea- ſide, betwixt the ſhore and the ſaid flats; and as far as Rufſco, for the conveniency of therefore others look upon this as a needleſs travellers repairing to the markets.

recaution. | P Some

2 1 LN *

5 * * 7 * * . bet #5 oY X Tp 2 . * zu . * 3 2 * * 8 N 1 LEY Caf 15 Tv SN

5 25 N Fee}

* 38 1

Cup. I.

Some leagues to the S E. of Rio das Oftras, the river Borſalo falls intos the At- lantick ocean, in the midſt of a bay, or bending in, the coaſt being about nine lagues from Juala. Some call this river Baſſangamas, like the natives; it comes down above forty leagues E N E. up the inland, beſet on each fide with many vil- lages, ſmall hamlets, and ſcattering cot- tages. The tide runs up it ten or twelve teagues ; and tho? it be ſomewhat flat and

Ba ſalo

river.

yet ſhips of conſiderable burden may fail in, there being three or four fathom of wa- ter in the channel ; but I never heard of any conſiderable trade drove there.

8

Brezalme | river. js a ſmaller; by the Blacks call'd Buzalmi, and by the French Brezalme, which tho!

forming a wide mouth to loſe itſelf in the

\ choak'd up with many banks and ſands for which reaſon the natives paſs in and out

in canoes. Beſides there is very little com- merce, bating that the Portugueſe there buy ſalt and proviſions. 8 The coaſts from the ri Gambia are low and level, adorn'd with

ſtately trees, but thinly peopled, as I ſup-

4 F.-Y 12 8 bo ox ara OR WIR . « Y i 4 _ 3 70 IP OW" RE * 7 oo ĩð r — 8 * N 7 7 85 7. FR 95 Ts - . hs * Gy % 5 ; TT - „ . AS — 5 Is oor BY

* IT; I OL BIR" e 2 1 PE ud 8 3 i r 15 N E Tong 4s 9 N. * be e OE * 2

"Ig 2 3 2 ERS. r ee en gon IS. EE RE OT:

da Barra, at the mouth of the Gambia; there are only ſome inconſiderable ones, as Rio da Sal, or falt-river, and Crike, which

4 8 N 5 8 * _ P Cord dh On ie EAT ce ee Ken inch * e, 5 de, 4 ; '; PO * — 2 255 3 2 OE MEG Ee 2 4 g « F Er . 2 as r 222 be & Io Sn TIE * 8 e a . 2 7 Bit bs > i HHS, C nn r * e *

N SHR

B erbecines properly ſo call'd, who extend Povoacao As far as the river Borſalo. Among them is de Blanco: a little colony of Portugueſe, call'd Po-

voagao dle Rrancos, ſignifying borough of

1 . Whites, in Portugueſe. This town is three ._ leagues from the village of Bar, otherwiſe

| often reſides, which I ſhall have occaſion to 5 mention more at large in another place. . This is all the account I could find to 5 give of the maritine part of Nigritia, from Cape Verde to the river Gambia, I am now to ſhow a ſketch of the inland countries, and ſhall proceed as cautiouſly as I have done along the coaſt ; returning, for the ſake of good order to the river Senega,

Arab inha · The Arabian Moors, ſuppos'd by ſome bitants. to be of the tribe of the 4zoaghes, inhabit that part of Geneboa, which borders on the

north: ſide of the river Senega, as far as Rio

dos Maringuins, that is, the river of gnats, which, as the natives inform us, comes

down from the country of Arguin, far di-

ſtant to the northward, and loſes itſelf in

the Senega. They ſuppoſe theſe Arabs ex-

oy 7 up the inland, as far as the

OL. V. : |

—

«

.

3»

of e

oe . 3

*

.

EL Ag 5 RE.

of Nigritia, or North-Guinea.

ſhallow in ſeveral parts near the mouth,

Some leagues to the SE. of this river,

ſea, is nevertheleſs not navigable, being

ver Borſalo to the

poſe, for want of good rivers; for all the way between the river Buzalmi and Punta loſe themſelves in the ocean among the

cal d Annabar, ſtanding on the north point of Gambia river, where the king of Bar

*

25 other part of Genehoa, call'd Azgar, in BarBor: their language, ſignifying marſhy grounds. from the many moraſles there are in it.

Theſe Arabs, who are a meagre tawny people, or of a ſoot colour, have no cer- tain place of abode, but wander up and down for the conveniency of finding paſture for their cattle, and in ſuch places pitch their tents for a time; having neither lords nor princes to govern them, as their neigh- bours the Blacks have, but only ſuch chiefs as they think fit to appoint for a time; one of which is Ali-Forke, reſiding on the north-

ſide of the Senega, of whom more will be {aid in its place.

Of the inland countries. T HIS kingdom has very much declin*d Kingdom from what it was in former times, both f enega.

as to extent of dominions and the number of people. The wars it has continually been ingag'd in, have conſiderably contracted its limits; for the country of Geneboa, was once a dependance on it, and therefore in thoſe days indifferently call'd Gene boa or Senega. At preſent, its greateſt extent is about forty five, or fifty leagues, along the ſea-coaſt, and but about fifteen in breadth up the inland, under the Government of the great Brak, king of the Senega negroes z Brak in the language of the country im- porting the ſovereign, as Cez/ar does the Roman emperor in Europe. Thus Adoni- bezek ſignify'd lord or king of Bezek, a nation ſubdu*d by the 17-aelites, immediately after the deceaſe of Jaſbua, according to Joſepbhus, lib. 5. c. 2. Adoni or Adonai in Hebrew ſignifying lord. 3 00 Da

The dominions of Cheyratick, otherwiſe Kingdom of call'd S:atick, king of the Foules, of which he Foules. ſome mention has been made before, ſtretch out about three hundred leagues in compaſs, ' reckoning from the country of the Fargots in the eaſt, on thè river Sexega, down about fifty leagues to the ſea-coaſt weſtward; comprehending in this ſpace, ten other ter- ritories and petty kingdoms, which are tri- butary to it, beſides that of Ali-Fouke, be-

fore ſpoken of, over whom this king claims

a ſuperiority, and ſome others on the north ſide of the Senega. The town or city Ca- melingua, alias Conde, 1s reputed the me- tropolis of this little empire, ſtanding above a hundred miles up the inland, eaſt- ward of the Senega: 4

The Foules may Be properly divided Two n4- into two different nations, the eaſtern and tions of the weſtern, inhabiting from the eaſtern !. part of the Gelofes to Ca melingua; and ſtretching from Donkan to Bociet, on the weſt to the lands of the Gelofes 3 and towards the ſouth, to thoſe of prince Wolly, and to part of the kingdom 4 Borſals.

The

26

BannorT.

Their king.

ma Kingdom of the [alofes.

both ſides of the river Bor/alo, from Gam-

A Deſcription The natives reckon their king, the moſt potent prince in all thoſe countries, as I ſhall ſhow in another place. He has the character of being very courteous and civil to the Europeans; and has ſuch regard for them, as not to ſuffer any of them to be wrong' d, or abus'd by his ſubjects. They affirm, he is able to bring forty or fifty thouſand men into the field, upon occaſion, without any difficulty, according to the method the Blacks uſe in raiſing their armies z their warlike expeditions being very ſhort, for want of laying up ſtores, and erecting azines to ſupport them long. he kingdom of the Gelofs, or Jalofes, as has been already obſerv'd, extends near a hundred leagues eaſtward, and about ſixty five, or ſeventy north and fouth, on

ba to the kingdom of Senega. Marmol calls theſe people Chelofes.

A s to the Blacks dwelling above the town

of Kayor, among the weſtern Foules, no-

thing can be faid of them, but what is re-

ported by ſome factors of the French com-

| pany, viz, That beyond Seratick, or Che-

ratick, are the countries of the Faregots, or

Fargots, and of Engueland, diſtant from

their factory above three hundred leagues,

up the river, with whom they have began

to ſettle commerce; the inhabitants no

way differing from the other Blacks below the river Senega. 5

Bad tra- velling.

of the mads hy land. T HE French in Senega travel on camels,

> horſes, or aſſes, in ſix days, from their factory on St. Lewis's iſland to Kayor, a-

mong the weſtern Foules ; but with abun-

dance of toil and danger, moſt of the way

being through vaſt thick foreſts, ſwarming with robbers and wild beaſts, without any

ſort of lodging to repair to at night.

| The road by land from Rio Freſco, or

Rufiſco, to Byburt on the Sexega, tho? partly through woods and foreſts, is nothing near ſo bad as that which leads from the factory

to the town of Kayor. This we here ſpeak of

Eutan 4 great lake.

is open, for departing from Ryfi/co, the roads ran NE, to the village Beer, about a league diſtant, From Beer to Jandos is two leagues farther, it belongs to a vaſſal of the king of Juala, and there are abundance of palm-trees. From FJandos it extends {till three leagues northward, to a lake by the natives call'd Eutan, and by the Por- tugueſe Alagoas ; that is, lakes, being four leagues in length, and half a league in breadth, from which ſeveral little rivers

run out, in the rainy ſeaſon, and it abounds

prodigiouſly in fiſh, tho? in ſummer it is almoſt dry, The bottom of the lake is all cover'd with a ſort of ſmall ſhells, by the natiyes call'd Simba, much like thoſe

of the Coaſts which the Blacks of Angola uſe inftead of

money.

Book I.

From this lake the road runs N E. to Ride by Emduto, a village, where they ſay, the 4n1iq5:7-

ancienteſt family of the inhabitants . has of courle the government of the place, and there travellers generally lie at night. There the road turns off N W. to a village, which is the uſual reſidence of the prieſts, or Marabouts, of the country round about, by the Blacks call'd Ly- cherins. . From this village the road goes on eaſt-

ward, to another village, call'd Endir,

and from this again to that of Sanyeng, where formerly ſome Portugueſe lived with their families, but are ſince remov'd to other places; yet have ſtill there two large houſes, with each of them before an ex- traordinary large calabaſh tree, in which the ſaid Portugueſe had ingeniouſly con-

_triv'da ſpacious ſummer-houſe, fram*d of $ummer-

the boughs, to divert themſelves, during e and the heat of the day. Here is alſo a well, __.

ten fathom deep, which ſupplies all the country about, with ſweet freſh water,

which taſtes as luſcious, as if it were tem-

per'd with honey. The Blacks affirm, that

«

the water of certain brooks, which are Srrang near by this place is pernicious to camels v.

and dromedaries, and yet good and whole- ſome for all other creatures.

From Sanyeng, the road leads to Mangar, the reſidence of the king of Kayor, for

ſome part of the year; and thence ſtretches on to Emboul, where the ſaid king of Kayor

has his chief Seraglio, being a ſpacious man- Seraglio. L

ſion, parted from the town by a paliflado, or hedges of reeds, and the avenues to it planted on both ſides with palm-trees, and a large plain before it, hemm'd in with trees, where the Blacks ride their horſes.

This Seraglio is the habitation of the king's

principal wives, whom they call Sagona, and no man isallow'd to come nearer to it than a hundred paces. 1 From Mangar, the road holds on ten leagues to the village Embar, the reſidence of the next ſucceſſor to the king of the country; and thence it proceeds to and

ends at Byburt, a town on the river Senega, Byhurt almoſt oppoſite to the iſland of St. Lewis. town.

At this town of Byburt are the king*s col- lectors for taxes and tolls. :

It is to beobſerv'd, that beſides the ſeve- ral places here mentioned in the account of the road from Ruſiſco or Rio Freſco to By- hurt, there are many- other ſmall villages or hamlets, ſcatter*d along the ſides of it.

Travellers are alſo to be inform'd, that ronve-

the heat here is almoſt intolerable all the niences on

year about, only ſomewhat abating during % 77d.

the months of November and December; and: that there is no ſtopping from morning till 3 night,

+ Z £ A 5 - Ws G4 = . 4 wes . : h q * * . S Rs ns, Ds 2 22 1 S . . n & wa On 2 & r 3 FA ao 93 IS 8 EY: 7 3 x CFP IS 2 8 . e N 2 N FF c SOA n e . r E 8 * 2 7 * 5 N I e 3 e eee e r e i 2 . . 2 SEM Tp FE SL IR EE: "I * 85 £ 2 + of! bs 5 wt , : * by * l $ "= * ER — PI A „ * 8 ” de *

CHAP. 2.

Hretched

958 :

And beds.

Lazy men

and leud Wonen.

Portu- gueſe fort

—

night, unlefs it be ſome little time about noon under ſome trees, to eat of ſuch proviſions as they muſt of neceſſity carry along with them on little aſſes, which are dull heav creatures, horſes being ſcarce at Nuſiſco. However, the French agents ride a horſe- back, and their ſervants on thoſe ſorry aſſes without ſaddles, which is extraordinary un- eaſy. At night they lie at ſome village, where there is no accommodation, either for man or beaſt; moſt of the native Blacks li-

ving for the moſt part on roots, for want of

corn, which is the common food in other places, theſe here being extraordinary lazy and miſerable poor. Their little houſes or huts are generally made of ſtraw, yet ſome more commodious than others, built round, without any other door but a little hole like the mouth of an oven, through which they muſt creep on all four, to get in or out; and having no light bur at that hole, and a conſtant ſmoaky fire continually being kept within, it is impoſſi- ble for any but a Black to live within them, by reaſon of the exceſſive heat from the roof, and no leſs from the floor, being a dry burn- ing ſand. Their beds are made of ſeveral ſmall ſticks, plac'd at two finger's breadth diſtance from each other, and faſtned toge- ther with ropes, the whole ſupported by ſhort wooden forks ſet up at each comer, Tis not difficult ro gueſs what eaſy ſleeping there is like to be on ſuch beds, tho! the bet- ter ſort of them ſpread a mat over theſe bed- ſteds to lie on. The men of Byburt are ſo lazy, that they will donothing ; the women manage all, even their ſmall trade, by which means they have the opportunity of being 2 leud and debauch'd with the European ailors.

At this place of Byburt are ſtill to be ſeen

the ruins of a fort, which the Portugueſe had almoſt finiſh'd in the year 1483, under the command of Peter Vas d' Acunha Biſagu- do, ſent hither expreſsly by king Jobn II. of

Portugal, with a fleet of twenty caravels,

carrying men and materials to effect it with all ſpeed. Thar king was induced to this _ undertaking by the preſſing inſtances of one Bemoy, at that time king of the country,

of Nigritia, or North- Guinea. who being ſucceſſor to Barbiram, ki of Bannor. in

the Gelofes, and expell'd by an inſurr of his ſubjects, ran afoot from hence along

y the ſea-coaſt, as far as Anguin, where he im-

bark'd for Portugal, with ſome of his fol- lowers, to beg the aſſiſtance of that king, who receiv'd him affectionately, cauſing him and all his retinue to be converted and

27

baptized with much pomp, and gave him

the name of Jobn, being himſelf godfather, and the queen godmother. This Bemoy re- turn'd to his country with the aforeſaid com- modore Acunba, and being landed, pro-

ceeded to build the fort we have mentioned

bur the place proving very unhealthy to dA. cunha and his men, whodied apace, and the ſituation being bad, becauſe of the ſtrong

cens'd, fearing his king would appoint him governour of the new fort, which would

make his life miſerable, that in a rage he Ba#baroxs murder'd the unfortunate black king Bemoy, 4.

aboard his ſhip, and return'd with the reſt of his men to Liſbon, leaving the fort half

current of the river, d' Acunha was ſo in-

built. King Jobn was highly offended at

him, both for his diſappointing the enter-

prize, and for the barbarous act of murdem ing his convert Bemoy; concerning which,

fee Vaſconcellos in the life of that king,

The road we have ſpoken of, from Ru- fiſco to the river Senega, was made for the

conveniency of trading from Goeree to the

dious and uncertain, the Freuch having found by frequent experience, that their ſhips ot ſloops often made it a voyage of a whole month, tho? the diſtance be but forty leagues

by ſea, along the coaſt, the winds and cur-

rents much obſtructing it during the moſt part of the year. : |

There is alſo a road made from Rufſeo to

Lambaye, the capital of the kingdom of Baool, being twenty leagues diſtant from

_ Camina to the eaſtward; and thence to San-

guay, three leagues farther N W. from Lam- baye, where the king of that country reſides,

Jameſil is five leagues eaſt of Lambaye, and

Borſalo town twenty eight or thirty leagues 2 ſtill, on a branch of the river Bor- 40. 5 5 |

"CHAF--:. | A more particular account of the countries known by the names of Foules and Jalotes, and the petty kingdoms lying towards the ſea- coaſt; their nature,

product, rivers, beaſts, birds, fiſhes, trees, fruits, flowers, and inſets; as alſo the climate, weather, and Tornado's orTravado's.

Diſpoſition HIS country in ſome parts is hilly

of the conun-

Wy.

and mountainous, in others flat and level, with large plajns and commons, inter- mix d with ſalt- pits, large lakes, foreſts and rivers, and abundance of meadow-· grounds almoſt every where,

The lakes and ſea afford great plenty of y about Case. 4

The foreſts harbour prodigious numbers zea/

ſeveral ſorts of fiſh, 7 Verde and Rufiſco. *

of elephants, eſpecially wood-- Aren 35 Sta

iſland of St. Lewis, which by ſea, is very te-

47

% BE, ot — os K we * 2 — ge he —

28

Bangor. which here, as well as near Gamboa, feed WYY together in Rerds, as the wild ſwine do in

ſome European countries. There are alſo lions, leopards, tygers, rhinocerots, camels, wild aſſes, wolfs, wild goats, ſtags, ounccs, panthers, antelopes, fallow deer, wild rats, wild mules, bears, rabbits, and hares; but of theſe two laſt, the moſt about Yaray and Banguiſa, two villages on the borders be-

tween Kayor and Borſalo. For cattle, there

Herd.

Red deer,

rabbits,

is an incredible multitude, much leſs in ſize than what England generally affords, which run about wild; but about the Sexega, this ſort of cattle is larger than in the other parts. Wild boars are alſo very numerous, their fleſh much whiter, and not fo well taſted as ours in Europe. The ounces are reckoned much fiercer, and more ravenous than the tygers, but at the ſame time more beautiful. EL Ber „ Fere are alſo very many apes, monkeys, and baboons, but not ſo handſome or game- ſome as thoſe of the coaſt of Guinea. There

are alſo large porcupines, in Barbary calPd

Zaita, and two ſorts or ſpecies of very ſmall tame goats, which the natives value very much for their fleſh, and are to them inſtead of ſheep. One ſort of theſe animals has a beautiful ſhining black ſkin, highly eſteem'd among the Blacks; the other ſort has long

hair about the neck. The fleſh of the fe- males is juſt tolerable, but that of the males

is dry, naught, and ſcarce eatable, by rea- ſon of the ſtrong ſuffocating ſcent, or ra- ther ſtench always attending it. |

IT muſt again ſay ſomewhat more par-

ticular as to the oxen and cows already mention'd. ' The number of them muſt be almoſt infinite, if we conſider the very many cargoes of dry hides in the hair, ſhipp*d off

every year at Senega, Goeree, Porto & Ali, and other parts, and the ſmall price they are purchas'd at; a good ox or. bullock -

yielding under two pieces of eight in Eu- ropean goods, and a large cow much leſs. The king of Baool! conſtantly keeps above

5000 of this ſort of cattel ; and every one of

the better ſort among the natives has a large herd, or drove, ſuitable to his rank and abi- lity. This prodigious quantity of cattel runs in and about the woods, feeding in herds of 3 or 400 together, led by one ſingle Black, who looks after, and drives them all back

every evening into places paliſſaded, like a

park fence. The cows are moſt miſchievous, and will run at any perſon that comes near with any thing that is red, either in clothes,

or the hands: their milk is very good and

ſweet. : TO The ſtags and hinds have little ſhort horns, bending towards the neck, like a

and hares. ram's; the fleſh of the firſt of them is extra-

ordinary ſweet and good; that of the hares and rabbits is much the ſame as in England.

A Deſcription of the Coaſts

There is alſo great plenty of fallow deer, and abundance ot dogs, cats, and civet cats ; beſides ſeveral forts of other aminals un- known to us. One ſort whereof, is remark-

ble, for that it has the body of a dog, and 4 franss the hoofs of a deer, but larger, the ſnout creature.

much like that of a mole, and feeds on ants, or piſmires; and, if we may believe the-Blacks, digs as faſt with that inout un- der ground, as a man can conveniently walk. I had one of them given me dead, which I have drawn exactly as here repre- ſented in the cut. | |

This country is alſo infeſted with ſeveral s: ſorts of venomous ſerpents, the worſt of

which is of a light-grey colour, which however does not offer to offend man, un-

leſs provok' d. Theſe often lurk at night in the cottages of the Blacks, to watch for rats and mice, which they are very fond of.

For theſe reaſons, the natives have a great veneration for them, as believing that the ſouls of their kindred departed are tranſ-

migrated into them; and therefore they

conclude, that whoſoever offers to deſtroy them, deſerves death. As ſoon as one of

rpents, |

this ſort of ſnakes has bit a Black, he pre- Superſt3-

the place, to be cured, by his charms, and

fuperſtitions. If the Marabout happens to

be from home, the perſon is nevertheleſs

cured, by touching a piece of wood, that

ently repairs to the Marabout, or prieſt of tion.

is always ſtanding upright by the prieſt's houſe, for that purpoſe. Eng

The Blacks farther pretend to ſay, they Fhing

have here ſeen a ſort of wing'd, or flying Serperrs. ſerpent, which uſes to feed on cow's milk,

fucking it at the dug, without hurting the beaſt. This ſort of ſerpent they affirm, will ſtifle a man in a few minutes. Another

fort they fay is ſo monſtrous big, as to

ſwallow a buck, or a ſtag whole.

dinary large lizards, which are good to eat ; and no fewer of the little fort, which make

their neſts in the hutts and cottages, and

are very troubleſome to the Blacks, by run-

ning continually to and fro over their faces and bodies, as they lie aſleep, in the night,

and fouling on them,

Here is alſo abundance of ſeveral ſorts of Bird:.

birds and fowl, One of the fineſt ſort are

the parrots, but more eſpecially the par- Tarrots.

rokeets, being no bigger than an European

lark, ſome all over green, others with a grey head, the belly yellow, the wings green,

the back, part yellow and part green, and a very long tail; but theſe ſeldom or never talk, though ever ſo well taught, having only a pretty ſweet cry or tone. An- other ſort are of an aſh-colour about the neck, and yellow . or green about the

body; and theſe do much miſchief in the "The

corn fields. f

3

There is a prodigious number of extraor- Lizard:.

. 2 IJ N. x It . oh” 1 1 x 3 * q ” * + * 44 | - 3, * 314 1 = Abs 2» _— 5 . * 7 1 * 7 1 9 l * 4 1 1 . 5 * x : £7 9 r PS, - 5 F p 2 * : 0 - 2 a '£

Cabo Verdo Camel

FR, 009, - ”- 114M, Fs

t l 1 14

* i.,

o — wy ” — 8 - = —

- hd — . —— — Pr KA . _— — Xa 2 — ned

———————-

* 1 14) : , _— , TT N i WAR =? I 7 it 4

S * 1 0 5 | %% fr 1 þ bak A. „„ / .

„„ h : 1 CBT x * "\ * 15 h \\ 11 %

P 7 nd i a 1 441

> 4, £51, a 2. — 1 "0 _ FL e. | I: * 1 ,4,/ . 14 26

— — —— - p = — — 2 5 — a — IM — 2 2 — — * 444 «sf 2 | AN " IAA” 5 2 2 ” — erer 77 2 4 ACT | * 74 2 D 5 72 4 * RY 't hs 7 , 7 * 7e 7 7 P 7 * - 2 A 2 ., 7 „. ” - P 1000 491 Md, 0 N — A $% ies FAT , . » * # 8. - 5 952225 7 1 - - „* 14 221% ELANTRA e > * 06, ov goto Fo ti109095 #4 fr 17. 47 d „„ £0 I — . 3 „. 8 ty * L „ent 4.9 8

One of the Sealer 0 a All. taken at Cabo Verdo drawn of < Natural Bignes

77

r ,,,

fs 2 *

— V Q TJ =W wy =» = =o — W —

8 772 4

/

—

——— — 33232355

— — - — * —— — ——— a — —

T 1 n — — — 962 — S | | - * ERR 5 — TY — K — — — | | ASS == — — — <4 v8 a- — 2 a S 2 . — _ * * 3 % - : — 2 hes ths —_—— * — - n . _ D : | — — 88 |

a

—— _— > — — —— — r

—

U UU— — — 7 I . — L062 - — — æj— —— — CEOS 2

Cocks and Hens.

Pintadac.

The poultry, both cocks and hens, are ex- traordinary ſmall, and perch on the trees, like other birds; their fleſh very ſweet. The Pintada hens, which are alſo very mall, have a delicious taſte, eſpecially the young ones. Their feathers are of a dark ah colour, all over full of ſmall white ſpecks, fo regular and uniform, that they excced many ſmall birds in beauty. The cocks have a fine riſing, or tuft on the crown, like a comb, of the colour of a dry walnut-ſhell, and very hard. They have a ſmall red gill, on each fide of the head, like ears, ſtrutting out downwards; but the hens have none. They are ſo ſtrong, that

it is very hard to hold them, and ver

bold withal. They ſeldom have long tails, except thoſe that fly much, when the tail is of uſe to them, ſerving as a rudder to

help them in turning. Their beaks are thick

and ftrong, their claws long and ſharp :

They feed on worms, and rake up the earth to come at them, or elſe on graſhoppers, which are very numerous, Their fleſh is tender and ſweet, in moſt of them white, yet ſome have it black, and are taken by dogs running them down, being kept ſome- times 2 or 300 in a flock. They alſo