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210 Engelmann and Gray,
ART. XV. — PLANTS LINDHEIMERIANTE ; AN ENUMERATION OP THE PLANTS COLLECTED IN TEXAS, AND DISTRIBUTED TO SUBSCRIBERS, BY F. LINDHEIMER, WITH REMARKS, AND DE- SCRIPTIONS OP NEW SPECIES, &c. By Geohce Engelmann and Asa Gray.
Mr. Lindheimer's plan for exploring the botany of Texas, and preparing specimens of dried plants for distribution, was announced in Silliman's Journal for July, 1843. The collec- tion of that season, owing to various misfortunes, having been much smaller than was anticipated, it was thought best to defer its distribution until that for the year 1844 should come to hand. A part of the second collection was lost in the course of transmission to St. Louis ; those which were received in sufficient quantity for distribution extend the number to 318. Mr. Lindheimer is now entering upon an unexplored field west of the Colorado River, and we may confidently expect that a rich harvest of peculiar plants will reward his efforts during the present season. This collection will be assorted and distributed without delay, and our ac- count of them duly published in the pages of this journal.
The collection of 1843 was made on Galveston Island, around Houston, on the Brazos, &c. The series commences with some species of Ranunculus^ allied to R. pim/Zws, which, having been long since distinguished by Dr. Engel- mann, and communicated to various botjmsts under the following names, the characters as assignedf.&y him are here given. ' j
1. Ranunculus Texensis (Engel. MSS.) : caule erecto ramosissimo basi hispido; foliis petiolatis, inferioribus ovatis subcordatis denticulatis, superioribus lineari-lanceolatis, basi petiolorum membranaceo-dilatata bracteisque ciliatis ; petalis 5 oblongis sepala ovata obtusa longe superantibus ; staminibus plurimis ; carpellis subglobosis acutis minutim tuberculosis in capitulum globosum congestis. — Margin of ponds, &c. near
Plant a Lindheimeriance. 211
Houston. April. A span to a foot high, with conspicuous bright yellow petals.
2. R. trachyspermus (Engel. MSS.) : caule ramoso gla- bro ; foliis petiolatis, inferioribus plerumque orbiculato-ovatis obtusis subintegris, superioribus lanceolatis lineari-lanceola- tisve denticulatis, basi petiolorum membranaceo-dilatata brac- teisque subciliatis ; sepalis 3-4 ovatis reflexis petala 3-5 minima lineari-spathulata superantibus ; staminibus 5-10 ; carpellis compressis obtusis undique tuberculosis in capitulum oblongum seu cylindricum congestis. — Margin of ponds near Houston, &c. April, May.
3. R. TRACHYSPERMUS, /3 ANGUSTIFOLIUS (Engel. MSS.) '.
foliis omnibus lanceolatis lineari-lanceolatisve ; — and y ? (an spec. ?) Lindheimeri (Engel. MSS.) : foliis inferioribus ovatis ; sepalis 3-5 ovatis obtusis patentibus petala 3 lineari- spathulata oequantibus ; carpellis compressis obtusiusculis tu- berculosis in capitulum globosum congestis. — Near Houston, &c. but not growing together with No. 2.
4. Clematis cylindrica, Sims. A narrow-leaved variety ; the herbaceous stem beginning to flower in April, when only a foot or so in height. Houston.
5. C. reticulata, Walt. Houston. June.
6. Anemone Caroliniana, Walt. Prairies, Houston. Feb- ruary, March.
7. Cocculus Carolinus, EtC. Houston. June.
8. Streptanthus hyacinthoides, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3516. West of the Brazos. July.
9. Cristatilla erosa, Nutt.; Torr. fy Gr. Fl. I. p. 123. Sandy prairies on the Brazos. August.
10. Cleomella Mexicana, DC. High prairies west of the Houston. April, August.
11. POLYGALA LEPTOCAULIS, Toi'T. fy Gr. Fl. I. p. 130.
West of the Brazos. August. — More or less branched. Capsules ovate, with glands along the dissepiment on the face of the valves.
12. P. incarnata, Linn. Houston. April.
212 Engelmann and Gray,
13. Krameria lanceolata, Torr. in Ann. Lye. New York, II. p. 168. The root of Krameria lanceolata is ligne- ous, 2 to 3 lines thick, and very long, of a dark red color, and has the same chemical and medicinal properties as the South American Ratanha, (root of K. triandra, R. fy P.) As the plant appears to be common in some parts of Texas, it might become valuable for collection and export.1
14. Drosera brevifolia, Pursh. Galveston Island. April.
15. Helianthemum capitatum, Nutt. (ex Torr. fy Gr. Fl. I. p. 151.) H. polifolium, Torr. fy Gr. I. c, which name is preoccupied in the genus. The clusters are seldom capitate. May.
16. Lechea Drummondii, Torr. &/• Gr. Fl. I. p. 154. With the preceding.
17. Hypericum gymnanthum (n. sp.) : annuum, caule sim- plici vel superne ramoso erecto quadrangulari ; foliis e basi cordata ovatis ovati-oblongisve amplexicaulibus 5-7-nerviis pellucido-punctatis ; cyma dichotoma pedunculata strictius- cula laxiflora aphylla, nempe foliis floralibus in bracteis parvis lanceolato-subulatis diminutis ; floribus pedicellatis ; sepalis lanceolatis acutis petala superantibus ; staminibus 10-12 ;
1 Professor A. Braun, after examining the flowers of species of this genus, has suggested that the natural affinity of Krameria is with Leguminosce, rather than with Polygalacece. And, indeed, at least in this species, the two lateral glandu- lous petals cover in aestivation the stamens ; they cannot therefore belong to an interior circle, as Bentham supposes. The ovary is one-carpellary (against the type of Polygalacece) and irregularly one-sided, like the ovary of Leguminosce; it is imperfectly bilocular, hy the inflection of the placenta, as in some Leguminosce ; but in both cases are the cells always side by side ; on the contrary, in Polygalacece one is before the other. Krameria may, then, be considered a pentandrous Legu- minosa, where one or two stamina are abortive. In K. lanceolata, it is the lowest stamen, opposite the three connected petals, which is wanting; but, in some flowers, a sterile filament occupies this place; it corresponds with the free 10th stamen of most papilionaceous flowers, as the four others, which are united in K. lanceolata, are analogous to the tube of nine connected filaments. The lateral sessile petals correspond with the carina, and the three others, whose claws are connected, with the alaj and carina ; the five sepals alternate with them, as the stamens alternate with the petals. The fruit resembles somewhat the indehiscent spiny legume of an Onobrychis; and, in all the specimens we have examined, it is one-seeded when ripe. Engel. MSS.
Plants Lindheimeriana. 213
capsula ovato-conica calycem vix superante uniloculari; se- minibus flavis longitudinaliter costatis. — Clayey soil in pine woods near Houston. June. Also in Louisiana, Arkansas, &c. not uncommon. This is the plant mentioned in Torr. fy Gr. Fl. N. Amer. under H. mutilum. It appears so different from the ordinary form of that species, that we are obliged to separate it. It varies from 6 to 20 inches in height.
18. Paronychia Drummondii, Torr. fy Gr. Fl. I. p. 170. July.
19. P. setacea, Torr. fy Gr. I. c. West of the Brazos, with the preceding, &,c.
20. Silene Antirrhina, Linn. var. subglabra ; and
21. var. l#:vigata; the leaves smooth, and with smooth margins. Galveston.
22. Linum Berendieri, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3480. Sandy downs of Galveston Island. April, May. Perennial? No doubt distinct from L. rigidum. Styles connate above the middle. The name should, if we mistake not, be L. Ber- landieri.
23. Xanthoxylum Carolinianum, Lam. "Pepper-tree, Toothache-lree." March.
24. Sida Lindheimeri (w. sp.) : annua? puberula; caule erecto ramoso ; foliis linearibus vel oblongo-linearibus serratis basi subcordatis ; stipulis lanceolato-setaceis petiolum sub- eequantibus ; pedunculis folium demum sequantibus ; carpellis 10-12 reticulato-rugosis, apice breviter birostratis extus pu- bescentibus et angulo interno in dentem subuncinatum brevem introrsum productis. — Prairies east of the Brazos. June to August. (Also collected in Louisiana by Dr. Carpenter.) About 2 feet high ; the leaves 1-2 inches long, and 2-4 lines wide. Peduncles articulated about three-fourths of an inch below the fruit. Flowers (the yellow corolla an inch or more in diameter) and fruit larger than in S. rhombifolia, from which the carpels of the present species differ by their shorter and blunter horns, reticulated sides, and by the tooth project-
214 Engelmann and Gray,
ing from the internal angle at the summit. S. Elliottii has narrower leaves, shorter peduncles, and about 9 orbicular car- pels, which are only slightly bimucronate.
25. Malvaviscus Drummondii, Torr. &f Gr. Fl. I. p. 230. Wet places, Houston. August. Leaves 4 or 5 inches in breadth. This proves to be a very ornamental plant in culti- vation.
26. Vitis bipinnata, Torr. &f Gr. Prairies, Houston. June.
27. Vicia Ludoviciana, Nutt. Galveston and Houston. April.
28. Vigna glabra. Savi ? Thickets, Houston, &c. June, July. — The plant is hirsute, but the leaves are almost glabrous when old ; the flowers hardly larger than those of the garden bean ; the vexillum pale yellow, the carina deep yellow. Legume compressed, somewhat torulose, black, hirsute with whitish hairs ; the seed black, with a white hilum. The leaflets are broadly oval ; but there is a variety P angustifolia, which has lanceolate or linear-lanceolate leaves. Near brackish water on the coast of Galveston Bay. July.
29. Rhynchosia minima, DC; Torr. fy Gr. Fl. I. p. 687. Houston. September.
30. R. menispermoidea, DC. With the preceding, in hard, clayey soil.
31. Daubentonia longifolia, DC. Houston. August.
32. Tephrosia onobrychoides, Nutt. A variety with silvery pubescence, and somewhat persistent stipules. Flow- ers white, soon turning to pale scarlet; the vexillum green in the middle. Prairies from Houston to the Brazos. April, August.
33. T. Virginiana, Pers., and
34. Indigofera leptosepala, Nutt. Houston and the Brazos. June, July.
35. PSORALEA RHOMBIFOL1A, ToTT. fy Gr. Fl. I. p. 303.
Sandy places, Galveston Island, May. (Also collected by Dr.
PlantcB Lindheimeriance. 215
Wright.) Stems diffuse, decumbent, from a filiform, often tuberiferous root. Leaflets of the lower leaves orbicular, of the upper rhombic-ovate and mostly acute. Peduncles in our specimens commonly shorter than the leaves. Legume mem- branous, suborbicular, rostrate, transversely dehiscent ; the upper part strigose-pubescent, the lower glabrous and some- what rugose. Seeds orbicular, compressed. The singular transverse dehiscence of the pod appears to confirm the opinion that Psoralea belongs to the tribe Hedysareae.
36. P. obtusiloba, Torr. 8f Gr. I. c. Dry prairies east of the Brazos, flowering early in the season. Legumes glandular. The allied, but distinct, P. floribunda is wrongly described as " canescent but not glandular," whereas the plant is gen- erally glandular, often very much so.
37. Amorpha paniculata, Torr. fy Gr. Fl. I. p. 306. Thickets, Galveston Bay, and west of the Brazos. June, July. A stately plant, 6 to 9 feet high, the long spikes clustered in ample panicles.
38. A. glabra, Desf. ; DC.prodr. 2. p. 256. Wet prairies, Houston, &c.
39. Dalea aurea, Nutt. West of the Brazos. June to August.
40. Petalostemon obovatum, Torr. &f Gr. Fl. I. p. 310. Brazos. August.
41. P. PHLEOIDES (9 MICROPHYLLUM, Tort. &f Gr. I. C.
Sandy elevations in the prairies west of the Brazos. July.
42. P. violaceum, Michx. : a pubescent variety.
43. P. multiflorum, Nutt. On the Brazos. August.
44. Trifolium reflexum, Linn. Galveston. May.
45. Astragalus Nuttallianus § trichocarpus, Torr. &/• Gr. Fl. I. p. 334. Coast of Galveston Island, on soil com- posed of fragments of shells ; while A. Nuttallianus is found in prairies in the interior of the island. The present variety, if such it be, has rather shorter as well as hairy pods, with usually 7-8 seeds in each cell, while in the true A. Nuttalli- anus there are commonly 10-12.
216 Engelmann and Gray,
46. A. leptocarpus, Torr. fy Gr. I. c. April, with the preceding.
47. Mimosa strigillosa, Torr. fy Gr. Fl. I. p. 399. Tet- ramerous, octandrous. Hard clayey soil. April, June. — We have this plant in cultivation. The foliage is nearly as sensi- tive to the touch as M. pudica.
48. Neptunia lutea, Benth. in Hook. Jour. Bot. IV. p. 356. Acacia lutea, Leav. ; Torr. &/• Gr. I. c. Moist prairies, April — June.
49. Acacia hirta, Nutt. in Torr. &/• Gr. 1. c. ; and
50. § glabrior. Dry, open woods around Houston ; May, June, and frequently flowering again in September.
51. Acacia Farnesiana, Willd. ; Benth. Nearly the only shrub on Galveston Island, where it attains the height of 6 or 7 feet, and forms considerable thickets. Its odorous flowers are produced in April or May. Certainly indigenous to Texas, and probably also to Florida.
52. Lythrum alatum, var. y, Torr. fy Gr. Fl. I. p. 482. " L. foliosum, n. sp." Engel. 3ISS. (who has noticed two states, viz., 1. stamineum ; filaments as long as the darker colored petals, the style not exceeding the calyx, and the ovary frequently sterile ? 2. stylosum ; filaments as long as the calyx only, the style as long as the apparently smaller and paler petals, or longer.) But, if a distinct species, it will fall under L. lanceolatum, Ell.
53. CEnothera Drummondii, Hook. Downs of Galveston. April, May ; also in the autumn.
54. CE. linifoua, Nutt. Galveston Island.
55. CE. speciosa, Nutt. Houston. April, May.
56. CE. rhombipetala, Nutt. in Torr. &/■ Gr. Fl. I. p. 493. This handsome species, so remarkable for its acute or acumi- nate petals, has been cultivated in the botanic garden of Har- vard University from seeds received from Mr. Lindheimer. His specimens have broader leaves and petals than those from Arkansas ; the upper leaves ovate-lanceolate, closely sessile and somewhat cordate. The pods are cylindrical-prismatic, some-
Plants Lindheimeriance. 217
what hairy and often incurved, (ffi. bifrons, Don, has rounded petals.) Galveston to the Brazos. June, July.
57. Ludwigia hirtella, Raf. ; Torr. &f Gr. I. c. Houston.
58. L. linearis, var. puberula : caule ramosissimo angu- lato foliisque junioribus minutim puberulis ; lobis calycis tri- angulari-lanceolatis acuminatis tubum sequantibus capsula elongato-turbinata subpedicillata dimidio brevioribus ; petalis flavis conspicuis. — Prairies and road-sides, Houston. June, September. Also in Alabama, Louisiana, &c. ; these char- acters gradually shading away into the ordinary L. linearis, in its branching forms, so that we cannot consider it as a dis- tinct species.
59. JuSSIiEA DECURRENS, DC. Houston, &C.
60. Gaura sinuata, Nutt. Steep river-banks, &c, west of the Brazos. August.
61. Gaura Lindheimeri (n. sp.) : perennis, erecta, vir- gato-ramosa, strigoso-pubescens vel hirsuta ; foliis infimis spathulatis lyrato-pinnatifidis sinuatisve, caulinis sessilibus lan- ceolatis acutis sinuato-dentatis vel undulatis, supremis plerum- que integris ; bracteis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis scariosis caducis ; calycis tubo ovarium sessile aequante segmentis (in alabastro hirsutis) multo breviore ; petalis 4 spathulato-rhom- boideis breviter unguiculatis subadscendentibus staminibus 8 styloque deflexis paulo brevioribus ; nuce tetraquetra circum- scriptione ovali utrinque acuta, faciebus usque ad medium carinato-costatis fere laevigatis. — Prairies from Houston to the Brazos, flowering from April to May, and through the summer. In the botanic garden of Harvard University, where it is cul- tivated from seeds collected by Mr. Lindheimer, it also flowers through the whole summer, and proves to be a very showy and elegant species. It attains the height of from 3 to 6 feet, and its copious racemose branches produce a long succession of blossoms which are of a large size for this genus. The petals, which are often three-fourths of an inch long, are pure white changing to rose color ; the calyx is reddish. Flowers always tetramerous and octandrous. This is probably the
vol. v. 15
218 Engelmann and Gray,
same as the Texan plant referred by Spach to G. tripetala, Cav. ; but it does not agree with the figure of Cavanilles, nor exhibit any trimerous flowers.
62. Eryngium coronatum, Torr. $• Gr. Fl. I. p. 604. Bottom woodlands on the Brazos. August.
63. Cynosciadium pinnatum, DC. p? pumilum. Differs from the larger and erect form (which is usually a foot or two in height.) in its low and diffuse stems, its umbellets with only four or five rays, and few or no involucral leaves. Prairies, Galveston. April, May.
64. Leptocaulis echinatus, Nutt. Galveston Island.
65. Discopleura capillacea, DC. Galveston. May.
66. Spermacoce glabra, Michx. Near Houston. Sept.
67. Mitreola petiolata, Torr. &f Gr. Swampy thickets west of Houston.
68. PoLYPREMUM PROCUMBENS, Liilll. Houston. June.
69. Hedyotis Bosch, DC. Houston. May and June.
70. Vernonia angustifolia, var. y Torr. &f Gr. Wet prairies west of the Brazos. July.
71. Liatris elegans, Willd. Houston to the Brazos.
72. L. acidota. =. L. mucronata, Torr. &,- Gr. Fl. II. p. 70, non DC. Houston to the Brazos, in wet praries. Au- gust, September. In the Flora of North America, this species, which is apparently common in Western Louisiana and Texas, was hesitatingly referred to L. mucronata, DC, from the character of which it differs in some respects, principally in the form of the involucral scales. But among Lindheimer's plants, some specimens of what is no doubt the true L. mu- cronata, DC. occur, (which have been distributed in some sets, probably mixed with L. acidota,) and which render it clear that the present is a different, although very nearly allied species. We have accordingly given a new name. The diagnosis may be expressed as follows ; the habit, foliage, &c. being nearly the same in both ; and the involucral scales more or less ciliate when young.
L. mucronata : capitulis in spicam strictam arete digestis ;
Plants Lindheimeriana. 219
invol. squamis ovalibus obtusis abrupte mucronatis ; pappo plumoso achaenio pubescente vix longiore ; caudice globoso.
Capitula (3-5 flora) et flores magnitudinis illorum L. tenui-
fiorcE. Texas, Berlandier, Lindheimer ; near Houston, and near the mouth of the Brazos.
L. acidota : capitulis in spicam strictiusculam saepius elon- gatam digestis ; invol. squamis oblongo-lanceolatis (extimis tantum ovatis) purpurascentibus, sensim acuminato-cuspidatis ; pappo plumoso achaenio puberulo subglabrove longiore ; cau- dice perpendiculari incrassato e cormo globoso. — Capitula (saepius 3-flora) squamae floresque iisdem L. mucronatce duplo majora. Western Louisiana, Hale. Texas, Drumrnond, Lindheimer.
73. L. acidota, /3 vernalis : caulibus humilibus (spi- tham. — pedal.) multicipitibus ; spicis brevibus laxiusculis ; ca- pitulis saepius 4-5-floris. — Wet, sandy prairies, near Houston. April, May.
74. L. pycnostachya, Michx. Houston to the Brazos. August.
75. Eupatorium rotundifolium, Linn. Houston. Aug.
76. E. incarnatum, Walt. Thickets near Houston. Sep- tember— October. (This delicate species, which is quite rare in herbaria, grows abundantly on the rocky banks of the French Broad River, North Carolina, about ten miles below Asheville.)
77. Mikania scandens, Willd. Houston, &c.
78. Aster phyllolepis, Torr. fy Gr. Fl. II. p. 113. Prairies, Houston. June — October.
79. Erigeron scaposum, DC. Quicksands of the downs of Galveston Island. April, and continuing to flower until October.
80. Gutierrezia Texana, Torr. . fy Gr. Fl. II. p. 194. Dry, barren soil, Houston. September — October.
81. Solidago nitida, Torr. &f Gi'. I. c. Prairies on Chocolate Bayou, 50 miles south of Houston. September, October.
220 Englemann and Gray,
82. S. tenuifolia, Pursh. Wet prairies. October.
83. S. leptocephala, Torr. &f Gr. I. c. Wet prairies, Houston. September. — We have two forms; one with broader leaves and larger heads, bearing about 5 disk and 11 ray-flowers ; another, with narrower leaves and smaller heads, which have about 3 disk and 10 ray-flowers.
84. S. Boottii, Hook. ; Torr. &/■ Gr. I. c. Houston. July — September.
85. S. tortifolia, Ell. With the preceding.
86. BlGELOVIA NUDATA, /3 V1RGATA, ToTT. fy Gr. I. C.
Prairies on Chocolate Bayou. September.
87. Bradburia hirtella, Tori', fy Gr. Fl. II. p. 250. Prairies, in hard, clayey soil, west of the Brazos. July, Au- gust. — The flowers of this very interesting and pretty plant are certainly yellow (a point which could not be positively determined from Drummond's specimens,) and the genus was therefore rightly placed in the homochromous series.
88. Heterotheca scabra, DC. Houston, &c. July.
89. Chrysopsis graminifolia, Nutt. ; and
90. C. pilosa, Nutt. Houston, &c.
91. Ambrosia coronopifolia, Torr. fy Gr. 1. c. Sub- saline prairies, Galveston Bay, &c. July.
92. Berlandiera tomentosa, (3 dealbata, Torr. fy Gr. I. c. Sandy prairies west of the Brazos. June.
93. Zinnia multiflora, Linn. With the preceding.
94. Echinacea angustifolia, DC. Pine woods near Houston. April, May. The slender and original form of this species, which varies much as does E. purpurea. The peduncles are scarcely incrassated at the summit, the head hemispherical, with 8 to 13 narrow, rose-colored rays. The northern form, (E. sanguined, Nutt.) is a much stouter plant, the peduncle much thickened at the summit, the head twice the size, and at length conical, with 12 to 16 dark red rays. Both forms are quite variable.
95. RUDBECKIA ALISMiEFOLIA, T07T. fy Gl\ I. C. Houston
to the Brazos.
Plantee Lindheimeriana;. 221
96. Helianthus cucumerifolius, Torr. fy Gr. Fl. IT. p. 319. Sandy soil, west of the Brazos. July, August. The mottled stems, with the leaves all cordate and coarsely toothed, and the narrow involucral scales quite reflexed and tapering gradually into long subulate points, are uniform in all the speci- mens. The foliage is deep green.
97. H. PRiECOx (n. sp.) : annuus vel biennis ; caule his- pido ramoso ; foliis alternis longe petiolatis (subcinereis) leviter serratis deltoideo-ovatis in petiolum abrupte attenuatis, infimis tantum cordatis ; pedunculis elongatis monocephalis ; involucri foliolis lanceolatis, subulato-acuminatis discum vix superanti- bus ; corolla fl. disci atro-purpurea gracili ; achenio piloso ; paleis pappi lanceolatis puberulis. — In loose sandy soil im- pregnated with salt, Galveston Island. April and May ; in cultivation flowering from June to October. Plant lg-2§ feet high ; the heads about as large as in H. cucumerifolius, to which it is nearly allied ; but from which it is constantly dis- tinguished by its smaller size, the slightly toothed and seldom cordate leaves, the broader and more abruptly pointed in- volucral scales, the slender disk-corollas, the nearly flat (instead of hemispherical) disk in fruit, &c, &c.
98. H. OCCIDENTALIS (] PLANTAGINEUS, ToTT. &f Gr. I. C.
Bottom lands, south of Houston. August, September.
99. H. rigidus, Desf. Fertile prairies. June — August.
100. H. angustifolius, Ivi/m. Wet prairies. June — Aug.
101. Coreopsis Drummondii, Torr. fy Gr. I. c. Sandy downs of Galveston Island. May — October.
102. C. tinctoria, Nutt. Prairies on Galveston Island.
103. Gaillardia pict a, Don. Galveston Island, on a soil formed of fragments of shells. May.
104. G. amblyodon, Gay. In sandy or gravelly soil, west of the Brazos. May — July. This species is equally showy with the preceding in cultivation : the copious rays are deep reddish-flame-color, with brown-purple at the base, and under- neath.
105. G. lanceolata, Michx. Galveston Island, &c.
222 Engelmann and Gray,
106. Palafoxia Texana, DC. Wet prairies, Houston. August. Annual, as is P. Hookeriana also.
107. Hymenopappus artemisijefolius, DC. Open oak woods, &c. ; west of Houston, &c. ; flowering from March to September. Radical leaves very variable.
108. Helenium tenuifolium, JSutt, Open woods. Sep- tember.
109. Leptopoda brachypoda, /S (purpurea.) Torr. fy Gr. Fl. II. p. 388. May.
110. Marshallia cjespitosa, Nutt. Dry prairies, Hous- ton, &c. The specific name is singularly inappropriate, at least as applied to the Texan plant ; for the stems are single, scattered, and not at all ccespitose. The lowest leaves are often lanceolate-oblong or spatulate.
111. Egletes Arkansana, Nutt.; Torr. ^ Gr. Fl. II. p. 411. (E. Texana, En gel. MSS., but agrees very well with the original Arkansan plant. A. Gr.) Downs of Galveston Island, April, May, and also in November, when it has very diffuse and decumbent stems, somewhat woody at the base ; but the plant is surely annual. After flowering, the tube of the corolla of the outer disk-flowers, as well as those of the ray, become enlarged and corky at the base ; and the inner part of the disk is sterile. It is quite a handsome plant in cultivation. The numerous rays are pure white above, and usually marked with pink underneath.
112. Gnaphalium purpureusi, Eiixn. var. (G. spicatum, Lam. ?) April.
113. Cirsium Virgini anum, Michx. Open woods. March to May.
114. Centaurea Americana, Nutt. Moist fertile prairies, Houston. July.
115. Pyrrhopappus Carolinianus, DC. Dry prairies. May, June.
116. Lobelia glandulosa, Walt. Wet prairies and woods. September. A more or less scabrous form : bracts lanceolate from a broad base ; the sinuses of the calyx very slightly re-
Plant ce Lindheimeriance. 223
flexed. The specimens collected in shady places are less rough ; the tube of the calyx is either hispid or nearly glabrous.
117. Vaccinium arboreum, Marsh. Woods. April.
118. Asclepias paupercula, Michx. Swamps near the coast. Stem 4-6 feet high. Root tuberous. June.
119. Seutera maritima, Reichenb., Decaisne. (Lyonia, Ell.) Wet, saline prairies, Galveston, &c. May.
120. Sabbatia campestris, Nutt. Contrib. Fl. Arkans. &/-c. Flowers April to May, and again in August and Sep- tember ; in dry prairies.
121. S. calycosa, Pursh : a variety with rather longer calyx lobes than usual. Shady margins of streams near Hous- ton. May, June.
122. Gilia coronopifoli a, Pers. ; Benth.in DC. Prodr. VIII. p. 313. Dry prairies and open woods. June, July.
123. Cuscuta neuropetala, Etigel. in Sill. Jour. XLV. p. 75. (3 minor. A smaller, earlier flowering form, growing in drier places, mostly on Petalostemon multiflorum, but also on Liatris, and even on Euphorbia corolla ta. It approaches C. hispidula so much that, not improbably, further investi- gation of living plants may prove both to be only varieties of a single species, for which the name of C. porphyro stigma would be most appropriate, as all the forms that would belong to it, are distinguished from every other known North Amer- ican species by the purplish-brown stigmas. Another remark- able variety is :
124. C. neuropetala, Engel. y littoralis : cymis pani- culatis ; floribus majoribus pedunculatis ; tubo corollae late campanulato calycis segmenta late ovata acutiuscula subcari- nata et lacinias limbi enervias ovatas abrupte acuminatas crenulatas patentes subasquante ; squamis tubum suboequanti- bus. — Seashore of Galveston Island, on Lycium Carolinianum, Borrichia frutescens, Iva frutescens, &c. Flowers in May. Dif- ferent from the inland form by the much larger, more openly campanulate flowers, expanding in spring ; by the hardly cari- nate, broader, and not so acute sepals, and the broad lobes of the
224 Engelmann and Gray,
corolla, which are rarely somewhat nerved ; stigmata also pur- ple, and anthers purple or yellow. (En gel.}
125. C. cuspidata (Engel. n. sp.) : caule filiformi ramosis- simo ; floribus pedunculitis in cymas laxas bracteosas disposi- tis 5-fidis ; tubo corolloe cylindrico sepala usque ad basin libera ovata concava (exteriora cuspidata) et lacinias limbi ovatas acutiusculas uninervias erectas s. patentes superante ; staminibus limbo brevioribus ; squamis ovatis firnbriatis tubum suboequantibus ; stylis filiformibus ovario (minuto) globoso pluries longioribus ; capsula globosa corolla marcescente ob- tecta. — Var. «. pratensis : floribus minoribus; calyce bracteis paucis involucrato ; tubo corollse subcylindrico calycis et co- rolla segmentibus paulo longiore ; staminibus limbi laciniis ova- tis acutiusculis duplo brevioribus ; stylis ovarium parvum duplo superantibus. — Dry prairies west of the Brazos, on Tephrosia, Bradburia, Ambrosia, &c. June. — Var. [3. humida : floribus majoribus ; calyce bracteis pluribus involucrato ; tubo corollee infundibuliformi calycis et corollas segmenta duplo superante ; staminibus laciniis limbi lanceolatis acutis paulo brevioribus ; stylis ovarium minutum quater superantibus. Bottom lands of the Colorado, on Iva ciliata, Ambrosia trifida, &c. August, 1844, (No. 276, infra.) — A remarkable species. The stems are very much branched, filiform ; inflorescence loose panicu- late, pedicels with many cuspidate bracts, some of them sur- rounding the calyx like an involucrum, similar in shape but smaller than the sepals ; sepals somewhat lacerate or crenu- late, ovate, carinate, (the carina less distinct in the var. /3,) cuspidate, interior ones rather obtuse, all concave, loosely im- bricated. Lobes of corolla thin membranaceous, with a strong middle nerve, formed by large oblong or linear cells ; when dry, convolute ; the exterior ones generally somewhat cuspi- date, the interior ones obtuse ; at the base the lobes are dilated and cover one another, more than in any other North Ameri- can species. Styles remarkably slender and long, about the length of the stamens, but elongated after flowering, when the corolla assumes an urceolate shape, and finally covers like a
Planta Lindheimeriance. 225
hood the upper part of the globose capsule. — It appears to be an intermediate form between Cuscuta proper and Lepi- danche. The var. § has larger and thinner flowers, of paler color, and the lobes of the corolla lanceolate and acute. Engel.
126. C. pentagona, § calycina, Engel. Wet prairies. June.
127. C. verrucosa, Engel. I. c. Dry prairies. July.1
1 An undescribed North American species, collected in the A lleghanies of Vir- ginia and North Carolina by Dr. Gray and Mr. Sullivant, in the autumn of 1843, is here appended. (This was named G. oxycarpa, n. sp. ; but, just as these sheets are going to press, Dr. Engelmann writes that Mr. Shuttleworth has distributed the same plant from Rugel's collection, with a printed label, under the name of C. ros- trata, which he therefore now substitutes for his own. A. Gr.)
C. rostrata (Shuttlew . in coll. Rugel): caule ramoso ; floribus pedunculatis cymoso umbellatis 5-partitis; tubo corolla; globoso-campanulato calycis segmenta ovata obtusa leviter crenulata et lacinias limbi ovatas obtusas patentes (demum reflexas) duplo superante; staminibus limbum subsequantibus ; squamis fimbriatis (convergentibus?) basi inter se connatis ; stylis filiformibus ovarium stylopodio ejusdem longitudinis coronatum pyriforme sub;equantibus ; corolla marcescente ad basin capsula; (maxima?) acutatae persistente. — Alleghany Mountains from Vir- ginia to South Carolina, {Mr. Buckley! 1842.) Prof. Gray and Mr Sullivant! 1843. — August to October. — Particular localities recorded by Messrs. Gray and Sullivant are : Grandfather and Negro Mountains, N. Carol. ; Tygart's Valley, Va. ; and " common in moist, shady ravines in western Virginia " The specimens which came under my observation grow on Urlica, Rubus, Aster, Solidago, Rudbeckia, and some other plants.
After repeated and careful investigation, and with some hesitation, I have ad- mitted this mountain plant as a distinct species, different from C. vulgivaga. The large pointed capsule would seem to characterize it at once ; but C. vulgivaga offers so many different forms and sizes of the capsule, that other characters were necessary; and they are found in the tissue of the corolla, which is ever destitute of the large pellucid dots constantly observed in C. vulgivaga, but is composed, especially about the tube, of regular, somewhat elongated, hexangular cells, easily distinguishable in dried specimens with a common glass. In the common species, the cells are linear, mostly much elongated, interspersed with the large air-cells, which have been frequently mentioned. The flowers are mostly twice as large as in C. vulgivaga, but of the same shape and proportion, about 2, and sometimes (especially in Tygart's Valley specimens) 3 lines long; but the elongated ovary, whose stylopodium is nearly as long, though only half as thick, as the ovary proper, distinguishes it at once even from those forms of C . vulgivaga where the stylo- podium is unusually large. The filiform styles are at first about the length of the stamina, but soon after they are long exserted. The capsule is very large, fully 3 lines long, globose, attenuated to a bifid point ; it is larger and more acute than in any other known American species. — During the same journey, the following species was abundantly collected :
C. (Lepidanche) compacta (Choisy) : caule ramoso; floribus sessilibus glome- ratis 5-partitis ; sepalis sub-novem leviter crenulatis orbiculatis concavis adpressis,
226 Engelmann and Gray,
128. Ipojoea sagittata, Desf. ; Clioisy. June — Sept.
129. Convolvulus aquaticus, Walt. Wet prairies west of the Brazos. Often 10 feet long. July.
130. Nama Jamaicensis, Linn. ? Sandy prairies, &c. near the Brazos. June. Annual.
131. Lithospermum tenellum, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (n. ser.) V. p. 88. On the Brazos, &c. April — August.
132. Heliotropium curassavicum, Linn. Galveston, &c.
133. H. inundatum, Swartz ; DC.prodr. 9, p. 539. Banks of the Brazos. June.
134. Eutoca hirsuta = Phacelia hirsuta, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1. c. p. 191. Pine woods near Houston. March and April. Corolla with 5 very obscure pairs of squamellae at the base of the tube. Ovary 5-10-ovuled. (Vide No. 279, 280, infra.) Also Texas, Drummond's Coll. 3, No. 299.
interioribus minoribus; tubo cordis cylindrico calycem et laeinias limbi lineari- oblongas obtusas duplo superanle ; staminibus limbo brevioribus ; squamis pinnati- fido-laciniatis ; ovario cum stylopodio stylos subsquante; capsula globosa subacuta corolla marcescente obtecta 1-4-sperma. — North Carolina to Alabama, in the mountains, on shrubs, frequently on evergreens ; on Corylus rostrata, Buncombe Co., N. Carol. ; on the same, and on Andromeda axillaris or spinulosa, on the sides of Negro Mountain, N. Carol., Prof. A. Gray and Air. W. S. Sullivant; in Ala- bama, on Prinos glaber, Dr. Gates, (Herb. Gray.)
This is clearly the Cuscuta compacta of Choisy's monograph, (and of DC. prodr. excl. syn.) described after specimens collected in Alabama and Georgia ; the notice in Silliman's Journal, Vol. XL1V. p. 195, must therefore be corrected. — It is very near Cuscuta (Lcpidanchc) adpressa, which thus far has only been found on the bottom lands of the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers. This is again a remarkable instance of two nearly allied species, one growing in the mountainous region of the Southern States, the other one in the western lowlands. Analogies offer in Baptisia alba and leucantha, P/iacelia fimbriala and Purshii, and others. The mountain species is distinguished from its western relative by the closer and compacter glome- vules, and much more slender and mostly smaller flowers. The tube of the corolla exceeds the compact scales of the calyx considerably, and is much narrower in pro- portion to its length ; it gives, therefore, to the capsule which it covers, a much more pointed appearance, though the capsule itself is nearly globose. This appear- ance of the vestiges of the corolla on the capsule distinguishes this species from C. adpressa just after flowering. The corolla appears to be more membranaceous than in the western species, and remains whitish when well preserved in the herba- rium ; the other usually turns reddish-brown.
Plantce Lindheimeriancs. 227
135. Solanum Texense (n. sj).) : perenne, inerme, to- mento stellato incanum ; caule (pedali) herbaceo erecto ramoso ; foliis (2-4-unc.) petiolatis lanceolatis undulatis sinu- ato-dentatis integerrimisve sparsis ; racemis terminalibus ; pe- dunculis flore longioribus fructiferis deflexis ; calyce 5-fido ; corolla violacea extus ad carinas stellato-pubescente ; stamini- bus aequalibus ; baccis flavis. — Road-sides, prairies, &c, Houston to the Brazos. June — September. (This is also No. 200 of Drummond's Third Texan Collection. We like- wise have specimens from Dr. Wright.)
136. Physalis pubescexs ? (P. maritima, M. A. Curtis, MSS.) Coast of Galveston Island. April — November.
137. Herpestis Monniera, Humb. fy Kunth. Wet places. June, July.
138. Conobea multifida, Benth. in DC. prodr. fy Torr. fy Gr. Fl. ined. (Capraria, Michx.) Brazos. July.
139. Buchnera elongata, Swart z, Benth. I. c. Gal- veston to the Brazos. April, May, and again in July. Flow- ers smaller than in B. Americana, the teeth of the calyx and bracts less acuminate.
140. Herpestis nigrescens, Benth. Brazos, &c. August.
141. Gerardia spiciflora, Engel. MSS. G. maritima I? grandiflora, Benth. in DC. prodr. ined. Margin of brack- ish ponds, Galveston Island.
142. Pentstemon Cobjea, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (n. ser.) V. p. 182. Ravines near Houston. May.
143. Scutellaria Drummondii, Benth. Lab. p. 441. On soil composed of fragments of shells, on the coast of Galveston Island. May. Apparently annual : stems 10 to 29 inches high.
144. S. cardiophylla (ii. sp.) i puberula ; caule erecto (1-2-pedali) ramoso ; foliis omnibus petiolatis cordato-trian- gularibus obtusiusculis caulinis, grosse crenatis, floralibus gradatim minoribus integrioribusque lato-cordatis vel deltoideis, summis bracteiformibus ; floribus axillaribus oppositis ; corol- lis pubescentibus calyce pedicello longiore plus triplo longiori- bus.— Var. f3. humilior, foliis omnibus parvulis. — Open woods,
228 Engelmann and Gray,
&c. near Houston. Flowering through the summer. Dr. Engelmann has likewise collected the smaller variety at the Hot Springs, in Arkansas. Fruiting specimens of this well- marked species also exist in Drummond's Texan Collection, (No. 209, Coll. 3,) but we find no allusion to it in Bentham's fine Monograph of the Labiatse. The smaller forms might be confounded with S. parvula, but even the floral leaves are distinctly petioliate, broadly triangular-ovate, or cordate, and more or less crenate-toothed ; all are shorter than the corolla, which is three-fourths of an inch long ; the uppermost scarcely exceeding the calyx. The cauline leaves are from one to nearly two inches in length, and considerably resembling those of S. saxatilis, Riddell : those of the elongated flower branches scarcely half an inch long. Achenia strongly tuber- culate. Root apparently annual.
145. Salvia azure a, Lam. Houston. May to September.
146. Hyptis radiata, Willd. Houston. September.
147. Physostegia Virginiana, Benth., var. foliis ovalibus oblongisve subdenticulatis. (Dracocephalum variegatum, Vent., Ell.) Wet prairies west of the Brazos. July.
148. P. Virginiana, var. foliis lanceolatis argute serratis. Dry, sandy soil. Houston. September.
149. Trichostemma dichotomum, Linn. September.
150. Teucrium Cubense, Linn., Benth. Lab. p. 668. Galveston Island. April, May.
151. Monarda Lindheimeri, (n. sp.) : caule glabro super- ne piloso subsimplici ; foliis ovatis acuminatis subcordatis grosse serratis glabris glandulosis margine scabris, petiolis brevibus basi pilosis ; bracteis acuminatis integris capitulum laxum suboequantibus ; calycibus glandulosis, dentibus subu- latis diametrum tubi subaequantibus, fauce villosa ; corolla glandulosa et villosa. — Prairies and margin of woods, in clayey soil. April to June, and again in October. — According to Mr. Bentham's view, this would probably be deemed a variety of M. clinopodia.
152. M. punctata, Linn. Houston. July.
Plants LindheimerianfB. 229
153. M. aristata, Nutt. in Benth. Lab. p. 318, in Mem. Amer. Phil. Soc. (n. ser.) V. p. 186. Prairies east of the Brazos. June.
154. Verbena strigosa, Hook. Compan. to Pot. Mag. I. p. 176. Roadsides, near Houston. April — July. Lower leaves obovate and tapering into a winged petiole, doubly incisely toothed ; the upper tri-multifid. The hispid pubes- cence of the stem is not appressed. The foliage, the more slender spikes, and the much shorter fruit distinguish the species readily from V. stricta.
155. V. spuria, var. caulibus erectis ; bracteis brevioribus. Dry prairies, Galveston, to the Brazos. March to July.
156. Zapania nodiflora, Lam. var. foliis lanceolato-cu- neiformibus. Downs of Galveston Island. April.
157. Dipteracanthus (Panicularia, folia floralia in brac- teas parvas reducta, ideo cyma trichotoma terminalis) nudi- florus (n. sp.) : parce pilosus, demum glabratus ; caule erecto herbaceo ; foliis ovalibus ovato-oblongisve obtusis mar- gine obsolete repandis basi in petiolum attenuatis ; cymulis trifloris in cymam laxam glanduloso-puberulam congestis ; bracteis lineari-lanceolatis pedunculis multo brevioribus ; tubo corollas apicem versus sensim dilatato calycis lacinias atten- uato-subulatas duplo triplove longiore ; capsulis puberulis sub- clavato-cylindraceis vel oblongis utrinque acutis 8— 12-spermis calycem aequantibus. — Open woods at Sim's Bayou, near Houston. May to July. Also, in Drummond's Texan Col- lection, (Coll. 2, No. 221, and 3, No. 257.) Stems one to two feet high, simple or branched from the base, slender, pubescent when young, as well as the leaves and petioles, with scattered hairs. Corolla two inches long. Anthers some- what included ; the lobes slightly mucronate at the base. Stigma a simple lamella, with a mere rudiment of the second lobe. — This well marked species differs from the rest of the genus in its inconspicuous bracts, and naked, more explicate inflorescence, which entitle it to the rank of a distinct sec- tion.
230 Engelmann and Gray,
158. D. ciliosus, N. ab E. in Linn. XVI. p. 294. =i Ru- ellia ciliosa, Pursk. Open woods, Houston. June.
159. Dianthera humilis. In clear water. June.
160. Dicltptera brachiata, Spreng. Shady woods, Houston. June — September. Seeds hispid, with short, minutely glochidiate bristles.1
161. Utricularia subulata, Linn. Wet prairies of Gal- veston Island. April.
162. Samolus ebracteatus, H. B. K. Sandy brackish soil, Galveston. April. It is singular that this should have been overlooked by Duby, in DC. Prodr., as a North Ameri- can plant. It was recorded as such by Torrey in the report on the plants collected in Major Long's Expedition, and is not uncommon along the coast from Florida to Texas. The leaves in the Texan plant, as generally in our specimens, are obovate or broadly spatulate, tapering into pretty long winged petioles, which are decurrent on the stem.
163. Plantago gnaphaloides, Nutt. Galveston Island.
164. P. aristata, Michx. Houston, &c. April.
165. Iresine celosioides, Linn. Houston. September.
166. Oplotheca Floridana, Nutt. Prairies and open woods in loose sandy soil, west of the Brazos. August.
167. Eriogonum longifolium, JSutt., Benth. p planta- gineum : foliis brevioribus latioribusque. Dry prairies west of the Brazos. July, August. The same form occurs in Drum- mond's Third Texan Collection, No. 352.
168. Polygonella ericoides. = Gonopyrum America- num, Fisch. &f Meyer, in Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. (ser. 6.) IV. p. 144. Prairies, west of San Felipe, on the Brazos.
1 Among Lindheimer's plants a few specimens were received of the Ruellia justiciaeflora, Hook. Comp. to Bot. Mag. I. p. 176, which has also been distributed by Dr. Riddell, under the name of Eberlea. We refer it to the genus Hygrophila, R. Br. To the character given by Hooker, for the most part excellent, we may add, that the stem and leaves are somewhat fleshy, and that the upper lip of the corolla is not entire, but 2-cleft. The anthers of the shorter pair of stamens are smaller than the others, but are polliniferous and 2-celled. The plant grows in wet swamps, and flowers in the autumn.
Planta Lindheime7'iance. 231
July. A low shrubby plant, 1-2 feet high, with the aspect of a heath.1
1 This plant also occurs in Drummond's Texan Collection (No. 19 & 348 of 3d Coll.) ; from which source douhtless Fischer and Meyer obtained the specimens, upon which ihey established the genus Gonopyrum. But their genus must be reduced to Polygonella, from which it differs only in the hermaphrodite, instead of dioico-poly- gamous flowers, a character which would be insufficient, even if constant, which it probably is not. The filaments of Polygonella polygama (which are more correctly described than figured by Ventenat) are not materially different from those of the new Texan species. The generic character, &c. should properly stand as follows :
POLYGONELLA, Michx. (Tub. Rumicex, Meyer.) Polygonella and Gonopyrum, Meyer I. c. supr.
Flores dioico-polygami vel hermaphroditi. Perigonium pentaphyllum, petaloide- um; phyllis seriei exterioris 2 immutatis fructif. reflexis, seriei interioris 3 erectis planis post anthesin ampliatis conniventibus fructum triquetrum includentibus. Stamina 8: filamenta dimorpha ; nempe, tria phyllis perigonii interioribus opposita inferne dilatata et saepe bidentata ; caetera subulato-setacea. Styli 3 : stigmata capitata. Embryo in axi albuminis rectiusculus. — Fruticuli ramosissimi glabri, in planitiebus aridissimis Amer. Bor.-Orient. ca'.idioribus vigentes ; ramis hornotinis herbaceis foliosis ochreatis (ochreis brevibus nudis unidentatis) ; foliis crassiusculis parvulis linearibus spathulatisve subsessilibus sparsis vel in axillis pi. m. fascicula- tis ; floribus (albis vel roseis) parvis spicato-racemosis ; rachi dense et appresse imbricatim ochreato-bracteati quasi articulati ; pedicillis solitariis articulatis, fructi- feris pendulis ; racemis sa?pius paniculatis.
1. P. polygama: foliis cuneato-linearibus spathulatisve ; floribus dioico-polygamis ; sepalis ovalibus ad anthesin suba3qualibus ; filamentis tribus basi ovato-dilatatis vix aut ne vix dentatis ; stylis brevissimis. — Polygamum polygamum, Vent. Hort. Cels. t. 65; Ml. Sk. I. p. 458. Polygonella parvifolia, Michx. ! Fl. II. p. 240; Nutt. Gen. I. p. 256 (sub Polygono) ; Meisn. Gen. Vase. Comm. p. 228. Polygo- num (Polygonella) gracile, Nutt. Gen. 1. c.? — In arenosis (sandy pine-barrens,) Carolina; ! Georgia! Floridse (Bartram! Leavenworth.') et, fide Nutt., in Ar- kansas.
2. P. ericoides: foliis linearibus vel anguste spathulato-linearibus fasciculatis ; floribus (an semper ?) hermaphroditis ; sepalis orbiculatis, interioribus subcordatis exteriora virido-carinata ad anthesin superantibus ; filamentis tribus basi valde bidentato-dilatalis quasi obcordatis ; stylis longiusculis. — Gonopyrum Americanum, Fisch. <Sf Meyer, in Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. I. c. supra. — In planitiebus aridis Texas, Drummond, ! Lindheimer ! Wright! Flores duplo majores quam in prace- dente, ramis crassioribus, etc.
For the first species we have adopted the older specific name of Ventenat. in place of that of Michaux, chiefly because it is the largest-leaved species of the genus.
Polygonum articulatum, Linn., which is joined, by Nuttall and Meisner, to Poly- gonella, with which, indeed, it nearly accords in habit (though an annual herb) and inflorescence, has all the sepals uniform and erect in fruit, the three inner not at all enlarged, and the embryo is lateral as in Polygonum.
232 Engelmann and Gray,
169. Stillingia sylvatica, Linn. Prairies. April — June.
170. S. ligustrina, Michx. Thickets near water-courses, Houston. May. — The staminate flowers are rather conspicu- ously pedicillate, not brevissime pedicillatis, as described by Michaux.
171. PlLINOPHYTUM LlNDHEIMERI (fl. Sp.) I anilUUS, Stel-
lato-tomentosus ; caule (4-5-pedali) erecto ramoso ; foliis longe petiolatis e basi ovata subcordatave lanceolatis saspe acutato-mucronatis, inferioribus denticulatis ; floribus foemineis paucis ad basin spicae masculae ; staminibus sub- 12 ; stigmati- bus plerumque 12; seminibus vix compressis. — Dry prairies, Houston to the Brazos. Also, Texas, Drummond, and West- ern Louisiana, Leavenwo?'th. A taller, more upright plant than P. capitatum (Croton, Michx.,) with larger and less canescent leaves ; the lower 4—5 inches long, and gradually acuminate to an usually sharp point, on petioles 3 inches long. The spike in fruit is less capitate, and the seeds are smaller and less compressed. Something like intermediate specimens between this and the P. capitatum, which also grows in
A remaining species, the Polygonum fimhriatum of Elliott, which has been deemed a near ally of Polygonum polygamum, may be taken as the type of a new genus, viz. :
THYSANELLA, A. Gr.
Flores dioico-polygami. Perigonium pentaphyllum petaloideum ; phyllis omnibus erectis margine scariosis et eroso-fimbriatis, duobus exterioribus cordato-sagittatis post anthesin auctis, interioribus minoribus ovato-lanceolatis pectinato -fimbriatis. Stamina 8 : filamenta llliformia perigonium adacquantia. Ovarium (infertile) trigo-
num : styli 3, filiformes ; stigmatibus simplicibus. Fructus Semen
— Herba ramosa, glabra, (bipedalis,) in arenosis Geor- gia vigens, caulibus virgatis strictis ; foliis angusto-linearibus elongatis acutatis striatulis sessilibus ; ochreis truncatis setis capillaribus longissime barbatis ; floribus (incarnatis) racemoso-spicatis ; spicis solitariis vel geminis, paniculatis, dense imbricatim ochreato-bracteatis ; ochreis oblique truncatis in acumen aristiforme productis ; pedicellis in medio articulatis.
T. fimbriata. = Polygonum fimbriatum, Ell. Sk. I. p. 588.
Elliott seems to have described from specimens with hermaphrodite flowers; but in mine (which were collected by Dr. Leavenworth either in Georgia or Florida) the ovaries are apparently all sterile. The fruit and seed is, therefore, unknown to me, and I am not certain that the outer sepals increase in size after flowering.
A. Gb.
Planta Lindheimeriana. 233
Texas, render it doubtful, however, whether this plant is spe- cifically different.
17-2. Geiseleria glandulosa, Klotzsch, in Erichs. Ar- chiv. I. (1841) p. 254. Dry woods, Houston. May, June. The calyx of the sterile flowers is 5-parted, and the stamens 9 or 10.
173. Croton argyranthemum, Michx. Margin of woods, Houston. April — June. The ovary is on an orbicular, not 5-glandular disk.
174. Euphorbia bicolor (n. sp.) : annua ; caule erecto foliis bracteisque undique villosis seu pilosis ; foliis subsessili- bus oblongo-lanceolatis vel lineari-oblongis cuspidatis basi ob- tusis ; bracteis lineari-ligulatis elongatis basi attenuatis margine membranaceis decolorato-albidis ; glandulis involucri villosi margine petaloideis suborbiculatis ; capsulis dense lanatis ; seminibus sparsim rugulosis. ft concolor : marginibus deco- loratis bractearum angustissimis aut subnullis ; foliis latioribus. Prairies near Houston. June — September. Also Texas, Drummond. Arkansas, Beyrich, &c. A handsome species, resembling E. marginata, but distinguished by the narrower hairy leaves, much narrower bracts, &c.
175. Aphora mercurialina, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (N. Ser.) 5, p. 174. Serophyton pilosissimum, Benih. Bot. Voy. Sulphur, p. 53. In denudated soil, dry prairies, &c. Arkansas and Texas. May — July. Endlicher having entirely overlooked this genus of NuttalPs, Mr. Bentham has lately characterized it anew under the name of Serophyton. To his excellent character we have only to add, that the plants are sometimes dioecious, or subdioecious, as, indeed, is mentioned by Nuttall in the case of the original species. What Nuttall takes for sterile filaments in the fertile flowers, Bentham describes as petals, and so NuttalPs name becomes unmeaning, which, however, is no great objection. Mr. Bentham's Californian species must, therefore, bear the name of Aphora lanceolata. His remaining Texan species, the Aphora Drummondii, was also collected by Lindheimer, but
vol. v. 16
234 Engelmann and Gray,
not in sufficient abundance for distribution. It is a less hairy plant. Under No. 306 we describe a fourth species, A. hu- milis, which we also find in Drummond's second collection, No. 230. The leaves in A. mercurialina, as in A. Drum- mondii, often turn purplish, in drying. In No. 322 of Drum- mond's third collection, the leaves are oblong-ovate, or ovate- lanceolate, and often acute or acuminate, as in Lindheimer's specimens. In No. 263 of the second collection they are mostly ovate-orbicular.
176. Tkagia urticjefolia, Michx. Houston, &c. April. T. betonicaefolia, Nutt. 1
177. Phyllanthus polygonoides, Nutt. (Maschalanthus, Nutt. — Phyllanthus proper, Linn., Juss., etc.) Grassy banks. July.
178. Cnidoscolus stimulosus. = Jatropha stimulosa, Linn. Houston. July.
179. Urtica purpurascens, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (N. Set.) V. p. 169. Thickets, Galveston Island.
180. Quercus virens, Ait. Moist woods along the coast.
181. Taxodium distichum, Rich. Houston, &c.
182. Sagittaria simplex, Pursh. ? Ponds in clayey soil, near Houston. June — September. Our plant has rather rigid linear-lanceolate leaves ; the calyx as well as the ovate acute bracts are a little pubescent ; the fertile flowers are on short, the sterile on rather long peduncles ; the stamens from 20 to 30 ; and the carpels in fruit are compressed, rostrate, and falcate. Larger specimens, collected near the coast, with broader leaves, &c. bear larger flowers, with 40 to 50 stamens.
183. S. stolonifera (n. sp.) : stolonibus radicantibus ; foliis submersis lato-linearibus acutis, emersis lineari-lanceola- tis 3-5-nerviis ; scapo simplici ; bracteis ovatis acutis vel obtusiusculis brevibus ; pedunculis subternatis omnibus elon- gatis ; staminibus 12-16; carpellis compressis oblique subor- biculatis breviter mucronatis. — S. graminea, Nutt. in Trans.
Plants Lindheimeriaiue. 235
Amer. Phil. Soc. I. c. p. 159. Ponds near Houston. Sep- tember, &c.
184. Commelyna angustifolia, Michx. Houston. May.
185. Xyris Caroliniana, Walt.pl scabra : scapo apice magis ancipiti, aciebus subtilissime serrulato-scabris. X. sca- bra, Engel. MSS. Prairies, west of the Brazos. July.
186. X. bulbosa, Kunth, enitm. IV. p. 11, (ex descr.) With the preceding. The North American species still need thorough revision.
187. Hypoxis erecta, (3. jestivalis : scapo subunifloro folia suboequante ; capsulis subglobosis, (ut in «.) In prairies which have been burned over in spring. July.
188. H. erecta, y. leptocarpa (H. leptocarpa, Engel. MSS.) : floribus minoribus ; capsulis prismatico-oblongis el- lipticisve ; seminibus in singulis loculis uniserialibus 4-6. Sandy soil, along rivulets, June — August.
189. Eustylis purpurea. (Nemostylis ? purpurea, Herbert, in Bot. Mag. sub. t. 3779.) Open woods and prairies, from Houston to the Brazos. June, July. Also, Texas, Drum- mond, and Western Louisiana, Dr. Hale. The diagnostic characters of this genus and Nemostylis are subjoined. Alo- phia, Herb, differs, according to the character,1 in having the inner divisions of the much more unequal perigonium navicu- late, and differently shaped from the outer, in the very short filaments, &c, and in being tuberiferous instead of bul- biferous.
NEMOSTYLIS, Nutt. Perigonium hexaphyllo-partitum, conforme, patens, segmentis fere aequalibus, tubo nullo. Fila- menta dislincta, e basi lato subulata, antheris elongato-lineari- bus (connectivo angusto) post anthesin spiraliter convolutis
1 The specimens of several of these Iridaceous plants, of very similar appearance in the dried state, appear to have been somewhat confused in the distribution of Drummond's Texan Collection. Under No. 414 of the Third Collection, we have, instead of Alophia, specimens of the Herbertia eaerulea. Under No. 415, we have Nemostylis acuta (geminijiora, Nutt. Ixia acuta, Barton,) as well as Gelasine Te.vana. In the latter the filaments are certainly monadelphous, and the style has two or three short and simple lobes.
236 Engelmann and Gray,
multo breviora. Stylus brevis (filamenta adaequans,) tenuis, apice trilobus ; lobis bipartitis, partitionibus in stigmata filifor- mia radiatim productis.
EUSTYLIS. Perigonium hexaphyllo-partitum, confoime, patens ; tubo nullo ; segmentis obovatis planis, tribus intcrio- ribus modice minoribus. Filamenta distincta, e basi lato subulata, antheras subpanduriformes post anthesin immutatas sequantia : connectivum latum basi apicemque versus proeser- tim dilatatum, loculis marginalibus. Stylus elongatus (stamina adaequans,) ad apicem infundibuliformis, trifidus ; lobis bifidis, partitionibus in stigmata filiformia recurvia attenuatis. — Habi- tus, bulbus, capsula, etc., omnino Nemostylis.
190. Gymnadenia nivea. (Orchis nivea, Nutt.) Moist prairies near Houston ; April to June. The ovary remains straight ; the labellum is therefore posterior. The outer lat- eral divisions of the perianth are also produced at the base on the upper side into a triangular blunt auricle, which is not noticed in Nuttall's description. The anther-cells are parallel and approximated.
191. Spiranthes vernalis (n. sp.) : radice fasciculata ; caule foliato ; foliis linearibus, superioribus sensim minoribus vaginantibus lanceolato-subulatis ; sepalis petalisque basi co- hserentibus oblongo-linearibus, lateralibus angustioribus label- lum reflexum crenulatum apice non dilatatum aequantibus vel superantibus. — Moist prairies, Galveston and Houston ; April, May. — Stem 1 to 2 feet high, slender ; lower leaves often 5 to 6 inches long, 2 lines wide ; bracts ovate, acuminate. Flowers much as in & cemua, from which it is distinguished by its short lip, &c.
192. Thalia dealbata, Fraser. Swamps on the Brazos; September. — The seed appears to contain three embryos, of which only the central one is fully developed.
193. Juncus heteranthos, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (N. Ser.) V. p. 153. Galveston Island. May.
194. PONTEDERIA LANCIFOLIA, Mulll. Jul)'.
195. Smilax lanceolata, Linn. Rich shady soil near
Plantce Lindheimeriancp. 237
water- courses. July. — Climbing to a great height. The rhi- zoma bears tubers which are called " Indian bread " in Texas. Leaves varying from narrowly lanceolate to almost ovate. Stem prickly below.
196. Cooperia Drtjmmondii, Herbert. Dry prairies from Galveston to the Brazos ; flowering from June to November, but mostly in July, and only after heavy rains.
197. Aletris aurea, Walt. Houston. April.
198. Scilla (Kamassa, sed perigonium regulare) angusta (n. sp.) : gracilis ; foliis linearibus apice longe attenuato-seta- ceis flaccidis scapo brevioribus ; bracteis e basi lanceolata membranacea subulatis pedicellos erecto-patentes subaaquanti- bus ; alabastris oblongo-linearibus ; foliolis perigonii linearibus obtusis stamina duplo superantibus. — Open woods and prai- ries, in south-western Missouri and Arkansas, as well as Texas : flowering from April to May in Texas, but from May to the middle of June in Missouri and Arkansas, when S. esculenta, growing in the same region, has matured its seeds. The present plant is more slender than S. esculenta, with narrower leaves, sepals, etc. ; but perhaps it is only a variety. — We are slow to believe that the Oregon species belongs to a different genus from the eastern.
199. Allium mutabile, Michx. Dry open woods, Houston. April. The capsule, in all our specimens, is one-seeded ; the flowers usually rose-red, but sometimes white.
200. Ruppia maritima, Linn. Salt water ponds, Galves- ton Island.
201. Cyperus vegetus, Linn. Wet prairies. May.
202. C. ovularis, Torr. In dry and wet places. April to June.
203. C. tetragonus, Ell. Dry prairies near Houston. May and June. Style 3-cleft.
204. Fuirena hispida, Ell. Springy places west of the Brazos. August.
205. Eleocharis arenicola, (Torr. MSS.) : culmis sub- spithamreis compressis sulcatis e rhizomate repente praelongo ;
238 Engelmann and Gray,
spicis ovatis obtusis multifloris ; squamis rufescentibus mem- branaceis obtusis margine scariosis ; stylo trifido ; achenio obovato compresso triangulari opaco tuberculo distincto rostrato acuto multum majore setas 6 tenues subexcedente. — Galves- ton Island, May, creeping in the loose sand. (Also along the southern coast of the United States.)
206. Scirpus lacustris, Linn. Galveston. May.1
207. Spartina junciformis (n. sp.) : humilis (1—2 peda" lis) ; foliis convolutis angustis, caulinis paucis brevibus, radi- calibus caespitosis culmum subcequantibus ; spicis 8—10 oblongis sessilibus ad rachin laeviusculam adpressis ; carina glumarum longitudine subaequalium palea3que inferioris ciliato-hispida. Saline prairies near the coast. May. — Plant with the foliage and much the aspect of S.juncea; but with the spikes and flowers different from that species, as well as from S. IcEvi- gata. A few specimens of a taller variety were collected in July.
208. K(eleria trttncata, Torr. Woods, Houston. May.
209. Uniola gracilis, Michx. Variety with broad and hairy leaves, the florets undeveloped. Houston. June.
210. Panicum (Orthopogon) hirtellum. Michx. Hous- ton. June.
211. Andropogon avenaceus, Michx. Houston. Sept.
1 I wish to subjoin the character of a remarkable Scirpus, 'which has been discov- ered this season, near Providence, Rhode Island, by Mr. Olney (the author of a Cata- logue of Rhode Island Plants, 1S45,) whose name I ain desirous it should bear.
Scirpus Olneyi (n. sp. A. Gr.) : culmis triquetro-alatis 2-7-pedalibus aphyllis basi vaginatis sub apice triangulari-subulato brevi capitulam sessilem, e spicis 6-12 ovato-oblongis, gerentibus ; squamis orbiculatis mucronatis ; antheris apice barbula- tis ; stylo bifido ; setis 6 retrorsum hispidulis achenium obovatum plano-convexum gibbosum apiculatum vix asquantibus. — In a salt marsh on the Seekonk river, Rhode Island, Mr. S. T. Olney. This species is most allied to S. pungens, Vahl, (S. Americanus, Pers.) fr0m,which it is especially distinguished by its remarkably 3- winged stem. The reentering angles are so deep that the cross section presents the appearance of three rays, or plates with parallel sides, joined at a common centre. This species has just been detected on the coast of New Jersey by that very assidu- ous botanist, Dr. Knieskern, from whose specimens I have added the characters of the achenium; as the fruit has failed to ripen this year in the Rhode Island plant.
A. Gr.
Plantce Lindheimeriance. 239
212. Leptochloa mucronata, Kunth. August.
213. Poa (Eragrostis) capitata, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (N. Ser.) V. p. 147 ; the submasculine plant ; and
214. The subfeminine plant of the same species, which has the spikelets much less crowded. Sandy places in the Brazos bottom. July.
COLLECTION SECOND, 1844.
Mr. Lindheimer's Collection of 1844, was made between the Brazos near San Felipe, and the Colorado River, in the neighborhood of Cat Spring of Mill Creek, the settlement of Industry, and thence westward towards the Colorado, and along its bottom lands. The prairies are partly of a light and even sterile sandy soil, and partly of a stiff' clayey soil. The bottom lands consist of a stiff black soil. Near Industry, and on the Colorado, rocks of a secondary sandstone (probably a subcretaceous formation) appear, on which several species of Cactus are found. In the prairies ant-hills are not uncom- mon, and on old and deserted ones a rich harvest of peculiar plants may be made. The numbers run on consecutively from the end of the former year's collection. Additional specimens of the following plants of that collection, gathered again in 1844, are distributed to subscribers (without being reckoned) under their former numbers, namely: No. 7. Cocculus Carolinus, DC, in fruit. — 8. Strepianthus hya- cinthoides, Hook., with linear leaves ; the flowers nodding, the long siliques erect. — 18. Paronychia Drummondii ; hand- some specimens, gathered in May, just coming into flower. — 24. Sida Lindheimeri, nob. ; specimens in finer state than before. — 29. Rhynchosia minima. — 39. Dalea aurea. — 40. Petalostemon obovatum. Root ligneous, perennial. The spikes, which are an inch in diameter, are at length prolonged to the length of six or eight inches. — 49. Acacia hirta, with ripe pods. — 51. Acacia Farnesiana ; on the Brazos, &c. Undoubtedly indigenous, flowering in March. — 55. (Enothera
240 Engelmann and Gray,
speciosa. — 60. Gaura sinuata. — 80. Gutierrezia Texana. — 83. Solidago leptocephala. — 94. Echinacea angustifolia. — 96. Helianthus cucumerifolius. — 104. Gaillardia amblyodon. — 107. Hymenopappus artemisiaefolius ; with the leaves, as usual, extremely variable ; some of them occasionally obovate- lanceolate, and perfectly entire. — 110. Marshallia csepitosa ; growing in scattered plants on the dry prairies near the Mill Creek. — 137. Herpestis cuneifolia, in fruit. — 138. Buchnera Americana /?. parviflora, in flower. — 145. Salvia azurea. — 153. Monarda aristata, which in the inland parts of Texas appears to take the place of M. punctata near the coast. — 161. Utricularia subulata. — 167. Eriogonum longifolium /3. plantagineum. — 169. Stillingia sylvatica, in fruit. — 174. Euphorbia bicolor. — 175. Aphora mercurialina, in flower. — 184. Commelyna angustifolia. — 199. Allium mutabile. Shady moist places on Mill Creek. April, May. Larger specimens than those gathered in 1843, near Houston, 12 to 20 inches high, the umbel not bulbiferous. Ovary with a crown of three scales, which disappear as the capsule ripens, (in this respect unlike A. stellatum and A. reticulatum,) 6-ovuled ; the capsule 1-3-seeded. — 1S9. Eustylis purpurea: rather common between the Brazos and the Colorado. April — Au- gust.— 198. Scilla angusta, nob. ■ Dry prairies west of the Brazos. April.
215. Brasenia peltata, Pursh. Specimens in fine fruit, gathered in July in clear rivulets between the Brazos and the Colorado.
216. Draba cuneifolia, Nutt. in Torr. fy Gr. Fl. I. 108. Dry grassy places, March. — In some specimens the silicles are almost, if not quite, glabrous. D. micrantha, Nutt., which differs only in the like respect from D. Caroliniana, is probably therefore a mere variety of that species.
217. Vesicaria auriculata (n. sp.) : annua, caulibus de- cumbentibus canescenti-hirsutis ; foliis sparsim pilosis, infimis lyrato-pinnatifidis sinuato-dentatisve basi attenuatis, caeteris ovato-lanceolatis basi cordato-auriculata sessilibus vel semi-
Plantas Lindheimeriana. 241
amplexicaulibus repando-dentatis subintegrisve ; petalis obova- to-spathulatis sepala pilosa colorata subduplo superantibus ; filamentis e basi inflata abrupte subulatis ; antheris linearibus ; ovarii loculis 3-4-ovulatis ; stylo cum stigmate globoso siliculis vix stipitatis globosis glabris breviore ; seminibus subsex mar- ginatis. — Dry prairies near San Felipe. Feb. — March.
218. Nasturtium tanacetifolium, Hook, fy Am. Sandy bottoms. February and March. — Siliques sometimes spread- ing or even reflexed : in other cases considerably incurved and erect.
219. Sisymbrium canescens, Nutt. A very canescent form. April — May.
220. Polygala alba, Nutt. (P. Beyrichii, Torr. fy Gr.) Prairies. April — May. Lower leaves sometimes obovate- spatulate.
221. Hypericum maculatum, Walt., Torr. fy Gr. Margin of woods from Galveston to the Colorado. May.
222. Paronychia dichotoma, Nutt. Sandstone rocks near Industry. Sept. — Oct.
223. Arenaria Pitcheri, Nutt. Prairies. March. Petals emarginate.
224. Ptelea trifolata, (3. mollis, Torr. fy Gr. Fl. I. p. 680. Along water-courses. Houston to the Colorado. April.
225. iEscuLus Pavia, (3. discolor, Torr. fy Gr. Thickets along the banks of Mill creek. March.
226. Sapindus marginatus, Willd. Popularly called " Wild China-tree," forming trunks about a foot in diameter, in fertile woods. The specimens with ripe fruit were gath- ered in August.
227. Rhamnus Carolinianus, Walt. Small trees forming thickets in wet places on the prairie west of San Felipe ; flow- ering in May. With it there is a small-leaved variety, with the flowers more crowded, &c.
228. R. lanceolatus, Pursh. Thickets. March.
229. Tephrosia onobrychoides, Nutt. ; with short and rusty pubescence, &c, differing somewhat from the variety distributed under No. 32. West of San Felipe. May.
242 Engelmann and Gray,
230. Astragalus caryocarpus, Ker. Prairies west of San Felipe. April.
231. Lupinus subcarnosi's, Hook. Prairies. April. Plant 5 to 15 inches high, branching from the base, with rather smaller and paler flowers and more silky or woolly inflo- rescence than the nearly related L. Texensis, — of which a few specimens were intermixed in the collection.
232. Cassia Chamxcrista, var. cinerea, Torr. fy Gr. Sandy places in woods along the Colorado. August. The leaves bear setaceous glands between the 4 to 6 lower pairs of leaflets ; the gland below the lowest pair is stipitate ; and the 5 alternate anthers are shorter.
233. Algarobia glandulosa, Torr. fy Gr. Fl. I. p. 399. " This shrub, or small tree, about 10 feet high, with a stem 6—8 inches in diameter, either grows sparsely or forms thickets in the low prairies. It is called musket-tree by the Texans. It is first found as a low shrub on the San Bernardo prairie, west of San Felipe, but becomes larger and more frequent westwardly, giving a new character to the vegetation, as in the musket-thickets on the Colorado, along the borders of which several Cacti, hereafter enumerated, are abundantly met with. It ripens its pods at the end of August." Lindheimer. — The leaflets vary, often on the same specimen, from narrow linear to oblong, and even broadly elliptical. Lindheimer's speci- mens are some of them in fine fruit, showing that the species is totally distinct from A. dulcis, (of which Bentham con- jectured it might perhaps be a variety,) and also presenting some peculiarities that call for more particular remark. The mature legumes are from 5 to 7 inches long, raised on a stipe which is often an inch in length : they are narrowly linear, more or less curved or falcate, very slightly compressed, strongly torose, and from 9 to 20-seeded : the epicarp is char- taceo-membranaceous, and contains a considerable quantity of sweet farinaceous pulp which surrounds the seeds, or rather the coriaceous investment in Which the seeds are singly con- tained. For each seed is enclosed in a distinct and almost
Plant ce Lindheimeriana. 243
bony almond-shaped putamen, derived, we suppose, from the endocarp or lining of the carpel, though, for the want of young pods, we are unable to trace its formation. But in the ripe legume, these several husks, which are perfectly closed, are entirely unconnected with each other. They are placed obliquely in the pod, of which they occupy nearly the whole breadth. The flattened, oval seeds (about 3 lines long) do not fill the cavity. On examining an Algarobo pod from South America (the fruit, as we ptesume, of A. dulcis,) we find that the seeds are invested by a similar covering, only that it is much thinner and paper-like, and apparently does not separate spontaneously from the pulp. We have not seen the fruit of Prosopis spicigera ; but we hope that this character may help to sustain the genus Algarobia, which, after having been separated from Prosopis by Mr. Bentham, has since, by the same author, been again reduced to a section of that genus. Our own species, however, would still have to be distinguished subgenerically from the typical Algarobia thus. $ Pleopy- rena. Legumen lineare, subteres, torosum, polyspermum ; seminibus singulis in nucleo endocarpico coriaceo inter pulpam nidulante clausis. — In a species of Strombocarpa, collected by Capt. Fremont, (the curious fruit of which should separate it generically from Algarobia,) this papery lining is continuous, or merely collapsed where the seeds are deficient.
234. SCHRANKIA ANGUSTATA, Toil'. &f Gl\ I. C. May
August.
235. Desmanthus brachylobus, Benth. (Darlingtonia, DC); the var. glandulosa, Torr. fy Gr. under Darlingtonia; — fruiting specimens, collected in July.
236. Prunus glandulosa, Hook. ; Torr. fy Gr. I. c. " Low shrubs on sandy hills west of the Brazos, flowering in February. Fruit yellowish-red, as large as a middle-sized cher- ry." Lindheimer. It is probably a Prunus, therefore, but the half-grown fruit upon one of our specimens is juiceless, and still clothed with the tomentum of the ovary.
237. P. gracilis (n. sp.) : ramis subinermibus ; foliis Ian-
244 Engelmann and Gray,
ceolato-oblongis vel ovato-lanceolatis utrinque acutis grosse serratis (serraturis plerumque patentibus mucronulatis eglan- dulosis) supra puberulis subtus cum petiolis brevibus eglandu- losis tomentoso-pubescenlibus ; stipulis setaceis glanduliferis petiolum a?quantibus ; umbellulis 2-3-floris; pedicellis calyci- busque (laciniis ovatis obtusiusculis) pubescentibus ; petalis orbicularis ; ovario glabro. — P. Chicasa &? normalis, Ton*, fy Gr. Fl. I. p. 467. Open post-oak woods west of the Brazos, where it is called Post- Oak Plum. A low shrub, with leaves only one to two inches long. Doubtless a distinct species, which should stand between P. Chicasa and P. glandulosa.
238. OENOTHERA SERRULATA, 8. SPINULOSA, ToTT. fy" Gr. All
unusually large-flowered form ; the petals an inch in length. Sandy, dry, or moist prairies. May — June.
239. Gaura longifeora (Spach) : elata, pilis brevibus undique canescenti-puberula ; caule erecto paniculato-ramo- sissimo ; foliis lanceolatis lineari-lanceolatisve utrinque angusta- tis mucronato-acuminatis, sparsim repando-denticulatis, rameis multo minoribus linearibus integerrimis ; spicis ramosis laxi- floris ; bracteis linearibus deciduis ; calycis segmentis tubum plerumque superantibus ; petalis spathulatis longe unguiculatis calyce et staminibus brevioribus ; nuce sessili ovata canescente 4-carinata nervis 4 intermediis leviter notata. — G. exaltata, Engel. MSS. G. biennis, ff. Pitcheri, Torr. fy Gr. Fl. I. p. 517. — Prairies at the margin of woods between the Brazos and the Colorado, &c, where it often exclusively covers large spaces of ground ; flowering in August and September. Plant taller and much more branching than G. biennis (6-9 feet high) with narrower leaves, smaller flowers (the petals turn- ing from white to reddish,) and much smaller and, when ripe, rounder fruit. The G. filipes, @. major, Torr. fy Gr. I. c, is confused with this species. Spach described from an imper- fect specimen collected in Louisiana, by Drummond. The specific name has no particular applicability.
240. G. Drummondii, Torr. fy Gr. I. c. Dry banks and road sides. Canescently pubescent ; the leaves often sinuate-
Plantee Lindheimeriana. 445
toothed, calyx-segments longer than the tube. Petals deep red in the dried specimens.
241. G. parviflora, Dougl. Sandy prairies, &c. July — August. Ovaries and fruit clothed with a close, soft pubescence.
242. Stenosiphon virgatus, Spach. High prairies on the Colorado, and on rocky soil.
243. JussiffiA occidentalis, Nutt. Along rivulets. July. Petals obcordate.
244. Opuntia fragilis, Nutt., var. frutescens. (O. fru- tescens, En gel. MSS.) Near the Musket-thickets, (vide No. 233,) on the Colorado ; often acquiring the height of four or five feet, with a branching ligneous stem, covered with light gray bark, and sometimes with lichens. It bears bunches of small capillary spines, with one larger one (4-5 lines long ;) these disappear from the older stems. The wood is hard and close-grained. The younger branches are green and terete, (or angular when withered,) and bear the ultimate articula- tions, which are about an inch long, and very easily break off. These bear when young, like other Opuntise, short terete subulate leaves, with a single spine in their axils, and above this a bunch of small ones. The specimens are not in flower, but are covered with the obovate umbilicate scarlet fruits, which are about eight lines long, fleshy, but not juicy, and contain^very few (2-5) white, compressed seeds. What is most remarkable, these fruits are often proliferous, and bear from one to four or five new branches from the upper bunches of spines. The fruit either, falls off with these branches, or else dries up, persists and finally forms part of the stem.1
1 Though unable to institute a proper comparison, I have little doubt that this is O. fragilis of Nuttall, attaining a fuller growth in that warm region than on the Missouri. The following species, collected in the same localities by Lindheimer, though not in sufficient quantity for distribution, have been studied in a living and (most of them) in a flowering state, by Dr. Engelmann, whose account of them is here appended. Unfortunately, neither Dr. Engelmann nor myself have access to
246 Engelmann and Gray,
245. Sedum sparsiflorum, Nutt. Naked places in the San Bernardo prairie, between the Brazos and the Colorado. April — May.
any adequate or authentic collection of Cacti, so as to institute the proper com- parisons. A. Gb.
" Mr. Lindheimer has sent seven other Cacti, mostly in living specimens, namely :
1. Opdntia, sp. without fruit or flower, probably O. vulgaris. It attains the height of several feet, with large obovate joints, and a few spines.
2. O. Missouriensis? Perhaps O. vulgaris, but very spiny.
3. Mammilaria similis (n. sp.): ea;spitosa ; axillis tuberculorum juniorum paulo tomentosis demum glabris ; tuberculis ovatis supra leviter sulcatis (sulco basin versus subtomentoso) apice spiniferis ; spinis (circ. 12) aqualibus rectis radiantibus albidis, junioribus puberulis basique tomento circumdalis ; baccis sparsis globosis coccineis. — Sandstone rocks, near Industry. Evidently near M. simplex, at least to Nuttall's plant of that name, but cssspitose, forming tufts often a foot in diameter. Flowers not seen. Berries scarlet, of the size of a large pea. Seeds numerous, subglobose, scrobiculate, black, with an elongated white hilum. I have living plants, but they have not yet flowered.
4. M. sulcata {n. sp.): caespitosa ; tuberculis ovato-oblongis sulco subinde apicem versus prolifero superne exaratis apice spiniferis ; spinis rectis radiantibus cinereis e tomento albido deciduo (in plantis adultis spina centralis subrecurva majore) ortis ; floribus centralibus fasciculatis e tomento ortis glaberrimis, tubo brevi ; sepalis lanceolatis acuminatis viridi-flavescentibus margine integerrimis ; petalis longioribus lanceolatis apicem versus ciliato erosis cuspidatis sordide flavis ad basin intus filamentisque brevibus rubicundis; stylo supra stamina exserto ; stigmatihus 7-10 flavis; baccis oblongis virescentibus. — With the preceding. Flowers opening for two or three days, in direct sunshine, two inches or more in diameter. On account of the central flowers, this should form, with M. vivipara, a distinct section. From that species it abundantly differs, not only in the color of the flower and the spines, but in the entire and smooth sepals, denticulate petals, &c. [This pretty species has also flowered in the Cambridge Botanic Garden.]
5. Echinocactus setispinus (n. sp .) : subglobosus, apice retusus ; costis ple- rumque 13 acutis subobliquis; aeuleis 15-18 fasciculatis tenuibus flexuosis flavi- canti-fuscis, superioribus 3-5 elongatis, 1-3 centralibus longissimis erectis, cacteris radiantibus ; floribus minutis solitariis e macula subtomentosa supra fasciculos aculeorum ortis ; sepalis in tubum concretis, apicibus liberis late ovatis acuminatis
scariosis margine fimbriatis ; fruetihus ; seminibus ovatis nigris
opacis minutim tuberculatis. — Musket-thickets, on the Colorado River. Near E. tenuispinus, Link fy Olio, from Brazil. Our specimens are about two inches in diameter, and an inch and a half high, with pretty sharp ribs separated by deep grooves. The longest spines are fifteen lines long. Flowers about five lines long.
6. E. Lindheimeri (n. sp.): hemispherico-depressus, vertice tomentoso ; costis 21 verticalibus acutis subundulatis; spinis e cicatrice ovato-lanceolata tomentosa ortis fasciculatis compressis cinereo-rubellis transversim annulato-striatis, exteriori- bus 6-7 inacqualibus radiantibus subrectis centrali recurvata multo brevioribus ; floribus e vertice depresso tomentoso ex axillis fasciculorum spinarum hornotinorum provenientibus confertissimis ; sepalis (80-100) in tubum brevem infundibulifor- mem lanosum coalitis lanceolatis spinoso-aristatis, interioribus margine fimbriatis ;
Planta Lindheimeriancs. 247
346. Galium virgatum, Nutt. Prairies. April.
247. Diodia tricocca, Torr. &r Gr. Fl. II. p. 30. Fertile places in the prairie, sixteen miles west of San Felipe. (Also collected by Dr. Wright.) June. Caespitose, depressed, and very much branched. All the specimens examined are tri- carpellary.
248. Spigelia Texana, A. DC. Prodr.lX. p. 5. (Coelos- tylis, Torr. fy Gr.) Shady woods along the Mill-creek west of San Felipe. July.
249. Aster Drummondii, Lindl. Shady, moist woods and thickets. September — October. This species exhibits many varieties, in respect to pubescence, and smoothness or roughness. Among them the A. urophyllus and A. hirtellus of Lindley, are probably to be identified.
250. Ch-etopappa asteroides, DC. Dry prairies. April to July.
petalis (40-50) lineari-oblongis margine fimbriato laceris apice bifidis aristatis ; staminibus numerosissimis aequalibus inclusis e toto tubo ortis stylo compresso brevioribus ; stigmate irregulariter 14-17-fido. — On deserted ant-hills, near the Colorado River. Often a foot in diameter: our specimens are eight or nine inches in diameter, and four or five inches high. Spines strongly annulate, stout, the larger ones often two inches long. Flowers about two inches in length, twelve or more aggregated in the woolly centre. The petals at the base are scarlet, verging to orange, from which a pale purple or violet midrib extends to the apex, and is pro- longed into a delicate bristle of the same color, while the upper part of the petal is pearly white, with feathery margins. The flowers remain for three days, expanding only in bright sunshine.
7. Cereus c^espitosus (??. sp.) : ovato-globosus demum cylindricus, apice de- presso-umbilicatus ; costis sub-15 e tuberculis confluentibus ortis rectis ; aculeis numerosis ex areola oblonga albo-tomentosa demum glabrata radiatis nunc recurvis, lateralibus longionbus ; floribus exaxillis tuberculorum anni prioris lateralibus ; ova- rio oblongo tuberculis e lana villosa spinigeris stipato; sepalis 40-50 apice spinis setiformibus villoque coronatis virescentibus, intimis lanceolatis acuminato-aristatis glabris coloratis ; petalis 30-40 apicem versus cilialo-denticulalis, exteriorihus subito acuminatis, interioribus obtusis cuspidatis ; staminibus inclusis stylo brevioribus ; stigmate viridi infundibuliformi 13-partito. — Gravelly soil, near Cat-Spring, west of San Felipe. A singular reduced Cereus, quite caespitose, and even proliferous occasionally, in the manner of Opuntia, beginning to flower when only two inches high, and scarcely taller than broad, but attaining the height of at least six inches ; the ribs from twelve to seventeen. It is in flower for two days ; the flowers about two inches broad when fully expanded. Petals rose-purple. Filaments reddish at the base, yellow at the summit." Engel.'
248 Engelmann and Gray,
251. Bellis integrifolia, Michx. A form with smaller heads and fewer rays than usual. Prairies. April — May.
252. Solidago angustifolia, Ell., Torr. &f Gr. I. c. Wet prairies (and even on dry soil) and banks of rivulets, very remote from salt water. June — August.
253. Isopappus divaricatds, Torr. &f Gr. Fl. II. p. 239. Light sandy soil. August — September.
254. I. Hookerianus, Torr. (^ Gr. I. c. Sandy prairies and on sandstone rocks on the Colorado. September. The specimens vary from six inches to two feet high ; some are simple, others much branched from the base. The rigid leaves are narrowly spatulate-lanceolate ; the heads pretty numerous, on short erect peduncles.
255. Grindelia inuloides, Willd. Prairies west of San Felipe. July — August. Stem five to six feet high, branch- ing only above.
256. Caly.mmandra Candida, Torr. fy Gr. I. c. Open woods west of the Brazos. April — May.1
257. Silphium scaberrimum, Ell. Woods near Industry. May — July.
258. Halea Ludoviciana, Torr. fy Gr. Fl. II. p. 304. Sandy post-oak woods, west of the Brazos. May — August. — Lowest leaves rhombic-ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, abruptly contracted into winged petioles, nearly as long as the blades, which are somewhat connate at the base. Exterior involucre with four rather strongly marked salient angles at the junction of the scales, whitish-tomentose inside.
259. Helianthus lenticularis, Dougl. Low woods and wet prairies. July — August. In rich bottom woods it often attains the height of ten or twelve feet, with the lower leaves six to eight inches broad. Flowers two and a half to three and a half inches in diameter ; achenia oval, thicker than is usual in the genus.
1 Pterocaulon virgatum, DC. A few specimens of what appears to be this West Indian species, were gathered near Houston, in open pine woods. September.
Plantce Lindheinieriance. 249
260. H. Maximiliani, Schrad. Prairies, margin of woods and deserted fields ; common from Houston to the Colorado, flowering in October and November. Stems four to seven feet high, much branched. Well distinguished by the great and equable cinereous roughness of the stem, and of both surfaces of the lanceolate attenuate-acuminate leaves. It becomes, however, much less rough in cultivation.
261. H. Maximiliani, (3 asperrimus. A variety of the last, as we take it to be, with a simple stem, two to three and and a half feet high, bearing solitary or few heads. Prairies between the Brazos and the Colorado, forming large patches. October.
262. H. grosse-serratus, Martens : the same form, with the large leaves silvery-tomentose beneath, which was col- lected in Texas by Drummond, and which, as it best deserves the specific name, is assumed in Torr. &f Gr. Fl. I. c. as the type of this variable species. Banks of rivulets and margin of woods. August — October.
263. H. grosse-serratus, (3 Toit. &f Gr. Fl. I. c. A less canescent variety, with the stem, although somewhat glaucous, slightly scabrous throughout. Prairies, &c, with H. Maximiliani.
264. Cosmidium filifolium, Tor?', fy Gr. Fl. II. p. 350. Prairies west of the Brazos. May — June. This is really a perennial, and proves quite ornamental in cultivation. It extends as far north as the south-western borders of Missouri.
265. Dysodia tagetoides, Torr. &/• Gr. Fl. II. p. 361. Wet prairies, and on sandstone hills of Mill-creek. August. This is also a perennial. The dots of the leaves are orange-yellow.
266. Palafoxia Hookeriana, Torr. fy Gr. I. c. Sandy post-oak woods, near Industry. August. We have it in cul- tivation, from Lindheimer's seeds. The flowers are rose-color or deep flesh-color, and about two inches in diameter ; the rays large and conspicuous, but often irregular, and some of them palmate.
267. Actinella linearifojlia, Torr. fy Gr. I. c. De- vol. v. 17
250 Engelmann and Gray,
clivity of sandstone hills near Industry. May — June. Rays yellow, turning white when fading.
268 &. 269. Senecio ampullaceus, (Hook?) : annuus vel biennis ; caule erecto fistuloso striato superne ramoso ; foliis inferioribus obovato-spathulatis in petiolum decurrentibus, superioribus ovato-lanceolatis acutis basi subcordata semiam- plexicaulibus, omnibus subintegris vel denticulatis ; cyma co- rymbosa ; pedicellis apice demum incrassatis ; involucro squa- mis setaceis paucis calyculato ; radiis 7-9 ; acheniis strigoso- canescentibus.
Var. a glaberrimus (No. 268) : caule foliisque angusti- oribus subintegerrimis glabris. Wet prairies.
Var. (3 floccosus (No. 269) : caule foliisque junioribus latioribus cano-floccosis ; superioribus e basi latiore acumina- tis, nunc grosse repando-dentatis. — Sandy prairies in loose, dry soil. April. Both forms are certainly annual or biennial.
270. Lygodesmia aphylla, (3 Texana, Torr. fy Gr. Fl. II. p. 4S5. Prairies. June — July. Roots penetrating deep into the soil. Some of the radical leaves are runcinate-pinna- tifid, with subulate lobes.
271. Pyrrhopappus grandiflorus, Nutt. Prairies, near San Felipe. April. Perennial ; the slender perpendicular root enlarging, at the depth of a few inches, into an oblong tuber, similar to the root of Cynthia Dandelion. Scapes several from one root, with or without a bract in the middle.
272. Asclepias (Otaria) Lindheimeri (n. sp.) : caudice perpendiculari incrassata caulem herbaceum pubescentem singulum erectum (vel plures adscendentes) emittente ; foliis oppositis ovatis obtusis (aut rarius lanceolatis) basi nunc sub- cordatis breviter petiolatis utrinque puberulis ; pedunculis brevissimis lateralibus ; pedicellis gracilibus pubescentibus corollae laciniis acutiusculis subduplo longioribus ; cucullis ad apicem sensim dilatatis subtrilobatis ; processu bifurco, ramo altero brevi incluso recto, altero longiore incurvo exserto ; folliculis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis puberulis carina exteriore setulis mollibus pi. m. conspersis. — Black, clayey soil, near
Plantce Lindheimeriance. 251
Industry. June — August. Also, in Drummond's Texan Collection. Stems six to sixteen inches high, from a very thick perpendicular root. Leaves mostly broadly oval, and obtuse. Flowers large and greenish : calyx pubescent, one- third the length of the corolla. Follicles ovate-lanceolate, and with a long acumination, " 8-angled, the angles often some- what tuberculated ; the outer one furnished with soft spines, or a dentated crest." Undheimer. This species is nearly allied to A. longicornu, Benth., which we find has a similar gynostegium, only a little more decidedly 3-lobed at the apex, as well as a bifurcated horn, both lobes of which are shorter than in our species. There is also a bifurcated horn in A. obtusifolia.
273. Gonolobus cynanchoides (n. sp.) : caulibus pluribus e radice subtuberoso debilibus basi ramosis adscendentibus pilosis ; ramis teretibus ; foliis inferioribus late ovatis, summis lanceolato-ovatis, omnibus basi cordatis breviter petiolatis sub- tus praesertim pubescentibus acutiusculis vel acutatis ; pedun- culis subnullis vel brevissimis bifioris ; pedicellis basi subulato- bracteolatis petiolo sublongioribus ; corollas rotati-campanulatoc lobis ovatis obtusis intus glaberrimis (extus parce pilosis) calycis segmenta ovato-oblonga acuta pilosa excedentibus ; corona staminea cyathiformi gynostegii basin cingente 5-loba, lobis rotundatis crassiusculis margine tenuiori cinctis, supra processu lineari scaphoideo arcuato instructis ; folliculis ovoi- deis utrinque attenuatis coriaceis muricatis pubescentibus ; seminibus (rufis) orbiculatis marginatis comosis. — Sandy soil, in open woods, near Industry. April — June. (Also, No. 190 and 203 of Drummond's second, and 237 of the third Texan collection.) Stems 6 to 15 inches high, diffuse ; leaves 1-2 inches long, cordate, with an open sinus, the uppermost some- times almost truncate at the base. Corolla greenish purple, about two lines in diameter. The fleshy lobes of the cup- shaped coronas are furnished in the middle with a small pro- cess, which is connected at the base with the mid-nerve of the anther, and is free and incurved at the obtuse point, the
252 Engelmann and Gray,
upper surface of which is excavated. The membranaceous cusps of the anther are triangular acute, and partly cover the very obtusely 5-angular and somewhat convex stigma. The small horizontal pollen-masses are oblong, slightly curved, and scarcely attenuated at the exterior (attached) end. — From the description, there can be little doubt that this plant is a congener of Chthamalia biflora, and C. pubiflora, Decaisne, in DC. jirodr., from which it differs in the glabrous corolla, etc. ; but surely it cannot be separated from Gonolobus, as that genus is left by Decaisne. The corona of Gonolobus, charac- terized as " annuliformis undulato-lobata, lobis integris prom- inentibus," exhibits great diversities in the admitted species, from the proper annular and 5-lobed crown of G. lsevis, to the campanulate one, with 10 long subulate and 5 short trian- gular teeth, of G. macrophyllus and G. hirsutus.
274. Eustoma Russellianum, Don, Griseb. Clayey, wet prairies. July — August.
275. Phlox Drummondii, Hook. Sandy soil, near water courses.
276. Convolvulus (Stylisma) Pickeringii, Torr. Dry, sandy prairies. May — July. — Specifically distinct, we sus- pect, from the C. tenellus, Lam. to which Choisy joins it.1
277. Cuscuta cuspidata (3. Vide No. 125, supra. Bot- tom lands of the Colorado River. August.
278. Lithospermum brevielorum (n. sp.) : caulibus soli- tariis, vel plurimis e radice nigro-purpurea fusiformi erectis apice ramosis, foliisque linearibus lineari-lanceolatisve margine revolutis utrinque strigoso-canescentibus ; floribus subpedicel- latis ; corolla calycis lacinias lineares strigosas vix sequante fauce exannulata, lobis erectis (an semper?) minutissime crenulatis ; nucibus albidis nitidis ovatis acutis, intus acute
1 The collection also comprises a few specimens of Convolvulus hastatus, Nutt. in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (n. ser.), V. p. 174 : which name, being sevpral times pre- occupied, we propose for it the name of C. lobatus. Sandstone rocks, near Industry. May, June. Stems prostrate, 8-4 feet long. Flowers rather small, white. Dr. Wright has also sent it from the Colorado.
PlantcB Lindheimeriana. 253
carinatis et impresso-punctatis. — L. Mandanense, Torr. in Nicollet, Rep. p. 155, non Hook. — Clayey prairies, near In- dustry. April, May. A foot high. Leaves rather scabrous above, almost exactly like those of L. longiflorum (L. incisum, Lehm.) ; the radical somewhat oblanceolate. Lobes of the corolla hirsute on the outside. Except the flowers, the plant has wholly the aspect of L. longiflorum ; but the corolla is shorter than in L. Mandanense, and entirely destitute of the append- ages in the throat, unless their rudiments may be obscurely discerned in the sinuses, not opposite the lobes of the corolla.
279. Eutoca strictiflora (n. sp.) : cinereo-hirsuta ; cau- libus plurimis simplicibus e radice annua adscendentibus ; fo- liis pinnatifidis lanceolato-oblongis (seu primordialibus integris obovatis), inferioribus in petiolum attenuatis lobis brevibus obtusis, superioribus sessilibus lobis lanceolatis acutiusculis ; racemis terminalibus multifloris elongatis arete secundis, fructi- feris strictis ; calycis laciniis spathulato-linearibus, fructiferis erectis auctis pedicello appresso parum longioribus ; corolla late campanulata calyce sesquilongioribus, tubo obscure 10- squamigero ; filamentis pilosiusculis inclusis ; ovario 14-20- ovulato ; capsula plerumque 12-sperma. — Sandy soil on the banks of the Brazos near San Felipe. March. A span high ; the whole plant almost hoary with a hirsute pubescence. Radical leaves with about 5, the upper cauline with 2 or 3 pairs of lobes. The erect calyx-segments as well as the pedi- cels give the crowded racemes in fruit a very stiff and strict appearance. Corolla apparently blue, a little hairy externally ; the margin very obscurely erose-crenulate ; the tube furnished at the base with 5 pairs of linear and narrow appendages which are adherent by the whole margin, so as to form 5 rather inconspicuous grooves which alternate with the stamens. The corolla is almost an inch in diameter in Lindheimer's speci- mens. The same species occurs in Drummond's Collection
* (3. No. 298) apparently with smaller flowers.
280. E. patuliflora (n. sp.) : pubescens, subcinerea ; caulibus e radice annua diffusis ramosis ; foliis spathulato-
254 Engelmann and Gray,
oblongis obovatisvc membranaceis pinnatifido-dentatis vel in- cisis basi angustatis sessilibus vel infimis petiolatis, dentibus subovatis obtusis ; racemis terminalibus simplicibus secundis ; calycis laciniis oblongis, fructiferis subspathulatis patulis pedi- cello filiformi patente seu reflexo multum brevioribus ; corolla late campanulata calycem parum excedentibus, tubo obscure ] O-squamigero ; filamentis pilosiusculis inclusis ; ovario 14— 16- ovulato ; capsula circiter 12-sperma. — Woods near San Fe- lipe. March — April. Stems 6 to 12 inches long, often de- cumbent. Whole plant with somewhat the habit of Eutoca viscida, but not glandular. Leaves 1 to 2 inches long. Ra- cemes lax ; the spreading pedicels an inch long in fruit. Corolla much smaller than in the foregoing species, deep blue, yellow at the base ; the margin of the lobes somewhat erose ; the 5 pairs of very small squamellae also as in E. strictifloi'a. — We can discern the obscure rudiments of the tubal ap- pendages in the corolla of Eutoca viscida. In E. hirsuta (Phacelia, Nutt.) No. 134 of this collection, they are very narrow but are distinctly visible under the microscope ; as also in the nearly allied E. parviflora. Hence we should have no hesitation in restoring the genus Cosmanthus of Nolte and Alph. DC. to Eutoca and Phacelia.1
281. Solanum mammosum, Linn. 1 ? Road-sides in prairies between the Brazos and the Colorado. June. A stout branching perennial, with broader, more canescent and lobed leaves than S. Carolinense.
282. Pentstemon Murrayanum, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3472. Dry sandy soil in open woods west of the Brazos. May — June. The splendid flame-colored flowers, with a scarlet bor- der, form a pleasing contrast with the bluish glaucous leaves. Pedicels erect, the flowers horizontal.
283. Gratiola sphjerocarpa, Ell. Along ponds and riv-
i Eutoca glabra = Phacelia glabra, Nutt. I. c. Of this a very few specimens were collected by Lindheimer. Fine specimens in fruit exist in Drummond's Texan Coll. III. No. 302. The capsule is about 6-seeded. The calyx-segments in fruit become ovate-lanceolate or oblon?.
Planta Lindheimeriana;. 255
ulets, flowering from February to April, and also through the summer.
284. Castilleja indivisa (Engel. MSS.) : " piloso-hispi- da ; foliis integris lineari-lanceolatis acutis basi pleraque rotun- datis, floralibus apice ovato- vel obovato-dilatatis coloratis ; spica demum elongata ; calycis lobis late obovatis apice colora- tis truncatis retusisve corolla paulo vel vix longioribus. — Valde affinis quoad flores C. coccinece, et quoad folia C. lithospermi- folicn, ab ilia imprimis foliis indivisis, ab hac statura saepius
elatiore differt, foliis acutioribus et capsulis majoribus." Benth. in DC. prodr. ined. — Prairies from Houston to the Colorado : March to June. Also collected by Drummond and Berlandier.
285. Hedeoma Drummondii, Benth. : but the verticillastri are only about 3-flovvered, and the corolla is long and much exserted. Yet it is certainly the same species as Nos. 276 and 278 of Drummond's Third Texan Collection. — Sandstone rocks near Industry. July. The whole plant has the taste and odor of lemon-peel.
The two following Labiate plants, upon which Dr. Engel- mann proposes to establish two new genera, viz., No. 286. Stachyastrum (so called from the resemblance of the plant to Stachys in habit) ; and 287. Brazoria (from the habitat on the river Brazos,) we think may, notwithstanding minor dif- ferences, be properly associated in a single genus, which will be well distinguished from Physostegia by the inflated bilabiate calyx which becomes closed in fruit by the inflexion of the lower lip. The genus should perhaps be referred to the tribe Scutellarinere rather than Stachydese. It may be thus charac- terized.
BRAZORIA, Gen. nov.
Calyx late campanulatus, bilabiatus (labio superiore breviter 3-lobo, inferiore 2-lobo) per anthesin inflatus, post anthesin e surrectione labii inferioris clausus, indistincte nervosus, reticu- lato-venosus. Corolla tubo longe exserto, fauce inflata ; limbi
256 Engelmann and Gray,
bilabiati labio supcriore erecto subgaleato breviter bilobo vel integro, inferiore profunde trifido, lobis rotundatis patentibus seu recurvis. Stamina 4, sub labio superiore adscendentia : filamenta supra medium corollae adnata, ubi pilosa, inferioribus eminentibus : antherae approximata? ; loculis distinctis divari- cantibus ad rimam pi. m. ciliatis. Stylus glaber apice eequali- ter bifidus, lobis subulatis. Achenia sicca. — Herbse annua?, Texance, facie foliis et inflorescentia Physostegiae. Corolla incarnata, fauce luteola.
<§> 1. Eubrazoria. Calycis lobi latissimi, truncati, subsequa- les, mucronato-denticulati : corolla majuscula tubo prope basin piloso-annulato ; fauce infra labium inferiorem intrusa quodam- modo palatum efficiente ; lobis omnibus eroso-crenulatis, iisdem labii inferioris sequalibus, apice bilobis : achenia triangulata, pubera.
286. Brazoria truncata = Physostegia truncata, Benth. Lab. p. 505 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3494. — Sandy soil on de- serted ant-hills, &c, in the prairies along the Brazos : May — June. It was first collected by Drummond (No. 274 of the Third Collection) ; and has since been gathered on the Colo- rado by Dr. Wright. Stem pubescent, scarcely a foot high. Spike dense. Calyx hairy at the base, especially after flower- ing. Flowers nearly as large as in Physostegia Virginiana : the tube of the corolla spotted with purple. The lobes of the lower lip of the calyx are usually merely mucronulate in the middle ; those of the upper are erose-denticulate with mucro- nulate teeth. In fruit the achenia are contained in a gibbous cavity belonging to the upper side of the calyx : this is closed by the inflexion of the lower lip, which is appressed to the face of the upper, or partly wrapped around it ; so that the fructiferous calyx is flat on the lower side, and very gibbous at the base of the upper side.
§> 2. Stachyastrum. Calycis sub-7-nervis labium superius latum, lobis rotundatis ; inferius angustum, lobis triangu- lari-lanceolatis, omnibus cuspidato-mucronatis : corolla exan- nulata, parvula ; lobo medio labii inferioris ceeteris majore,
PlantfE Lindheimeriana. 257
retuso, marginibus in omnibus fere integerrimis : achenia sub- globosa, laevia.
287. B. scutellarioides, n. sp. — In heavy black soil on the prairies near Cat Spring, west of the Brazos : April, May. The plant was also collected by Drummond, and specimens were distributed, under No. 274, of the Third Collection, mixed with B. truncata, which it greatly resembles in habit and foliage. The stem is glabrous, however, though the in- florescence, as well as the calyx, is minutely pubescent. The flowers are scarcely half the size of the preceding : the calyx is more deeply bilabiate, and the lobes, except the middle one of the upper lip, pointed with a rather conspicuous cusp : in fruit the upper lobes are somewhat curved backwards, while the narrow lower lip is incurved, so as nearly to close the ori- fice. Corolla flesh-color : anthers purplish.
288. Physostegia intermedia = Dracocephalum interme- dium, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. I. c. Wet prairies west of San Felipe, growing in patches, — a smaller plant than P. Virginiana, with a much more slender spike. The cauline leaves, especially the upper ones, are broadest and cordate at the base, and serrate throughout. Our plant accords with No. 275 of Drummond's Third Texan Collection. No. 274 is a form with acute and more entire leaves, more nearly that described by Nuttall. It is difficult to distinguish the species sufficiently from some forms of P. Virginiana.
289. Verbena bipinnatifida = Glandularia bipinnatifida, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. I. c. Rich prairies, &c. March, April. A plant with more prostrate and radicant sterile stems, more dissected leaves, denser spikes, smaller flowers, shorter calyx, and also more hirsute than V. Aubletia.
290. Dipteracanthus (^ Meiophanes, corolla parva cadu- ca, limbo vix expansa) micranthus (n. sp.) : subglaber, caule crecto ramoso ; foliis lanceolato-oblongis subintegerrimis utrin- que acutis in petiolum brevem attenuatis, junioribus ciliatis ; cymulis paucifloris subsessilibus axillaribus bracteis ovalibus brevioribus ; calycis laciniis subulato-lanceolatis piloso-ciliatis corollam inconspicuam capsulamque 8-spermam scquantibus.
258 Engelmann and Gray,
— Low woods between the Brazos and the Colorado : June — Sept. Also collected by Drummond (Coll. II. No. 202.) (In similar situations, near St. Louis, Engelmann, and Ala- bama, Buckley.) — Plant 1 to 3 feet high, with much the aspect of D. strepens in fruit, except that the leaves are nar- rower (the lower cauline barely ovate-oblong,) or of D. hybri- dus (but nearly glabrous,) but remarkable for its quite inconspicuous flowers. Corolla only about four lines long, whitish, the limb perhaps very rarely expanding, 5-toothed. Filaments conspicuously connate by pairs at the base in a ligula : anthers muticous. Style somewhat hairy : one of the lobes of the stigma abortive, the remaining one subulate. Capsule and seeds as in D. strepens, &C.1
291. Dianthera Americana, Linn. Creeks of the Colo- rado ; July — Aug. — Seeds destitute of the mucilaginous coating, and appressed hairs of Dipteracanthus, &c.
1 There are two other well-marked new species of Dipteracanthus (Ruellia) in Drummond's Texan Collection, viz.
D. Dkummondii (Torr. <$• Gr. MSS.) : cinereo-pubescens et pilis mollibus hir- suta ; caulihus e basi ramosis adscendentibus ; foliis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusiusculis saepe repandis arete sessilibus ; floribus in axillis subsolitariis breviter pedunculatis vel subsessilibus ; bracteis lanceolatis ; calycis laciniis filiformibus hirtis tubo corol- las infundibuliformis multum brevioribus capsulam clavato-ovoideam 4-spermam ex- cedentibus. — Stems 6 to 20 inches high. Leaves li-2 inches long, somewhat erect, about the length of the internodes, or the upper more approximate usually very obtuse at the base. Corolla 2\ inches long, the slender tube finely infundibuliform at the summit. Anthers muticous. — Var. a. Tex. Drum. Coll. II. No. 220, and III. No. 258. /?. Very hirsute and more branched. Coll. II. No. 219.
D. (Calophanes) linearis {Torr. $• Gr. MSS.) : humilis, subpubescens ; cau- libus e basi lignosa ramosissiniis diffusis ; foliis lineari-oblanceolatis integriusculis obtusis basi attenuatis subsessilibus ; floribus solitariis geminisve in axillis subses- silibus ; bracteis foliis conformibus calycem subsequautibus ; calycis laciniis hirtis subulato-setaceis tubum corolla paulo exeedentibus capsulam oblongam tetragonam demum quadrivalvem 2-4-spermam superantibus. — Texas, Drummond's Coll. II. No. 178. Also near Columbus, Dr. Wright. Stems or branches a span long. Leaves an inch in length. Corolla about as large as in D. {Calophanes) bijlora or oblongifolia ; the tube short, and the limb somewhat bilabiate. The sepals, as in the above-mentioned species, united below into a short tube. Anthers subsagittate, the cells distinctly cuspidate at the base. Stigma single. Capsule somewhat fusi- form ; the valves each separating into two through the complete dissepiment. The hairs of the seed are very slender, and marked with extremely delicate rings. — We have not the fruit of the allied D. bijlora (Ruellia oblongifolia, Michx.) Perhaps the genus Calophanes might be kept apart from Dipteracanthus, if, indeed, either be sufficiently distinct from Ruellia proper. A. Gr.
Plantce Lindheimeriance. 259
292. Utricularia personata, Le Conte, DC. Not suffi- ciently distinguishable from U. cornuta. — Wet soil. April.
293. Oxybaphus pilosa ? == Alliona ovata, Pursh. Caly- menia pilosa, Nutt. — Both bad names, as the stem and leaves are sometimes nearly glabrous, and the leaves are mostly oblong-lanceolate. Prairies west of the Brazos. July, August. Leaves on very short petioles. Involucre 2-flowered. Stamens 4-5, exserted. (Also collected in Texas, by Dr. Wright.)
294. Boerhavia diffusa, Tlilld. Roadsides and prairies ; a common weed. September — October.
295. Rivina portulaccoides, Nutt. in Trans, Amer. Phil. Soc. I. c. Woods and prairies, near Industry. June — Oc- tober. — A perennial herb, with a ligneous rhizoma.
296. Polygonum cristatum (n. sp.) : caule herbaceo volu- bili angulato-striato ; foliis e basi subcordata vel truncata triangularibus acuminatis margine scabris ; floribus in axillis foliorum glomeratis seu in spicas foliaceas laxe dispositis ; floribus octandris ; stigmatibus 3 sessilibus ; laciniis perigonii fructiferis tria exterioribus cristato-alatis, alis crenato-incisis ; nucibus parvis trigonis nitidis. — Margin of woods, &c. near Industry. July. Near Polygonum scandens and P. dume- torum, from which it is distinguished by its less cordate and more triangular leaves, and the crenately incised wings of the three outer sepals, in fruit ; and also by the smaller nuts, which are just one line in length. In P. scandens the nuts are more than a line and a half, in P. dumetorum fully two lines long. In the latter the broad wings are undulate and entire. In P. scandens they are somewhat crenate, but often one or all three are wanting. In P. Convolvulus the wings are wanting, and the nuts are opaque.
297. Erigonum multiflorum, Benth. Sandy prairies, near Industry. July — October. — The stamens in the fertile flowers are very woolly towards the base.
298. Aristolochia longiflora (n. sp.~) : radice filiformi elongata ; caule humili adscendente ramoso ; foliis longe linearibus utrinque acutissimis subsessilibus glabris ; floribus axillaribus pedunculatis basi unibracteatis extus pubescentibus,
260 Engelmann and Gray,
limbo e basi-cordata valde producto lineari acuminato tubo angusto multo longiore. — Shady, grassy places near Mill creek. April — July. A remarkable species, with a very long and simple aromatic root, and several weak, decumbent stems branching from the base, about a span high. Leaves three to five inches long, and one to three lines wide ; the attenuated limb of the perigonium as long as the leaves. Capsule glabrous.
299. A. reticulata, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (N. Ser.) V. p. 162. Thickets west of the Brazos. May — June. — Root similar in sensible properties to that of A. ser- pentaria, but of coarser fibres ; and also used medicinally as a snake-root.
300. Euphorbia herniarioides, Nutt. 1. c. p. 171. Clayey soil, near Industry. July — September. Also in Mississippi, Missouri, &c. The smallest of our procumbent Euphorbiae ; the leaves from a line and a half to two or three lines long, obliquely obtuse or subcordate at the base. Glands of the involucre narrowly petaloid-margined. Cocci smooth and somewhat carinate. Seeds grey marked with reddish, obo- vate-oblong, obtusely angled, smooth.
301. E. arenaria (Nutt. 1. c.) : annua, erecto-patula, gla- bra ; foliis oppositis distantibus linearibus integerrimis obtusis mucronatis basi subobliqua acutis breviter petiolatis ; stipulis e basi lata subulatis distinctis subintegris ; pedicellis petiolos longe superantibus solitariis ; appendicibus involucri petaloi- deis plerumque 4-ovatis subacutis insequalibus ; seminibus obovato-subglobosis loevibus e rubello cinereis. — Sandy places, especially about fresh ant-hills, near Industry ; also on sand- stone rocks. June — August. Forming large bushy masses, often six feet in circumference, and two feet or more in height. Its slender habit, long and narrow leaves, and conspicuous white flowers, give it somewhat the appearance of a large Galium.1
1 A remaining species of the stipulate division of this genus is E. Geyeri, (Engcl. MSS.) : depressa, humilis ; foliis oblongis retusis integer- rimis glaberrimis ; stipulis setaceo-multifidis ; involucri appendicibus petaloideis; seminibus minoribus quam in E. polygonifolia cinereis. — Beardstown, Illinois, and Upper Missouri, Geyer. Near E. polygonifolia.
Planta Lindheimeriance. 261
302. E. Arkansana (n. sp.) : annua, gracilis, glaberrima ; caule erecto ramoso ; foliis sparsis spathulato-obovatis apicem versus serrulatis mucronato-acutis sessilibus, inferioribus in petiolum angustatis ; umbellis trichotomis bis dichotomis ; bracteis rotundatis subcordato-ovatis mucronatis serrulatis ; glandulis involucri (aurantiacis,) orbiculatis;capsulis verrucosis; seminibus (brunneis) reticulatis. — Prairies, from Houston to the Colorado. April — July. Also, Fort Gibson, Arkansas, Engelmann, and Western Louisiana, Dr. Hale. — Plant 8 to 12 inches high, with much the appearance of E. peploides, Nutt. ; which abundantly differs in its entire and retuse leaves, entire and more cordate bracts, smooth capsules and smooth seeds. The seeds and serrulate leaves in our plant are more like E. Helioscopia on a small scale, but, besides that ours is much more slender and smaller in all its parts ; the broadly-ovate acute bracts are very different.
303. E. marginata, /3 ULOLEUCA : bracteis oblongis ovali- lanceolatisve acutis, marginibus latissime albidis saepe pi. m. crispis ; ramulis villosis. — Bottom lands of the Colorado. August. — Seeds tuberculate-rugose, as in the ordinary forms of E. marginata.
304. PlLINOPHYTUM CAPITATUM, KlotZSCh, (cf. No. 171.)
Low prairies, on the Colorado. September, October.
305. Hendecandra Texensis, Klotzsch in Erichs. Archiv, (1841) I. p. 252. Croton muricatum, Nutt. in Mem. Amer. Phil. Soc. 1. c. p. 173. Prairies on the Colorado, the sterile and fertile plants generally intermixed, and covering large patches of ground. An annual plant, about three feet high. Leaves often lanceolate-oblong, and half an inch wide ; those of the fertile plant greener above than in the sterile, as de- scribed by Nuttall, but often wider rather than narrower. Stigmas 20-24. The hypogynous disk orbicular. — Klotzsch wrongly describes the stem as suffruticose, and has not noticed the flocciferous soft tuberculi of the capsule, which are as evi- dent in our Drummondian specimens as in those of Lindhei- mer. The H. multiflora, Torr. in Fremont's Rejwrt, 1843, is the same species.
262 Engelmann and Gray,
306. Aphora (vide No. 175, supra) humilis (n. sp.) : strigoso-pilosa ; caulibus basi ramosissimis adscendentibus dif- fasis ; foliis oblongis ovato-lanceolatisve obtusis basi attenuatis brevissime petiolatis superne demum glabratis ; capitulis axil- laribus folio multum brevioribus paucifloris ; petalis in fl. masc. calycem paulo superantibus lanceolatis, in fl. foemineo subulatis glandulis disci brevioribus. — In hard clayey soil, west of the Brazos. March — August. (Also, Texas, Drummond, Col- lection Second, No. 230, and Dr. Wright.) Plant 6 to 8 inches high ; the base of the stem ligneous. Leaves an inch or an inch and a half long. The clusters contain one fertile and about four staminate flowers. The fruit and seeds not half the size of those of the two other Texan species ; the latter globose and rugose, as in the other species, at first curiously striate-reticulated, but when old more even.
307. Tragia brevispica (n. sp.) : multicaulis, ramosa, de- cumbens; ramis apice flexuosis vel subvolubilibus ; foliis e basi cordata truncatave triangulari-lanceolatis (superioribus fere linearibus) irregulariter acute dentatis parce pilosis petio- latis ; spicis folio oppositis multo brevioribus ; flore foemineo ad basin unico, masculis paucis ; capsulis hispidulis. — Black, clayey soil, in the prairies west of the Brazos. May — July. Differs from T. urticoefolia (perhaps not specifically) in the procumbent stems, which often form diffuse tufts two or three feet in diameter, and the smaller and narrower leaves, as well as the short spikes and smaller flowers and fruit ; the latter is less hispid.
308. Forestiera acuminata, Poir. Banks of the Brazos, near San Felipe. March. It extends as far north as on the Wabash, in Illinois.1
309. Querctjs cinerea, Michx. Sandy, hilly soil ; form- ing groves in the prairies west of the Brazos, along with
1 Ulmus crassifolia, Nult. was sparingly collected by Lindheimer ; the tree was in flower, for the second time, in September. The perigonium is divided to the base into eight linear segments; and the ovary and fruit are villous.
Plantm Lindheimeriance. 263
Q. obtusiloba ; flowering in February. A small tree, crooked, and much branched ; the earliest flowering species in Texas.
310. PoTAMOGETON DIVERSIFOLIUS, /3. SPICATUS, Ellgel. in
Sill. Jour. 46, p. 102. Clear rivulets, in prairies, west of San Felipe. April. Leaves 5-7-13-nerved.
311. P. natans, Linn., Var. ? foliis infimis elongato-lan- ceolatis utrinque acutissimis pellucidis breviter petiolatis, se- quentibus longius petiolatis sensim magis oblongis et coriaceis, summis natantibus oblongis ellipticisve ; fructibus lenticulari- compressis margine acutiusculis. — In clear water and pools, west of the Brazos. June. Intermediate in its characters between P. natans and P. fluitans ; and in the absence of the upper leaves, very difficult to distinguish from P. lucens.
312. Xyris torta, Smith, Kunth, Enum. 4, p. IV. (ex char.) Springy places. May. Also, in Drummond's Texan Collection.
313. Sysirinchium minus (n. sp.) : pumilum ; caule an- cipiti ramoso folioso ; spatha paulo insequali flores sequante vel subexcedente ; perigonii segmentis (cceruleis) ovatis exte- rioribus setaceo-mucronatis ; capsulis obovati-ovalibus glabris. — Margin of pools, &c. in the prairie west of San Felipe. April. Distinguished from the other North American species, by the smaller size of the whole plant (3-6 inches high,) the much branched stem, the ovate, not obcordate or emarginate, lobes of the perigonium, and the form of the capsule. Spathe not mucronate, about 4-flowered. Seeds numerous and very small, impressed-dotted, black.
314. Habranthus Texanus, Herb. Low prairies of the Colorado, in black, clayey soil ; flowering in September. Pe- rigonium reddish-orange outside, yellow within.
315. Eleocharis acicularis, R. Br. var. Ponds and pools on Mill Creek. March.
316. Tripsacum cylindricum, Michx. Prairies. Apri',
May.
317. Andropogon macrourus, Michx. September.
318. Chara polypiiylla, Michx., A. Braun. On the
264 Engelmann and Gray, Plantce Lindheimeriana.
clayey bottom of clear rivulets, in the prairies between the Brazos and Colorado. July, and the whole year round.1
*m* No. 151. Monarda Lindheimeri of this enumeration must be the same as M. scabra, Beck, in Sill. Jour. X. p. 260, which name should therefore be adopted.
1 In addition to the enumeration of the North American Chara, published in Silliman's Journal, Vol. XLVI. p. 92, (January, 1844,) we record the following notices, communicated by Professor Braun :
Mr. Lindheimer has sent from Texas specimens of Chara fiexilis, Linn. ? (incom- plete specimen,) and of Ch. lenuissima, Desv. This last, as well as the specimens from Massachusetts, may be distinguished as var. Americana ; the whorls are less densely glomerate, but more approximate than in the European form.
Chara polyphylla, A. Br., is a very polymorphous plant, occurring in many differ- ent forms in America, Asia, and the Sandwich Islands. Professor Braun distin- guishes seven subspecies.
a. Ch. polyphylla Michauxii (Ch. polyphylla, A. Br. in Regensb. Bot. Zeit. 1835, p. 70; Ch. Michauxii, A. Br. in Sillim. Journ. 1. c. No. 11 ; Ch. capillata, Michaux in herb. Jussieu ; Ch. hailensis, Turpin, Diet. sc. nat. Atlas.) Ohio, (Michaux, Dr. Frank) ; Missouri, (Dr. Engelmann) ; Texas, (Mr. Lindheimer) ; Hayti, (Turpin, 1796.) This is the stoutest, and also the most northern of all species and subspecies of the remarkable group of Gymnopodce, A. Br. There are five species now known, belonging to this group; and of these Ch. polyphylla is the most polymorphous, and widest spread species. — The Gymnopodae are distin- guished by having the lowest (often very short) joint of the otherwise coated leaves (commonly called verticillated branchlets) naked, or destitute of the coating.
b. Ch. polyphylla guadeloupcnsis, (Ch. indica, Bert.) Guadeloupe, Bertero. More slender, with smaller, more elongated seed vessels (sporangia) and still shorter bracts.
c. Ch. polyphylla ceylanica, (Ch. zeylanica, Klein in Willd.) Ceylon, Pondi- cherry, Madras, etc.
d. Ch. polyphylla javanica.
e. Ch. polyphylla Muhlenbcrgii, (Ch. foliosa, Muhlenb. in Willd. ; Sillim. Journ. 1. c, p. 93, No. 10.) Pennsylvania, Muhlenberg. Very near subspecies C. ceylan- ica, and distinguished from a. Michauxii, by the bracts being much longer than the sporangia, while they are shorter in Michauxii.
f. Ch. polyphylla Humboldtiana, (Ch. compressa, H. B. K.) New Andalusia, Humboldt. A variety with some of the upper joints of the leaves destitute of the coating.
g. Ch. polyphylla armata, (Ch. armata, Meyen, Rcisebesch.) Sandwich Islands Meyen. Distinguished by the stronger spines, and also mostly naked upper joints and smaller seed vessels.
A second species, distinct from Ch. polyphylla, but also belonging to Gymnopodce, has been collected by Dr. Engelmann, in lakes in the bottom lands of the Missis- sippi, near Saint Louis ; it is called by Professor Braun
Ch. sejuncta, a more slender and greener plant than the last, but principally dis- tinguished by the seed vessels (sporangia) and globules (often called anthers) being always found on different joints of the leaves (or branchlets,) never as in most other species, together on the same joint. — Martius has collected the same species in Brazil ; the North American form is larger, and more slender, aud has bracts shorter than the seeds; and may therefore be called var. brcvibradcata, and the Brazilian variety, longibractcala.
B OS TON
JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY.
VOLUME VI. — NO. II.
Art. I. — Plants Lindheimeriante, Part IT. An Account of a Collection of Plants made by F. Lindheimer in the Western part of Texas, in the Years 1845 — 6, and 1847 — 8, with Critical Remarks, Descriptions of new Species, fyc. By Asa Gray, M. D.
[The numbers follow on from the end of the former collection, as published in Vol. V. of this Journal, through the collection of 1S45-6, and thence to the later collection. Those inclosed in ( ) belong to the collection of 1S47 -8; for greater convenience in describing them, they are here intercalated. The few numbers in brackets below 319 belong to species which occurred in the former distribution. Those marked with a t in place of a number have not been distributed at all. The orders elaborated by Dr. Engelmann have his name affixed to that of the Order.]
RANUNCULACEjE.
319. Clematis Drummondii, Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 1. p. 9. Dry prairies, Comale Spring, &x. June. Cultivated in the Cambridge Botanic Garden, from Texan seeds, this plant climbs extensively, but does not show its blossoms until Octo- ber. The calyx is yellowish green, tinged with purple.
320. Ranunculus repens, Linn. var. macranthus : pe- talis 7 — 16; caulibus petiolisque villosissimis. R. macran- thus, Scheele in Linncca, 21, p. 585. Sparsely on high, rocky plains, and in patches on damp Muskit (Algarobia) flats, New Braunfels. March. — Mr. Wright has specimens
JOURNAL B. S. N. H. 19 JAN. 1850.
142 Plantce Lindheimeriance.
of the same plant, with the leaves also densely silky-vil- lous, nearly as much so as in R. canus, Benth. PL Hartw. No. 1626, from California ; indeed, it would seem to belong to the same species ; but the carpels are, as in our R. repens, pointed with a pretty long, straight, or flexuous beak, slen- derly subulate from a broad base, and not " mucrone valde recurvo fere circinnato," as R. canus is characterized. My specimen of the latter exhibits no fruit. The petals are in some specimens nearly an inch in length ; in others no larger than in ordinary American forms of R. repens, into which it passes by every kind of gradation.
f Delphinium virescens, Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 14 ; Torr. fy Gr. Fl. 1. p. 32; floribus albis. Rocky prairies and hills, Comale Spring. April. The species is very likely to be considered as only a broader-leaved variety of D. azureum.
321. D. virescens, Nutt., var. floribus subcasruleis. Dry and rocky prairies, and margins of thickets, New Braunfels. April.
BERBERIDACEJE.
322. Berberis (Trilicina, Gray,) trifoliolata, Mori- cand,Pl. Nouv. Amer. p. 113, t. 69. B. ilicifolia, Scheele in Linncea,2l, p. 591, non Forst. B. Roemeriana, Scheele, I. c. 22, p. 352. High shore of Matagorda Bay. Also common in the interior of Texas, on Comale Creek, at New Braunfels, &.c. (575.) An evergreen shrub, with few branches, but with many stems from the same base, often forming large thickets. It flowers in February and March ; and the yellow blossoms exhale the odor of saffron. The globose berries, about the size of peas, ripen in May, are red, aromatic, and acid ; they are called " currants " by the inhabitants, and are used for tarts, &c. This interesting species, which is remarkable for its palmately trifoliolate leaves, is first men- tioned in the Appendix to the first volume of the Flora of N. America, as having been gathered by Drummond with- out flower or fruit. In 1841, it was named and characterized
Planta Lindheimeriarue. 143
by Moricand, from flowering specimens which occurred in Berlandier's Texan Collection. We have now fine specimens both in flower and fruit from Mr. Lindheimer's, Mr. Wright's, and from Dr. Gregg's collections ; the latter met with it as far south as Buena Vista. I have characterized it as a third section of Berberis, in the Genera Am. Bor.-Gr. lllustrata, 1. p. 80.
CRTJCIFER/E.
323. Streptanthus petiolaris, Gray, PL Fendl. p. 7. Muskit thickets and shady woods, New Braunfels and San Antonio. March. — All the lower leaves, as well as the base of the stem, are more hairy in my specimen than in those cultivated in the Cambridge Botanic Garden, from seeds taken from Mr. Wright's plant ; and the radical leaves are barely lyrate-pinnatifid, and rounded at the summit. From seeds sown in early spring, it flowers and fruits during the summer and autumn.
f S. bracteatus (Gray, Gen. Am. Bor.-Or. 111. 1. p. 146, t. 60. fig. 1-3.): glaberrimus, subglaucus ; foliis caulinis auriculato-amplexicaulibus, inferioribus oblongis acutis ssepe repando-dentatis, superioribus cordatis sinu profundo clauso in bracteas cordatas (inferiores florem, summas pedicellum subaequantes) sensim decrescentibus ; petalis obovatis purpu- reis ; siliquis angustis praelongis (5^-6 unc.) patentibus sub- falcatis. — At New Braunfels. June. Also gathered by Mr. Wright on sand bars of the Colorado, near Austin, in flower only, in the month of April. The radical leaves are sometimes entire or barely repand-toothed, sometimes incised or even lyrately pinnatisect, with most of the lower segments minute. One of Mr. Wright's specimens is remarkable for having all the lower cauline leaves pinnately parted in this way, and petioled. The sepals are tinged with deep purple ; the petals are light purple, with the broad spreading lamina half an inch in length. No ripe pods were gathered. The largest seen are about six inches long, but less than a line wide ; the immature seeds are winged. I have no specimens
144 PlantcE Lindheimeriance.
of S. obtusifolius nor of S. maculatus, with which last espe- cially our plant should be critically compared. But Dr. Tor- rey informs me that these species want the bracts, so uncom- mon in CrucifercE, and which so conspicuously distinguish S. bracteatus.
324. Erysimum Arkansanum, Nutt. in Torr. fy Gr. Fl. 1. p. 94; Gray, Gen. 111. 1. t. 63. Wooded, rocky banks, &c, Comale Spring, and on the Guadaloupe. March, April. — A showy species, with large, deep, golden yellow, and faintly fragrant flowers. It was found on the Rio Grande by Mr. Wright.
325. Vesicaria Engelmanii (Gray, Gen. Am. Bor.-Or. 111. 1. p. 162, t. 70) : perennis, pube lepidoto-stellata argentata; caulibus e caudice sublignoso plurimis simplicibus erectis su- perne parce foliatis ; foliis inferioribus spathulatis seu oblance- olatis rariter repando vel sinuato-dentatis in petiolum attenu- atis, superioribus sublinearibus integerrimis ; racemo etiam fructifero brevi saspius corymbiformi ; silicula globosa glaber- rima breviter stipitata 5-12-sperma (loculis 8-ovulatis) stylo pergracili breviora ; seminibus submarginatis ; funiculis septo longe adnatis. — Pebbly shore of the Guadaloupe, New Braunfels. May. Chiefly with mature fruit. (The same species, apparently, with elliptical and entire radical leaves, was found on the Upper Canadian, by Mr. Gordon.) From Lindheimer's seeds, this handsome and very distinct perennial species is in cultivation in the Cambridge Botanic Garden. It makes a strong, deep root. The clustered, simple stems rise to the height of a span or a foot, are clothed, like the foliage, with a silvery pubescence composed of dense and closely appressed stellar tufts, and are terminated by a short and dense, usually umbelliform, raceme of golden yellow flow- ers, which are fully as large as those of V. grandiflora, the petals being half an inch long. Lower leaves two to three inches in length. The style is one third of an inch in length. I should have adopted Dr. Engelmann's or Lindheimer's name of V. umbellata, under which the specimens were sent,
Planice Lindheimeriance. 145
and which is not inappropriate to this form, where the pedicels are as long as the axis of the fruiting raceme, except that, in the cultivated and some wild specimens, the raceme elongates in fruit to the length of three or four inches, as in the sue ceeding.
(576.) V. Engelmannii, var. p. elatior: racemo fructi fero extenso (3 - 4-pollicari). V. pulchella, Kunth &f Bouche, in Ann. Sci. Nat. 3-ieme Ser. 2, p. 229 (Apr. 1849,) ex char.
326. V. angustifolia, Nutt. in Torr. fy Gr. Fl. 1. p. 101. Summit of hills, in large patches, on stony soil, New Braun- fels. March, in flower. Accords entirely with the original specimens. What Scheele has taken for this species is evi- dently V. recurvata, at least in part.
327. V. Lindheimeri (sp. nov.) : radice crassa perenni ; caulibus decumbentibus foliosis cinereis ; foliis oblongis ar- gute sinuato- vel laciniato-dentatis imis lyrato-pinnatifidis pube implexa appressissima (e pagina superiore sero subdecidua) argenteo-incanis ; racemo fructifero elongato ; silicula ovoideo- globosa glaberrima stipite plus duplo stylo subduplo longiore ; seminibus immarginatis. — Black, stiff prairie soil on the lower Guadaloupe, east of Victoria. February, in flower and fruit. — This appears to be a truly perennial species, and is remark- able for its strongly toothed leaves, as well as for the matted, extremely fine and close-pressed, silvery pubescence which clothes them. The upper surface of the older leaves, how- ever, is merely cinereous with minute and rather sparse stellar down. Petals apparently light yellow, three or four lines long.
328. V. bensiflora (sp. nov.) : annua v. biennis, pube stellata laxa cinerea ; caulibus adscendentibus usque ad flores foliosis ; foliis oblongo-spathulatis vel oblanceolatis basi atten- uatis saepius repando-denticulatis, radicalibus integris; race- mo etiam fructifero denso multifloro, pedicellis erectiusculis ; silicula estipitata subdepresso-globosa glaberrima stylo bre- viore 10-16-sperma (loculis 8-ovulatis) ; seminibus im-
146 Planta Lindheimeriana.
marginatis; funiculis septo longe adnatis. — Prairies near Victoria, on the lower Guaclaloupe ; February, in flower. Gravelly banks of streams, Fredericksburg; May, in fruit (577.) (Also, near Austin, Mr. Charles Wright.') — Stems numerous from the same root, rather stout, spreading or ascending, 5 to 10 inches long, leafy to the top. Leaves equally cinereous both sides, as well as the stem and pedicels, with a rather loose stellar pubescence ; the cauline an inch or less in length ; even the radical undivided and barely re- pand or repand-denticulate. Flowers bright yellow, smaller by about one third than those of V. grandiflora. The remark- ably dense raceme becomes in fruit from two to four inches long, often ripening as many as fifty silicles ; the lower pedi- cels usually subtended by leaves. Silicles two lines in diame- ter, slightly didymous as well as depressed, not strictly sessile on the receptacle as in V. grandiflora, but raised on a barely appreciable stipe. Style fully two lines long. Seeds small, not at all margined. — This well-marked species appears to be common in Texas, especially throughout the Western dis- tricts. But I do not find that it has yet been described.
f V. grandiflora, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3464. var. p pinna- tifida: foliis radicalibus majoribus interrupte pinnatipartitis segmentis dentatis lobatisve, caulinis ssepe subpinnatifidis. — Prairies east of Victoria ; February, in flower. The same form was gathered by Mr. Wright. — V. grandiflora is well distinguished from all the other species (of which a goodly number are now known in North America) by the unusually short style, the narrowly winged seeds, and the large flowers and pods.
329. V. argyrjea (sp. uov.) : perennis, pube lepidoto- stellata undique argentea ; caulibus diffusis v. procumbentibus foliosis ; foliis omnibus spathulatis integerrimis vel repando- dentatis ; racemo laxifloro, fructifero elongato ; pedicellis ssepi- us patentibus apice sursum curvatis ; silicula globosa estipitata glaberrima stylo aequilonga oligosperma (loculis 16-18-ovu- latis) ; seminibus immarginatis. — V. arctica var. ? Gray, PI.
Planta Lindheimerianee. 147
Fendl. p. 9. — Sandy banks of Green Lake, near Matagorda Bay, and prairies near Victoria ; February, in flower and half- grown fruit. Also gathered by Mr. Wright on the Rio Grande, Texas ; by Dr. Gregg at Buena Vista, and Dr. Edwards at Monterey, Northern Mexico ; and by Fendler at Santa Fe, in flower only. The species assumes a variety of forms, according as it flowers early near the root, or from long procumbent stems. In the first case the pedicels are more upright ; in the latter they are spreading and upwardly curved, as mentioned in the specific character. They are sometimes subtended by leaves ; and the racemes in Dr. Gregg's speci- mens are occasionally proliferous. The bright yellow flowers are about half an inch in diameter. The plant is silvery with crowded, but distinct, appressed, scurfy Stellas.
330. V. recurvata (Engelm. ined.) : tenella, pube minuta lepidoto-stellata cinerascens ; caulibus e radice annua pluri- mis gracilibus diffusis vel procumbentibus ramosis; foliis spathulatis integerrimis aut radicalibus repandis lyratisve, su- premis sublineari-oblongis ; racemis elongatis sparsifloris ; pe- dicellis soepe secundis, fructiferis recurvis; silicula vix aut ne vix stipitata globosa glabra oligosperma parva stylo tenui bre- viore vel subaequali ; seminibus immarginatis. — V. angusti- folia, Scheele, in Linnaa, 21, p. 584, non Nutt. — Dry and stony or light soil, growing sparsely in the grass, San Antonio and New Braunfels. March, in flower; April and May, in fruit. Also around Austin, Mr. Charles Wright. — The most slender species ; with diffusely spreading stems, from four to eight inches long, and short, spathulate or oblong-spathulate leaves. The flowers are not larger than those of V. gracilis, which it most resembles, and from which it is at once distin- guished by its nearly or quite estipitate silicles, pendulous on the recurved pedicels. The pods are a line, or little more, in diameter.
331. V. gracilis, Hook, Bot. Mag. t. 3533. Muskit Flats, in wet or low, grassy places, New Braunfels. April, May. — Stems upright or nearly so, slender, from 8 to 16
148 Plantce Lindheimeriance.
inches long. The pods, in the stronger specimens, are twice as large as in Hooker's figure and description.1
(216.*) Draba PLATrcARPA, Torr. fy Gr. Fl. 1. p. 108. This is not the same as No. 216 (D. cuneifolia) of the former
1 VESICARTyE Boreali-Americante Synoptice Dispositae.
Sect. I. Vesicaeiana, DC. Silicula globosa, raro piriformis, valvis membranaceis
inflatis.
§ 1. Annum seu blennes.
* Seminibus marginatis ; stylo silicula (cstipilata) dimidio vel xdlra breviore; foliis caulinis basi seepe auriculatis et subamplexicaulibus.
1. V. grandiflora (Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3464) : caulibus pube brevi subeinereis ; foliis stepe sinuato-pinnatifidis dentatisve ; stylo silicula 2-3-plo breviore. V. brevi- styla, Torr. d> Gr. Fl. 1. p. 102 (vide Suppl. p. 668.) The septum is not veinless, as is said by Don, but has a midnerve stretching from the apex towards the base, as is usual in the genus.
2. V. atjriculata (Engelm. <f- Gray, PI. Lindh. No. 217, p. 32): caulibus pe- dunculisque hirsutis ; floribus minoribus ; stylo silicula dimidio breviuribus.
* * Seminibus immarginalis ; stylo silicula suboequalibus aut longioribus ; foliis omnibus basi angustatis.
t Silicula vix aut ne rix stipitata, globosa.
X Racemo etiam fructifero densifioro; pedicettis erectiusculis rcl subpatentibus.
3. V. densiflora, (sp. nor.) Vide supra, No. 328.
4. V. angustifolia, Nutt. in Torr. <$• Gr. Fl. 1. p. 101. Vide supra, No. 326.
5. V. Shortii, Torr. tf« Gr. Fl. 1. p. 102. — The silicles, in the specimen of Herb. Torr., the only one I have ever seen, are nearly all sterile and imperfectly grown ; hence their small size in proportion to the length of the style. In one pod, however, although remarkably small for the genus, I found a single ripe (marginless) seed, nearly filling the cell ; in this case the style was no longer than the silicle. The species, although not suthciently well known, is unlike any other here enumerated.
% X Racemo sparsijloro ; siliculis nutantibus.
6. V. rectjrvata, Engelm. Vide supra, No. 330.
tt Silicula breviter stipitata obovato-globosa seu pyriformi; foliis caulinis sub- repandis.
7. V. Nuttallu (Torr. d> Gr. Fl. 1. p. 101): subcinereo-puberula ; filamentis basi ampliatis ; silicula pyriformi juxta basim constricta.
8. V. eepanda (Nutt. in Torr. cf Gr. I. c.) : glabrata; floribus majoribus ; fila- mentis e basi dilatata sensim angustatis ; silicula immatura subglobosi-obovata. — There are no specimens with full-grown silicles, while those of V. Nuttallii are alto- gether fruitful, with no good flowers. There is much reason to suspect that the two belong to one species. V. Nuttallii usually has a shorter but distinct stipe to the pod ; but in one of the original specimens the stipe is fully as long as in V. gracilis.
1 1 1 Silicula manifeste stipitata, exacte globosa. X Floribus saturate fcavis.
9. V. gracilis (Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3533) : glabrata, erectiuscula ; foliis lanceola- tis subintegerrimis ; racemo laxifloro elongato ; pedicellis elongatis patentibus ; sili- cula glabra stipite duplo longiore stylo pi. m. breviore. — The silicles of Berlandier's and Drummond's specimens are, as described and figured by Hooker, "not larger than hemp seed." In those of Lindheimer, where the whole plant is stronger, and in
Plantce Lindheimeriana. 149
distribution. Thickets, New Braunfels, &c. February. D. Roemeriana, Scheele iiiLinnaa, 21, p. 583, would seem to be
cultivated specimens, the silicles are considerably larger. The stipe is sometimes almost as long as the pod; sometimes scarcely half that length.
10. V. Goedoni (sp. nov.) : tomentuloso-canescens ; caulibus difl'usis ; foliis sub- iniegerrimis, infimis subspathulatis, superioribus lanceolatis vel linearibus ; racemo fn ctifero laxo; pedicellis brevibus patentibus ; silicula glabra breviter stipitata stylo subduplo longiore. — On the Canadian, in the Katon Mountains, Mr. Gordon, (communicated by Dr Engelmann.) April; in flower and fruit. — This is, perhaps, a perennial species, but the root appears more like that of a biennial. The plant is sil- very-hoary, with a stellate pubescence; except the pods, which are very smooth, and two lines in diameter. Flowers not larger than those of V. gracilis, more crowded. The unripe seeds are not at all margined.
XX Floribus albidis ; siliculisnutantibus.
11. V. pallida (Torr. d> Gr. Ft. 1. p 66S, Suppl.): pube minutalepidoto-stellatasub- cinerea ; caulibus adscendcntibus ramosis ; foliis oblongis plerisque laciniato-dentatis basi attenuatis, radicalibus sublyratis ; racemo laxifloro; pedicellis fructiferis recuivis ; silicula globosa glabra leviter stipitata stylo tertia parte longiore. — V. grandiflora ji. pallida, Torr. if- Gr. 1. c. p. 101. — The corolla is said, by Dr. Leavenworth (who alone has met with this plant) to be " white."
§ 2. Perennes (Argenteas seu incanee.)
* Seminibus levissime marginatis ; silicula subslipitata stylo breviore.
12. V. Engelmannii, Gr. Gen. III. t. 70. Vide supra, No. 325.
* * Seminibus immarginalis ; silicula stipitata stylo duplo longiore.
13. V. Lindheimeei, sp . nov. Vide supra, No. 327.
* * * Seminibus immarginalis ; silicula non aut vix stipitata. t Stylo silicula cequilongo v. longiore.
% Caulibus elongatis decumbent ibus ; foliis spalhulalis ; silicula glabra.
14. V. aegye^ea, sp. nov. Vide supra, No. 329.
} X Caulibus abbrcviatis suffruticosis ; foliis angustis ; silicula glabra.
15. V. Fendleei, Gray, PI. Fendl. p. 9.
16. V. stenophylla (sp. nov.) : humilis, cano-argentea, multiceps ; foliis anguste linearibus gracilibus confertis; racemo multifloro denso; silicula membranacea gla- berrima stylum sequante. — On the Rio Grande, Texas, Mr. Charles Wright. Mon- terey and Aguaneuva, Northern Mexico, Dr. Gregg, Dr. Edwards. — The specimen of Mr. Wright is the most characteristic one. From a thick, ligneous caudex it bears several, more or less woody branches, a span high, densely leafy, and terminated by a very compact raceme of golden yellow flowers, nearly as large as these of V.grandi- jiora. The plants of Gregg and Edwards are less condensed, and with smaller flow- ers. The leaves are an inch or more, the lower over two inches in length, entire, or the lower sparingly toothed ; and the pods, also, are twice the size of those of V. Fendleri. Specimens intermediate between the two may perhaps occur.
XXX Caulibus herbaceis ercctis vel adscendentibus ; silicula globoso-obovata incana.
17. V. Ludoviciana, DC. Syst. 2, p. 297; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 48. V. glo- bosa, Desv. Jour. Bot. 3, p. 171 & 184, ex char.
1 1 Stylo silicula globosa glabra vel stellato-puberula, 2 - 3-plo longiore.
18. V. aectica, Richards. Appx. Frankl. Journ. ; Book. I. c.
JOURNAL B. S. N. H. 20
150 Plantce LindheimeriancB.
a form of the same species, or perhaps of D. cuneifolia. To the latter, as a slender form, or to D. micrantha, would seem to belong D. filicaulis, Scheele, I. c.
CAFPARIDACE^E.
332. Polanisia trachysperma, Torr. &f Gr. Fl. 1. p. 669 ; Gr. Gen. 111. 1. t. 79, fy PL Fendl. p. 10. Sandy soil, on the Colorado and Pierdenales. July, October. This differs from P. uniglandulosa, as I have formerly remarked, princi- pally in the smaller size of the flowers. It is likely to prove only a northern form of that species.
POLYGALACE^E.
333. Polygala Lindheimeri (sp. ?iov.) : pubescens ; cau- libus e radice incrassata lignea plurimis foliosis ; foliis alternis subsessilibus coriaceis utrinque reticularis nitidis cuspidato- mucronatis, imis obovatis, superioribus gradatim ovatis oblon- gis et lanceolatis ; racemis terminalibus demumque lateralibus laxifloris ; rachi geniculato-flexuosa bracteis parvis ad nodos 3 persistentibus squamosa; pedicellis brevissimis ; sepalo supe- riore bracteiformi a flore subdistante alis spathulatis vix di- midio brevioribus ; carina imberbi crista calcariformi aucta ; capsula immatura pilosula. — Rocky declivities of the upper Guadaloupe and Pierdenales. June, August. Also met with by Mr. Wright, from the Colorado to the Rio Grande. — Root not unlike that of Krameria lanceolata, long, covered with a thick reddish bark. Stems a little woody at the base,
Sect. II. Alyssoides, DC. Silicula ovata, valvis convexis rigidiusculis. 19. V. alpina, Nutt. in Torr. <?• Gr. Fl. 1. p. 102; Gr. PI. Fendl. p. 9.
V. lasiocarpa, Hook. ined. (Vide Bot. Mag. sub t. 3464) is unknown to me. I have seen no Texan species with other than glabrous fruit.
V. argentea, Schauer in Linncea, 20, p. 720, when the mature fruit is known, may prove to be a species of Synthlipsis.
V. didymocarpa, Hook., and V. Geyeri, Hook, constitute the genus Physaria.
The Iberis, n. sp. ? Torr. in Ann. Lye. New York, 2, p. 166, from Dr. James's Collection, is Ditliyraea Wislizeni, Engelm. in Wis. Rep. p. 96, which has recently been met with, in flower only, on the Upper Canadian, by Mr. Gordon.
Plantcc Lindheimeriana. 151
branching, a span to a foot high, clothed with a soft spread- ing pubescence. Leaves from 5 to 10 lines long, coriaceous, minutely pubescent but shining, with a prominent midrib, the veinlets conspicuously reticulated on both surfaces. Racemes gradually prolonged so as to bear from 10 to 20 flowers in the course of the season ; the joints of the remarkably zig-zag rachis from one to three lines long. Pedicels shorter than the calyx, 3-bracteate. Upper sepal a little remote from the flower, like a bractlet, ovate-oblong, concave, with the rudi- ment of a gland in its axil. Stamens 8, subdiadelphous. Thegalea of the carina is beardless, and bears a conspicuous, straight spur on the back in place of a crest. The ripe fruit is unknown. The large upper sepal is persistent at the base of the half-grown fruit, after the others have fallen. All the sepals are deciduous in what I take to be P. ovalifolia, DC, which was gathered on the Leona and Rio Grande by Mr. Wright, as well as by Dr. Edwards and Major Eaton at Mon- terey, &c.
KRAMERIACE^E.
(13.) Krameria lanceolata, Torr. in Ann. Lye. New York, 2. p. 168 ; Gr. Gen. 111. 2, t. 185, 186. New Braun- fels, among rocks. April, June. "Roots often mere than three feet long."
violace^:.
(578.) Ionidium lineare, To/t. in Ann. Lye. New York, 2, p. 168 ; Torr. fy Gr. Fl. 1. p. 145 ; Gr. Gen. 111. 1, t. 82. I. stipulaceum, Nutt. in Torr. fy Gr. I. c. Stems much branched from a ligneous perennial root, diffuse, or the branches often erect. Leaves opposite or occasionally alter- nate, entire or remotely serrulate ; the lower varying from lanceolate to oblong or obovate ; the upper linear, obtuse, usually three or four times the length of the stipules. Seeds turning black. — I possess no perfectly authenticated speci- mens of I. stipulaceum, Nutt. ; but I have good reason to
152 Plantce Lindheimeriaruz.
think that it is not specifically different from the plant which was earlier indicated (from a branch, bearing narrowly linear leaves alone) by Dr. Torrey, under the name of I. lineare ; which name I have therefore adopted. The stipules should not have been termed " minute " in I. lineare, since they are further said to be " one-third the length of the leaves." The upper ones are seldom so long as this, while the lower are frequently " half as long as the leaves," as they are said to be in I. stipulaccum. It is manifest that all our specimens belong to one and the same species.
344. I. lineare, Torr., ramis floriferis erectis strictioribus. I. slipulaceum, Nutt. I. c. Damp Muskit flats, San Antonio. April.
CARYOPHYLLACE^E.
335. Paronychia Lindheimeri (Engelm. ined.) : annua, glabra, erecta ; caule ramosissimo difTuso in cymas apertas multoties dichotomas diviso ; foliis setaceis, superioribus brac- teisque consimilibus mucronatis internodio brevioribus ; calyce basi breviter pubescentibus, laciniis in aristulam iisdem duplo breviorem productis. — Naked, rocky places in high prairies. September. (Also gathered in Western Texas, by Mr. Wright. — Nearly allied to P. setacea, and very similar in aspect, foliage, flowers, &c, but the cymes are more open ; the calyx minutely pubescent, instead of strigose-hirsute, at the base ; and the awns much shorter than its segments, in- stead of being nearly of their length. The plant is smoother, often six inches high, and very much branched.
(222.) P. dichotoma, Nutt. Gen. 1. p. 159; Torr. fy Gr.
Fl. 1. p. 171. High, rocky places, north of New Braunfels.
August, October.
336. Stellaria prostrata, Baldw. in Ell. Sk. 1. p. 518.
Pi,ocky and shaded margins of rivulets, about the Comale
Springs, and at New Braunfels; flowering from March to
October. (Also Trinity Bay, Mr. Wright.)
Planta Lindheimeriance. 153
PORTULACACE^E (by Dr. Engelmann).
(579.) Talinum aurantiacum (n. sp.) : radice tuberosa ; caule adscendente herbaceo ramoso patulo piloso ; foliis lanceolatis s. lineari-lanceolatis subsessilibus carnosis ; flori- bus axillaribus singulis ; pedunculis supra basin articulatis bibracteolatis, fructiferis reflexis ; sepalis ovatis acuminatis tricarinatis, fructiferis subpersistentibus ; petalis ovatis mu- cronatis; staminibus sub-25 ; seminibus lineis gyratis carina- tis et striis tenuissimis transversis eleganter notatis. — On the Sabinas, and more abundantly on the Liano, rare about New Braunfels, on rocky soil or almost naked rocks ; in flower principally in July and August, but also at other seasons, always after heavy rains. — Root white, fleshy, tuberous, often bifurcated. Stems 8-16 inches long, ascending, much branched. Leaves l§-2oreven 3 inches long, 2-4 lines wide. Peduncle 4-5 lines long. Sepals of the same length j- petals 5 lines long and 3 wide, orange to red ; filaments red ; style and stigma orange. Seeds elegantly marked, black, larger than in any other North American species. — Distinct from all other species described by De Candolle, by the single flowers.
(580.) Talinum sarmentosum (n. sp.) : radice crassa ; caule prostrato; ramis debilibus sarmentosis ascendentibus foliosis ; foliis carnosis late ovatis cuspidatis basi attenuatis subsessili- bus; cymis axillaribus bracteatis subtrifloris (rarius compositis) versus apicem laxe paniculatis ; floribus longe pedicellatis ; sepalis ovatis cuspidatis membranaceis deciduis ; staminibus sub-15; seminibus nigris nitentibus sub lente tenuiter tuber- culatis. — New Braunfels, among shrubs on the banks of the Guadaloupe. July, September. — Stems prostrate ; branches weak, ascending, supported by the shrubs under " which the plant grows, often 6-10 feet long ;" — the specimens before me are 2-4 feet long. Lower leaves 2| — 3| inches long, 1 — 1| wide. Pedicels 6-12 and more lines long, thickened at the apex. Sepals about one line long ; flowers apparently
154 Plantce Lindheimeriance.
4-5 lines in diameter, purple. Capsule about one line long, almost globose. Seeds smoother than in any other of our
species.1
1 " Besides these two species, we have in the flora of the United States, three others very different from these, but nearly related to one another; namely, the well-known T. teretifolium, Pnrsh, T. calycinum, Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep.; and T. parvijlorum, Nutt. ; all three now in cultivation with me, and well distinguished from one another. T. cahjcinum is very ornamental ; the large flowers have sometimes six to ten petals.
"Mr. Lindheimer has discovered two undescribed species of Portulaca in Western Texas. As these plants are so difficult to preserve and so unsightly when dried, he did not collect specimens for distribution ; but from his seeds both were raised by me last season and prove very remarkable plants, one from its near alliance with Portu- laca oleracea, the other from its great difference from that species. I arrange the species of our flora (all of them annuals) in the following manner.
PORTULACA.
* Spathulaice : glaberrimee ; eaule tereti ; foliis spathulatis obovatis ; sepalis alato- carinatis cum operculo capsulte rnaturce deciduis ; petalis flavis emarginatis s. bilobis; capsulse annulo circular! tumido.
1. P. oleracea, L. : foliis obovatis spathulatis apice rotundatis ; alabastro com- presso ovato acuto; sepalis carinatis; staminibus 7 -9; stigmatibus 5 stylum bre- vem superantibus ; seminibus minoribus minute sub lente verruculosis nigris. — St. Louis, very common; flowers open in direct sunshine between 9 and 10 o'clock, A. M. August.
2. P. retusa (n. sp.) : foliis cuneatisretusis, seuemarg-ma^'s; alabastro compresso orbiculato obtuso; sepalis late carinato-alatis; staminibus sub- 15 (17 - 19, Lindh., in plantis parvulis 7-10); stigmatibus 3-4 stylum aequantibus vel eo brevioribus; seminibus majoribus sub leute echinato-tuberculatis nigricantibus. — Granite region of the Liano in Western Texas. Flowers open in direct sunshine between 8i and 9b A. M. (in St. Louis, in August), always before the common species. — Distinguished from the nearly allied P. oleracea by the broader retuse leaves, and broader calyx ; by the larger, more distinctly tuberculated, somewhat paler seeds, much larger style, and shorter and fewer stigmata. Number of stamina variable. In large speci- mens (bushes several feet in diameter, stems at base 6-7 lines thick, prostrate or ascending) ; the number counted was 15. Stigmata almost invariably 4, rarely 3.
* * Lanceolatm : glaberrimse ; caule angulato ; foliis superioribus lanceolatis ; sepa- lis vix carinatis post anthesin deciduis ; petalis plerumque versicoloribus acutiusculis ; capsulse ala circular! lata excalycis basi aucta.
3. P. lanceolata (n. sp.): su6-erecta; foliis inferioribus spathulatis obtusis, superi- oribus lanceolatis acutis ; petalis obovatis s. oblanceolatis acutiusculis s. cuspidatis ; staminibus 7-27; stigmatibus 3-6; capsula turbinata versus apicem ala circulari lata cincta ; seminibus majoribus echinato-tuberculatis cinereis.
a. versicolor; petalis majoribus obovatis rubris basi flavis; staminibus 12-24; stigmatibus 5-6 linearibus; capsulse ala orbiculari plana.
/?. minor; petalis minoribus oblanceolatis ssepe totis flavidis rarius apice rubellis; staminibus 7-12; stigmatibus 3-4 ovato-oblongis ; capsulse ala subpentagona un- ci ulata.
Granite region of the Liano, in Western Texas. — Stems in smaller plants a few inches high, erect, with erect branches ; in larger specimens a foot or more high, as-
Planted Lindheimeriana. 155
LINACE^E.
f Linum Boottii, Plonchon in Lond. Jour. Bot. 7, p. 475. Upper Pierdenales, sparsely in sandy prairies. — The specimen is entirely in fruit, and has lost nearly all its leaves. Some remarks on this species will be found under No. 581.
337. L. Boottii, Y- rupestre ; caulibus gracilentis ; foliis lineari-subulatis ; sepalis paulo latioribus ; capsulis minoribus. — L. rupestre, Lindheimer in sched. New Braunfels, with Cereus ca;spitosus, growing sparsely on rocky soil or in crev- ices of naked rocks. May. — Stems several, from a firm, probably not really perennial root, very strict and slender, a foot or more high. Petals three or four times the length of
thelanceolate-ovate, cuspidate, and glandular-ciliate sepals.
338. L. multicaule, Hook, in Torr. &/• Gr. Fl. 1. p. 678 ; Planchon in Lond. Jour. Bot. 7, p. 185. Upper Pierden- ales ; socially in naked, clayey places in open oak woods. October; mostly in fruit. Flowers small, yellow. Styles united almost to the summit. Branches clothed with the minute lanceolate-subulate leaves quite up to the flower ; the
cending, very much branched. Leaves £- 1 inch long, 1 -3 lines wide. Flowers 4-6 lines in diameter, very pretty in the larger forms, open from 8-9 o'clock. A. M. (St. Louis, August) ; earlier than any other species. Capsule with the wing, which is formed by the enlarged base of the deciduous calyx, 2-2£ lines in diameter. — The seeds of both forms are absolutely identical, so that the difference in the number of stamina and stigmata, and in the size and color of the flower, cannot constitute them distinct species, as Mr. Lindheimer suggests. He adds that the leaves of a have an acidulous, and those of (9 an insipid, mucilaginous taste.
* * * Teretifolicc : ad axillse pilosae ; caule tereli ; foliis plus minus teretibus, basi paulo productis ; sepalis membranaceis ecarinatis cum operculo capsulae malurae de- ciduis ; petalis violaceis; capsulae inargine circulari turnido.
4. P. pilosa. L. : sepalis lineari-oblongis, petalis ovato-oblongis obtusis retusis s. emarginatis duplo brevioribus ; staminibus 15-25 stigmatibus 5-6 subfequantibus; seminibus minutis nigris opacis minute tuberculatis. Texas, New Mexico, Mexico, etc. — Flowers open from 9-11 or 12 o'clock in bright sunshine, 4-5 lines in di- ameter: stigmata glandular, hairy on the margins only, purple.
5. P. Gilliesii, Hook.: sepalis orbiculato-ovatis petalis orbiculato-obcordatis ter quaterve brevioribus; staminibus numerosissimis (60) sligmatibus sub-5 exsertis longe brevioribus ; seminibus paulo majoribus tuberculatis cinereis nitentibus.— Com- mon in cultivation, and here and there almost naturalized ; originally from Chili. Flowers 20 - 24 lines in diameter, open from 8 or 9 to 2 or 3 P. M. in sunshine. Stig- mata glandular, hairy on the margins and upper surface, yellowish or greenish.
156 Plantce Lindheimeriance.
margins of the latter aculeolate-ciliate, or in Lindheimer's specimens nearly smooth and naked. It is probably only an annual, as likewise the next. Mixed with this, in the distri- bution, and probably forming the whole in many sets, are fruiting specimens with the upper leaves sparser and the tips of the branches naked, like a short peduncle. These belong to the following species, if indeed it be different, and to the New Braunfels locality there cited.
339. L. hudsonioides, Planchon I. c. p. 186. New Braunfels, growing in dense patches, on dry soil, with a rocky substratum, in naked places in the prairies ; May ; in fruit ; (distributed under No. 338). In clayey soil, Agua Dulce on the Matagorda Bay; February, in flower. — The leaves are less approximated and less squamous than in the preceding ; the uppermost sparse on the branches, so that the flower, and especially the fruit, is raised on a manifest peduncle, some- times of more than half an inch in length. The capsules and the flowers are larger ; the yellow petals nearly five lines in length. But it too closely resembles L. multicaule, of which it is perhaps only a variety.
(581.) Linum Berlandieri (sphalm. Berendieri), Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3480 ; Engelm. fy Gr. PI. Lindh. p. 5 ; Gr. PI. Fendl. p. 25, No. 84 (non. 85) ; Planchon in Lond. Jour. Bot. 7, p. 473 ; Scheele in Linncea, 21, p. 596. L. rigidum,jf?. Berendieri, Torr. &/• Gr. Fl. 1. p. 204. Stony, dry prairies, near New Braunfels. May. — Except in the larger size of the flowers, and the laxer leaves, this species is hard to dis- tinguish from L. rigidum. Both, I believe, are annuals ; but, as they flower through a great part of the year, the root hard- ens, and the base often shows the vestiges of earlier stems, which have perished ; thus giving it somewhat the appearance of a perennial. The styles are united either for two-thirds of their length, or almost to the apex. One of Lindheimer's specimens in my set (gathered in 1846) not indistinctly shows small stipular glands; while that of the Coll. 1847-8 does not. These glands are equally visible in some of the
Plant ce Lindheimeriana. 157
specimens of No. 85, PL Fend I., which I should now refer to L. rigidum, Pursh. I believe that I have also noticed them in L. Virginianum ; but they do not appear in any of the specimens preserved in my herbarium. The localities from the eastern parts of the United States, cited from Torr. &f Gr. Fl. N. Amer. by Planchon under L. Berlandieri, belong to his L. Boottii, as I suppose does also the whole of what is called L. rigidum in New England, &c. At least this is the case with the plant gathered at New Haven by Oakes, and at Providence by Mr. Olney. The latter is exactly L. Boottii o. Planchon, I. c. As to his L. Bootlii B. from Texas, by Lindheimer, I fortunately possess a corresponding speci- men, supplied by Engelmann subsequently to the distribution of Lindheimer's former collections, and named "L. rigidum" on a ticket bearing the printed number 118, which number has been erased with the pen. This explains its occurrence in the same way in herb. Hooker. The root is annual. If it be a distinct species, as is most likely, still it appears, from what has already been stated, the stipular glands cannot be entirely relied upon for a character. Planchon has omitted to notice the more or less glanduliferous-ciliate margins of the sepals, which are conspicuous in most cases, and caused the plant to be referred in the Flora of North America, &c. to L. rigidum, to which it is very nearly related.
GERANIACE^E.
340. Erodium Texanum (Gr. Gen. Ill 2, p. 130, t. 150) : bienne v. annuum ; caulibus diffusis cinereo-puberulis ; foliis glabriusculis cordatis crenatis plerumque 3-lobatis, superiorum lobis lateralibus bifidis, terminali 3-5-fido; pedunculis 3-flo- ris ; floribus vernalibus petalis purpureis sepala scarioso-mar- ginata subulato-mucronata duplo superantibus, serotinis ape- talis ; pedicellis calycibusque pube appressa canescentibus eglandulosis ; carpellis hirsutis lineari-clavatis basi pungenti- bus. — Small thickets in prairies above Victoria; and in patches in rocky soil at New Braunfels ; March, April. Also
JOURNAL B. S. N. H. 21 JAN. 1850.
158 PlnntfB Lindheimeriance.
the apetalous state (340, in Coll. 1847-8); the particular locality not given. Mr. Wright also gathered it in Texas, where it appears to abound. — From the Californium E. ma- crophyllum, Hook. ^ Am. (the leaves of which are often less than an inch in diameter,) which it most resembles, this spe- cies is distinguished by its smaller flowers, more deeply lobed leaves, more slender carpels, and the close cinereous pubes- cence of the pedicels and calyx, which are destitute of glan- dular hairs.
OXALIDACE-E.
341. Oxalis vespertilionis, Torr . fy Gr. Fl. 1. p. 679. Prairies, Upper Pierdenales. October. Also gathered in Western Texas by Mr. Wright.
ZYGOPHYLLACE.E.
342. Kallstremia maxima, Torr. fy Gr. Fl. 1. p. 213; Gr. Gen. III. 2, t. 146. Prostrate in clayey soil, near San Antonio. September.
(582.) Guaiacum angustifolium, Engelm. in Wisliz. Me- moir, Appx. p. 113; Gr. Gen. 111. 2, p. 123 (subgen. ? Guai- acidium), t. 149. Western Texas, in fruit ; the station not given*
RUTACE^E.
343. Rutosma Texana, Gr. Gen. III. 2, p. 143, t. 155. Stony prairies, with Cactaceae, Upper Guadaloupe. March. Also detected by Mr. Wright in Texas, and by Dr. Gregg at Monterey. — Remarkable as the sole representative of the proper Rutacese in America.
ANACARDIACE^E.
344. Rhus Copallina, Linn. var. leucantha, DC. : caule 10-pedali ; foliis lanceolatis ; floribus albis. R. leu- cantha, Jacq. Rocky precipices, New Braunfels. July.
345. R. Copallina, Linn. var. lanceolata : foliis lanceo- latis subfalcatis saepe elongatis integerrimis vel subserratis;
Plantcs Lindheimeriance. 159
floribus flavis (pi. submasc. subfoem. fruct.) Rocky soil and high prairies, New Braunfels. July. Plant from two to five feet high.
346. R. Toxicodendron, Linn. ; Torr. &f Gr. Fl. I. p. 218. Thickets and stony prairies, New Braunfels. May, in flower: September, in fruit. "Erect, not climbing." — This is the Rhus verrucosa, Scheelc in Linncea 21, p. 592, which is com- pared only with R. aromatica ! The " Verrucas magnse sub- rotundas atropurpurea) lucidce," of the lower surface of the leaves, which suggested the name, are merely exudations of resinous juice caused by the puncture of insects on some leaves only, as Dr. Engelmann has pointed out.
f R. Toxicodendron, Linn. var. foliis ramulisque molliter pubentibus. Thickets, New Braunfels.
347. R. (Lobadium) trilobata, Nutt. in Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 1, p. 219. Rocky soil, margin of high prairies, New Braunfels ; March (in flower) ; June (in fruit). A slender, much branched shrub, two to five feet high.
348. R. virens (Lindhcimer, Mss.) : glabella ; foliis sem- pervirentibus 3-4-jugis cum impari, rachide nuda ; foliolis ovatis oblongisve obtusis v. obtusiuscule acuminatis margine subrevolutis integerrimis coriaceis supra nitidis subtus pallidis sub lente minutim tomentulosis ; floribus albidis thyrsoideo- paniculatis ; paniculis axillaribus folio brevioribus ; drupa rubra hirsuta, putamine lenticulari laevi. — Rocky soil, in open places, in Cedar woods, New Braunfels, &c. March ; in fruit, August. Mr. Wright sends the same species from Western Texas ; and Dr. Coulter collected it at Zimapan, Mexico. A well marked species, of the section Sumac. Leaflets an inch or rather more in length, smooth, except under a lens, soft to the touch, shining above, thick and rigidly coriaceous.
MALVACEAE.
f Calltrrhoe involucrata, Gray, PL Fendl. p. 14, & Gen. 111. 2, p. 53, t. 117. Malva involucrata, Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 1, p. 226. Oak openings, on the Pierdenales. June.
160 Plants Lindheimeriance.
(584.) C. digitata, JSutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 2, p. 181 ; Gray, PL Fendl. I. c, fy Gen. 111. 21, p. 53. Nuttallia digitata, Bart. FL N. Amur. 2, t. 63, Hook. Exot. Fl. 3, t. 171. Nuttallia cordata, Lindl. Bot. Beg. t. 1938. Prairies on the Pierdenales, at the margin of woods. May, June. Also gathered by Mr. Wright. '; Root edible, more pleasant than that of Psoralea esculenta," Lindh. — One of the most showy species of this handsome genus ; the petals, over an inch in length, are beautifully fringed at the summit. The radical leaves are very various.
349. C. pedata, Gray, PI. Fendl. p. 17, (excl. syn. Nut- tallia digitata, Bart.) Sr Gen. 111. 2, p. 53, t. 118. Nuttallia pedata, Nutt. in Hook. Exot. Fl. 3, t. 172. Dry prairies and margin of thickets, near Victoria, New Braunfels, and on the Cibolo, &c. Also abundantly gathered by Mr. Wright. February, April. — In cultivation, this handsome species pro- duces its deep cherry-red blossoms through the whole season, and when supported attains the height of five or six feet. Although it has been confused with the preceding, it is totally distinct from it. It has much smaller flowers, leafy stems, more incised foliage, and a slender, annual or biennial root.
350. M. Wrightii, Gray, PL Fendl. p. 21, ^ Gen. 111. 2, p. 60, t. 122. Malva aurantiaca, Scheele, in Linncea, 21, p. 469. Muskit flats, in black and heavy prairie soil. New Braunfels. July. — The stems are rigid, from a more or less ligneous base ; the rather large, golden yellow flowers open in the afternoon. The fructiferous calyx is somewhat en- larged, and expanded, and tinged with brownish-red ; the carpels in the living plant (raised in the Cambridge Botanic Garden,) are more deeply tinged of the same color. — The characters of a new species, allied to M. coccineum, are sub- joined.1
1 Malvastkum pedatifidum (sp. nov.) : cauJibus e radice perenni diflusis gracili- bus ramosis ; foliis tripartita profunde trifidisve pilis stellatis parce hirsutis, segmentis lateralibus bifidis, terminali subtrilobo, omnibus subpinnatifido-incisis, lobulis denti- busve patentibus ; stipulis subulatis ; floribus sparsis axillaribus et seeus ramulos laxe racemosis ; bracteolis 3 setaceis calyce subduplo brevioribus ; carpellis muticis, rostro
Plantce Lindheimeriajice. 161
351. Malvastrum carpinifolium, Gray, PL Fendl. p. 22. In sterile soil, New Braunfels, &c. August. — To the syno- nyms cited in the work above-cited, I have to add that of Malva Lindheimeriana, Scheele in Linnaa, 21, (1848,) p. 470. The flowers open merely during a few hours of the brightest sunshine.
352. Pavonia Wrightii, Gray, Gen. III. 2, p. 76, t. 130. P. lasiopetala, Scheele in Linnaa, 21, p. 470. Rocky soil in Cedar woods, New Braunfels. Also gathered in Western Texas, by Mr. Wright, and near Monterey, in Northern Mexico, by Dr. Edwards and Major Eaton. — A low, shrubby species, with handsome, rose-colored flowers, which are larger in the wild than in our cultivated plant, from which the figure in the Genera Illustrata was made. The seeds are glabrous, except a little pubescence at the chalaza ; and in some other respects, also, the species is not very well characterized by Scheele. His name, from its priority in publication, should probably be adopted, although so badly chosen ; for the petals, at most sparingly stellate-pubescent externally, are often nearly or quite glabrous.
353. A. Texense (Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 1, p. 231): tomento minuto molli undique velutino-canescens ; caule (2-4-pedali) paniculato; foliis cordatis acutis vel subacuminatis serratis supra viridulis, ramealibus gradatim minoribus ; pedunculis inferioribus petiolum subsequantibus, summis folio longiori- bus ; corolla lutea ; capsula ovoidea obtusa cinerea 8-loculari apice breviter 8-loba calyce 5-fido demum reflexo multum longiore ; carpellis erectis obtusiusculis muticis 3-spermis. — Prairies, &c. in hard and dry soil, New Braunfels. August, September. Apparently common throughout Texas, and to Monterey, in Northern Mexico, where it was gathered by Dr.
brevi complanato membranaceo iuflexis. — On the Rio Grande, Texas, in dry soil. Cultivated in the Cambridge Botanic Garden, it flowers through the summer. Stems a foot or less in height, much more slender than in M. coccineum ; the flowers smaller and paler (between a buff and a brick-color.) The leaves are not canescent, but green and sparsely stellate-hirsute, and their segments incised or almost pinnatifid ; the lobes are tipped with a deciduous mucro or short seta.
162 Plantce Lindheimeriana.
Gregg. The expanded corolla is two thirds of an inch in diameter. The larger cauline leaves are from three to four inches long, on petioles of half that length. They are de- scribed in the Flora of North America, from the branches only. I do not know the A. Nuttallii.1
354. Abutilon holosericeum, Scheele in Linncea, 21, p. 471. A. velutinum, Gray, Gen. HI. 2, p. 67, t. 125. Rocky soil, along the margin* of thickets, New Braunfels, &c. August, September. Also gathered by Mr. Wright in West- ern and Southern Texas. — Stem three to six feet high ; the larger leaves nearly a foot in diameter, on petioles six to eight inches long, very seldom at all lobed. The deep orange- yellow corolla is over an inch in breadth. The details of the fruit, &c. are well delineated in the plate cited above. The anthers are reniform, in the ordinary manner, not three-lobed, as described by Scheele. The young leaves are quite white ; the older and larger ones greener. The root is said to be " ligneous and perennial? " in the wild plant. In cultivation it is an annual.
f Sphjeralcea Lindheimeri (sp. nov.) : lanoso-tomen- tosa ; caulibus decumbentibus basi ut videtur suffruticosis ; ramis floridis assurgentibus ; foliis cordatis saepius rotundatis grosse crenatis indivisis ; pedunculis petiolo longioribus ; brac- teolis involucelli 3 setaceis calycis lobis ovato-lanceolatis acu- m'matis dimidio brevioribus ; corolla rosea. — Victoria, on the lower Guadaloupe ; margin of thickets on the prairie.
1 Near the southwestern borders of Texas, Mr. Wright obtained specimens of the subjoined species, namely : —
Abutilon Wrightii (sp. nov.): caulibus decumbentibus ramosis viscoso-pubes- centibus et pilis graeillimis patentibus villosis ; foliis ovato-cordatis obtusiusculis argute dentatis supra viridulis scabrido-velutinis subtus mollissime niveo-tomentosis ; stipulis subulatis caducis; pedunculis unidoris petiolum aequantibus vel superioribus folium superantibus ; calyce tomentoso 5-partito, laciniis sensira acuminalissimis corollam aureain subsequantibus ; capsula tomentulosa calyci sequilonga, e carpellis 7 apice subulato-rostratis 3-spermis. — On the Rio Grande and the Seco, Mr. Charles Wright. — Stems one or two feet in length ; the leaves from one third to an inch and a half long. Calyx nearly as long as the peduncle. The golden-yellow corolla is over an inch in diameter when fully expanded. Capsule half an inch long, not inflated, the subulate beaks little diverging.
Plantcs Lindheimeriana. 163
February; just beginning to blossom. Stems a foot' long. Leaves one or two inches broad ; the soft pubescence appear- ing as if deciduous with age. Calyx deeply 5-cleft ; the lobes half an inch long. The expanded corolla about two inches in diameter. Stamineal column stellate-hairy. Styles 17- 18, clavate at the tip; the stigmas truncate rather than capitate. Ovules two or three in each cell. Fruit not seen.
355. Sidafilicaulis, Torr. Hf Gray, FL 1, p. 232. S. fili- formis, Moricand, PL Nouv. Amer. p. 38, t. 25. High and dry prairies and sunny declivities, New Braunfels, &c. June, August. — Prostrate, in patches, producing very numerous slender and branching stems from a perennial and somewhat ligneous root. These, when young, are beset with long, spreading hairs, which are so slender that they often escape notice, and are also deciduous from the older stems. Hence our Texan plant is doubtless the S. filiformis of Moricand, gathered at Tampico by Berlandier. Moricand's name is a little the earlier published ; but it appears from Steudel that there is a prior S. filiformis of Jacquin, which has been over- looked.1
(583.) S. physocalyx (sp. nov.) : caulibus e radice car- nosa crassa plurimis decumbentibus ramosis strigosis ; foliis carnosulis ovato-oblongis crenato-dentatis basi 5-7-nerviis
» Sida anomala ,*. Mexicana, Moricand, I. c. p. 36, t. 24, also from Tampico, is S. fasciculata, Torr. <$• Gray, Fl. I, p. 231, which has recently been gathered in Western Texas, by Mr. "Wright. The corolla, in dried specimens, is pink or rose- color, as is also said by Moricand, and the short, tufted stems spring from a stout pe- rennial root. Another species, indicated by Dr. Engelmann, I know only from a fragment, namely: —
Sida heterocarpa, Engclm. Mss.: " stellato-pubescens ; caule erecto ramoso; foliis basi subcordatis obtusis crenato-dentalis, inferioribus lanceolatis, superioribus linearibus; tuberculo subbasi petioli subspinoso; petiolis brevibus slipulas setaceaset pedicellas solitarias s. fasciculatassuperantibus; carpellis 5nigris divaricato-birostratis apice pubescenlibus latere tenuiter rugulosis, dorso membrana tenui evanescente elau- sis.— Road-sides, waste places, Houston, Texas, with S. spinosa. Annual ? Flowers in August and September. Distinguished from S. spinosa by the narrower dentate- crenate (not jerraU) leaves, and smaller black (not light brown) carpels, rugulose (not lacunose-reticulated) on the sides, with a prominent point on the back, broader, shorter, more divaricate, not erect beaks. The seed escapes through the back, not through the regular opening at the top."
164 Planta Lindheimeriana.
subcordatis petiolo subduplo longioribus supra pilis simplicibus subtus pilis 3- 5-partitis appressis parce strigosis, infimis ro- tundatis, summis sublanceolatis acutis ; stipulis subulatis ; pedunculis axillaribus unifloris petiolo brevioribus fructiferis nutantibus ; calyce 5-partito membranaceo inflato 5-alato clauso pedunculum adaequantibus, segmentis late ovatis quasi cordatis ; corolla flavida vix exserta ; ovario carnoso arete depresso 10-lobo pruinoso demum in carpella 10 rotundata intus subrostrato-producta mutica semini conformia nitida minute reticulata calyce maximo vesicario inclusa secedenti" bus. — On the Liano. A well-marked species, apparently allied to S. physalodes, Presl ; the calyx strikingly inflated, like a Physalis ; the corolla inconspicuous and opening only for a short time in direct sunshine. It has been cultivated during the past summer in the Botanic Garden, and it forms a conical and fleshy perennial root. Specimens have been gathered by Mr. Wright, and others in Southern Texas, by Wislizenus, south of El Paso del Norte, and by Dr. Gregg in Northern Mexico.1
1 Three other undescribed Texan species have been detected by Mr. Wr.'ght namely: —
Sida tragi^folia (sp. nov.) : humilis ; caulibus (e radice perenni ?) suberectis petiolisque pube stellata subglutinosa velutinis setisque patentibus gracillimis hispidis ; foliis ovato-oblongis angulato-cordatis grosse dentatis penninerviis basi 5-7-nervatis supra parce subtus molliter pubescentibus petiolo gracili (pollicari) vix duplo longio- ribus, superioribus acutis; stipulis setaceis ; pedunculis axillaribus unifloris petiolum subsequantibus ; corolla supra calycem villosulum paulo excedente; carpellis 10 glabriusculis apice obtuso bipartibilibus summo dorso bicorniculatis. — Raised in the Botanic Garden, Cambridge, from seeds gathered in southern Texas by Mr. Charles Wright. The foliage is not unlike that of Tragia urticsefolia. Corolla fugacious, half an inch in diameter. Carpels short, beakless, bimucronate or bicorniculate on the back near the apex.
S. filipes (sp. nov.) : furfuraceo-canescens ; caule erecto paniculato gracili : foliis brevissime petiolatis lanceolatis basi cordatis dentato-serratis oblusiusculis supra velu- tino-pubescentibus subtus ramulisquecano-tomentosis nunc fulvis vel ferrugineis ; stip- ulis setaceis petiolum excedentibus ; pedunculis unifloris capillaribus (2-3-pollicari- bus) foliis longioribus paulo sub flore pendulo articulatis ; corolla (purpurea ?) caly- cem subduplo superante ; carpellis 7 reticulato-rugosis muticis superne pubescen- tibus dorso canaliculars bivalvibus. — On hills above Austin, Texas, Mr. Charles Wright. Also near Monterey, Mexico, Dr. Edwards and Major Eaton (in Herb. Torrey). — Base of the slender stems wanting, but apparently it is entirely herba- ceous, of two or three feet in height. The leaves are from one and an half to two
Plantce Lindheimeriana. 165
356. Melochia pyramidata, Linn.; Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 1. p. 683; Gray, Gen. 111. 2. t. 134. Upper Guadaloupe, on rocky soil. August.
357. Hermannia Texana, Gray, Gen. 111. 2. p. 88. t. 135. Rocks, on the Upper Guadaloupe ; in flower ; and in high rocky prairies on the Salado River ; in fruit, October, (585.) — This interesting accession to our flora has also been found on the Rio Grande by Mr. Wright, and in Northern Mexico, by Dr. Gregg. Since the figure above cited was published, the plant has flowered in the Cambridge Botanic Garden. I must remark that the cinnabar-colored corolla is convolute and erect, not at all spreading at any period, as is represented in the figure, which was made from a dried specimen. The plant is suffruticose, with a thickened ligneous root.
VITACE^E.
358. V. rupestris, Scheele in Linncea, 21. p. 591. V. populifolia, Lindh. ined. Dry, rocky bed of the Cibolo, Upper Guadaloupe, and other streams ; also in rocky prairies on the Pierdenales ; flowering in May ; the fruit ripe in July, August, and September. — Like his other species, this is by
inches long, half an inch or less in width, and much like those of Sphaeralcea angusti- folia. The peduncles are remarkably long and slender, and curved towards the apex, near the articulation, so that the flower and fruit are pendulous. The calyx is 5-cleft to the middle ; the lobes rather obtuse. The expanded corolla is only about four lines in diameter. It is said by Mr. Wright to be " blue ; " in the dried specimens it is dark purple. — The species is probably allied to S. venusta, Schlecht.
S. cuneifolia (sp. nov.): cano-tomentosa, humilis; caulibus e basi fruticulosa assurgentibus ramosissimis ; foliis parvulis rotundato-cuneiformibus flabellato 3 - 5-ner- viis crenato-dentatis repandisve utrinque concoloribus ; stipulis linearibus petiolum subcequantibus; floribus (flavia) brevissime pedunculatis folio brevioribus ; carpellis 5 pubescentibus membranaceis turgidis apice inter rostra brevia mollia demum bival- vibus ; semine globoso. — In subsaline soil, Texas, about thirty-five miles north-east of Eagle Pass, on the Rio Grande, September, Mr. Charles Wright. — A well-marked, low, procumbent species, in foliage and habit not unlike a Hermannia. The soft, downy leaves are only about half an inch in length and breadth, on petioles of three or four lines long ; the flowers are solitary, or often clustered in the axils, and some- times scarcely exceed the petioles. The yellow corolla is twice the length of the ca- lyx, and is half an inch in diameter when expanded. The ovate carpels are membra- naceous, slightly inflated ; the seed is proportionally large and spherical, as in Abuti- lon, with the micropyle somewhat rostellate.
JOURNAL B. S. N. H. 22 JAN. 1SS0
166 Planta LindheimeriancB,
no means well characterized by Mr. Scheele. According to Lindheimer it is called Mountain Grape, and covers large tracts of rocky soil. It does not climb, but the stems are upright, and only two or three feet high. The branches are small, and the berries, of the size of peas only, are black, very sweet, and the most grateful as well as the earliest ripened grape of Texas. Dr. Engelmann informs me that he met with the same species in Western Arkansas, growing in similar situations. Also that a specimen exists in Michaux's Herbarium, on the same sheet with V. rip aria. The leaves are somewhat glaucous, and in appearance between those of V. riparia and V. vulpina, but much smaller than in either.
359. V. .ESTivALis, Michx. Fl. 2. p. 230 : var. tomento albo, nee fulvo. Shady banks of streams, New Braunfels, &c. ; flowering in May ; the fruit ripe in August. " Climbing high trees. Berries of the size of peas, in large bunches, very black ; the taste vinous and pleasant. Flowers very odor- ous." Lindh. — Under the name of "V. candicans, (n. sp.,) Engelm. ined., I have from Lindheimer, as also from Mr. Wright, Texan specimens of what appears to be a variety of V. Californica, Benth., with the leaves somewhat less dentate and more densely tomentose underneath.
f Vitis (Cissus) incisa, Nutt. in Torr. &r Gray, Fl. 1. p. 243. New Braunfels, climbing on Muskit trees. July- September. — Leaves thick and remarkably fleshy.
f V. vulpina, Linn. ; Torr. &/• Gray, I. c. V. rotundi- folia, Michx. Fl. 2. p. 231. New Braunfels. April.
ACERACEyE.
360. Negundo aceroides, Mcench. ; foliis adultis molliter pubescentibus. New Braunfels ; and banks of the Comale. March, in flower. August, in fruit.
MALPIGHIACKfE.
361. Galphimia linifolia (Gray, Gen. 111. 2. p. 196. t. 173) : humilis ; caulibus gracilibus e basi pubescente herba-
Plantcc Lindheimeriance. 167
ceis glabellis ; foliis glabris glaucescentibus lanceolatis vel linearibus subsessilibus (infimis ssepe oblongis vel ellipticis in petiolum angustatis) juxta basim utrinque uniglandnlosis re- pando-subdenticulatis vel integerrimis ; racemis laxis ; pedi- cellis basi articulatis ; petalis flavis cito rubris. — Rocky hills and prairies of the Upper Guadaloupe. July — September. Also found by Mr. Wright ; and in Northern Mexico by Dr. Edwards and Major Eaton. Stems from one to two feet in height.1
SAPINDACE^E.
362. iEscuLUs Pavia, /3. discolor, Torr. fy Gr. Fl. 1. p. 252. Pavia discolor, Pursh. Banks of the Comale Creek, March. " Shrub 6-10 feet high : flowers red or yellow."
363. Ungnadia speciosa, Endl. Ataikt. Bot. t. 36, fy Nov. Stirp. Dec. p. 86 ; Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 1. p. 684 ; Gray, Gen. 111. 2. p. 21 1, t. 178, 179. U. heterophylla, Scheele in Linncea, 21. p. 589; sphalm. pro U. heptaphylla, Scheele, I. c. 22. p. 352. In bottom-woods, New Braunfels. March ; sometimes flowering again in August. " Shrub 3 to 20 feet high, with many long stems, 1 to 3 inches thick, branching only at the top. Fruit sweet and pleasant, but emetic." Lindh. Its pop- ular name is Spanish Buckeye. — " The fertile flowers and the fruit, although for several years known to us, have not until now been illustrated or described, except by Adolf Scheele, who has published a description, from Lindheirner' 's speci- mens, in the Linncea, during the past year. The flowers
1 On the southwestern border of Texas, Mr. Wright has detected a Malpighiace- ous plant, which proves to be a third species of Aspicarpa, namely : —
Aspicarpa hyssopifolia {sp. nov.) : caulibus e radice lignescente plurimis erectis (6-12-pollic.) ; foliis lineari-lanceolatis basi rolundatis subcordatisve sessilibus ; pedi- cellis axillaribus solitariis ; petalis rotundatis eximie crispato-fimbriatis. — On the Rio Grande and Rio Seco, Texas, Mr. Charles Wright. — Leaves scarcely an inch long, one to two lines wide; the midrib and margins hispid-ciliate. Flowers about one third the size of those of A. Hartwegiana ; the petaliferous ones scattered in the axils (not umbellate at the summit of the stem), and fructiferous, either two or three car- pels ripening. These are much as in A. Hartwegiana, but smaller, more upright and acute, deeply umbilicate at the insertion. Fruit from the abnormal, apetalous flowers not seen.
168 Planta Lindheimeriance.
which Endlicher happened to examine were pentapetalous, which is not the more usual case ; and he erroneously states the plant to form a large tree, whereas it is commonly a slen- der shrub, of five or ten feet in height, or at most a small tree. Misled by these discrepancies, and by the differences of the two kinds of flowers, and, it would seem from his description, happening to possess tetrasepalous as well as tetrapetalous flowers (although there are five sepals in all my Lindheimerian and other specimens,) Mr. Scheele has wrongly introduced a second species, under the name of U. heterophylla. The leaflets vary from five, or even three, on the earlier leaves, to seven." Gen. III. 1. c. — In seedling plants, raised in the Cambridge Botanic Garden, I have noticed a lusus of the earliest leaves, in which the leaflets are confluent.
(586.) U. speciosa, Endl. Finer specimens of both sexes ; from New Braunfels.
(587.) Sapindus marginatus, Willd. ; Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 1. p. 255 ; Gray, Gen. 111. 2. t. 180. New Braunfels. June, (in flower.)
RHAMNACE^E.
364. Zizyphus obtusifolia, Gray, Gen. 111. 2. p. 170. t. 163. Rhamnus obtusifolius, Hook, in Torr. &f Gray, Fl. 1. p. 685. Paliurus Texanus, Scheele in Linncea, 21. p. 580. Bottom woods of Comale Creek, New Braunfels, &c. ; com- mon. A shrub or small tree, with slender shoots and green- ish-white bark ; several times flowering between March and September. No. (588) is the same plant in flower, and in ripe fruit, the fruit ripening the season after flowering.1
1 Another species, gathered by Dr. Gregg between Matamoros and Mapimi, may be thus characterized: —
Zizyphus lycioides (sp.nov.): glabrata ; rami's valde spinosis; foliis oblongo- linearibus parvis integerrimis coriaceis; pedunculis brevissimis3-5-floris; drupa sub- globosa monosperma. — The sharp and straight thorns are from one to two inches in length : the specimen shows no stipular spines. Leaves halfan inch long, one or two lines wide, obtuse. Fruit, of the size of that of the Buckthorn, said by Dr. Gregg to be black and edible.
Plantce Lindheimeriana. 169
365. Colubrina Texensis : caule ramosissimo, ramulis divaricatis cinereis ; foliis elliptico-cuneatis oblongisve glandu- loso-denticulatis breviter petiolatis alternis plerumque in nodos fasciculatis supra pubescentibus nunc glabratis subtus sericeo- villosis fulvis penniverviis basi trinervatis ; pedunculis fascicu- latis paucis petiolo longioribus calyceque (laciniis patentibus) villosis. — Rhamnus? Texensis, Torr. fy Gray, Fl. l.p. 263. — Prairies and borders of woods on the Guadaloupe and Comale. (Also communicated by Mr. Wright.) Flowers in May ; fruits in June. — Shrub 2 to 5 feet high, rigid. Leaves three fourths of an inch long. Pedicels two to four together from the centre of the cluster of leaves, two or three lines long in flower, in fruit becoming half an inch or more in length. Calyx-tube adherent to the ovary and filled with the broad annular disk ; the lobes widely spreading, broadly tri- angular-ovate, nearly herbaceous. Petals unguiculate, shorter than the subulate-filiform filaments, scarcely equalling the calyx. Styles three, sometimes four, united at the base, stigmatose on the inner face above. Ovary immersed in the adherent disk. Fruit dry and capsular at maturity, tricoc- cous, somewhat three-lobed, globular, girt at the base by the persistent and adherent base of the calyx, three-seeded. Seeds lenticular, plano-convex, shining. Cotyledons plane ; albumen very thin. This shrub, of which we at length are provided with complete specimens, has nearly the flowers of a Zizyphus, but the fruit of a Ceanothus. It appears to be a genuine Colubrina.
366. Condalia obovata, Hook. Ic. PL t. 287 ; Torr. $■ Gray, Fl. 1. p. 685 ; Gray, Gen. 111. 2. t. 164. " On slopes, near watercourses ; common from Matagorda Bay to New Braunfels. — Shrub, or small tree, sometimes 20 to 30 feet high, with a trunk one foot in diameter. Flowers very sparse. August, September. The wood dyes blue. Called here Blue-wood or Logwood" No. (589) is the same plant, in flower and fruit.
170 Plantce Lindheimeriana.
f Ceanothus ovalis, Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 92. C. ovatus, Desf. Arb. 2. p. 381. Rocky heights, along the Pierdenales and Sabinas. June (in fruit.)
LEGUMINOS^E.
(590.) Vicia Leavenworthii, Torr. fy Gr. I. c. W. Texas.
367. Phaseolus retusds, Benfh. PL Hartw. No. 59, p. 11. P. maculatus, Scheele in Linnaa, 21. p. 465. On rocky or gravelly soil in the dry bed of the Cibolo River. June, September. " Prostrate ; the stems often running for twenty feet." In cultivation it is more or less voluble. The leaflets are thicker in texture and more reticulated than those of P. perennis, not acuminate, but obtuse or many of them retuse. They are more dilated at the base than in my specimen of Hartweg's plant, but otherwise, there is little perceptible dif- ference. Mr. Wright met with it all the way to the Rio Grande, and Dr. Wislizenus in Chihuahua.
f P. diversifolius was found on the Liano ; and Apios tuberosa and Clitoria Mariana on the Pierdenales.
368. Galactia Texana: procumbens, subvolubilis, cine- reo-tomentosa, trifoliolata ; foliolis ovalibus retusis setaceo- mucronatis supra cinereo-puberulis subtus sericeo-canescenti- bus ; racemis paucifloris folio brevioribus petiolum raro supe- rantibus ; legumine eximie falcato sericeo folia excedentibus. — Lablab Texanus, Scheele in Linnma, 21, p. 467. — New Braunfels. August. Root ligneous. Leaflets 1 to 1| inch long, in appearance intermediate between those of G. mollis and G. canescens, less whitened beneath than in the latter. Flowers little larger than those of G. mollis, with hirsute, more attenuated and longer calyx-lobes. Legumes 2g inches long, linear, strongly falcate, densely silky, 9-10-seeded. I do not observe the muricate-tuberculate sutures mentioned by Scheele. Seeds oval, chestnut-colored, with a brown hilum, not strophiolate. The species is nearest allied to what I take to be G. mollis, Michx. Mr. Scheele, with his usual wisdom, provisionally refers the plant (without fruit) to Lablab !
Plantce Lindheimeriana. 171
369. Rhynchosia Texana, Torr. fy Gr. FL 1. p. 687. New Braunfels ; prostrate, or climbing over bushes. August. It has the aspect of a Galactia.
370. Galactia canescens, Benth. Comm. Legum. Gen. p. 62 ; Torr. &/• Gr. FL 1. p. 288, & p. 687. Heterocarpsea Texana, Scheele in Linncea, 21, p. 467. Rocky soil, New Braunfels. June, September. " Often flowering a second time after the rains in September, as is the case with many other plants." — Stems creeping ; many of the racemes becoming subterranean, and bearing globular, membranaceous legumes which are filled by a single large seed ; while the legumes which fructify above ground are linear-oblong, canescent, and 4-5-seeded; as is mentioned in the FL N. Amer. p. 687. On this Mr. Scheele has founded his new genus Heterocar- pcea, which he thinks is very distinct from any other known !
(591.) G. heterophylla (sp. nov.) : cano-sericea ; cauli- bus gracilibus e basi suffruticosa decumbentibus ; foliolis oblongis subcuneatis obtusis retusisve mucronulatis, aut 3 late- ralibus a terminali paulo remotis brevissime petiolulatis, aut in plurimis 4-5, accessoriis cum lateralibus digitatim insertis ; racemis brevibus paucifloris ; calycis laciniis triangulari-oblon- gis sericeis corolla multo brevioribus, superiore bidentato ; legumine puberulo recto inferne angustato 3 -6-spermo. — On the Liano, October. — Remarkable for its prevailingly 4-5- foliolate leaves, although some in each specimen are only 3-foliolate ; the additional leaflets are mostly rather smaller than the others, and inserted with the lateral pair. Stems 6 to 20 inches long. Leaflets half an inch long, thickish, silky- canescent, especially underneath, with a closely appressed and silvery pubescence ; the veins rather prominent underneath. Stipules subulate : stipels deciduous. Peduncles 1 - 4-flow- ered. Corolla nearly half an inch long, fully twice the length of the calyx ; the vexillum appears to have been pale yellow ! the other petals rose-color. Legume \\ inches long. Seeds, style, &c. as in the genus to which I refer this in some respects anomalous species.
172 Planta Lindheimeriana.
371. Sesbania macrocarpa, Muhl. ; Torr. &/• Gr. Fl.l. p. 293. Banks of Comale Creek. August, September.
(592.) Tephrosia Lindheimeri (sp. nov.) : caule pros- trate- nunc adscendente flexuoso ramoso pube brevi tomentu- loso; foliolis 7-13 late obovatis cuneatisve ssepe retusis mu- cronulatis subtus prsesertim incano-sericeis ; stipulis brevibus subulatis ; racemis laxe multifloris ; lobis calycis subulatis tubo sublongioribus ; legumine pube brevi densa velutino. — Muskit prairies, on the Liano. August. (Also gathered by Mr." Wright in Western Texas.) Stems rather stout, 3 or 4 feet long, from a tuberous and ligneous root. Leaflets 8 to 12 or sometimes 18 lines in length, roundish-obovate or broadly cuneiform ; the pairs rather distant on the rachis. Raceme 7-9 inches long, exceeding the leaves, 20-30-flowered. Corolla nearly as large as that of T. onobrychoides, over half an inch broad, purple.
372. Psoralea cuspidata, Pursh. Fl. 2, p. 741 ; Torr. fy Gr. Fl. 1, p. 688. P. cryptocarpa, Torr. fy Gr. 1. c. p. 301. P. Roemeriana, Scheele in Linnaa, 21, p. 463. * New Braun- fels ; sparsely on rocky prairies. May, June. " Flower entirely blue." — The caudex or root often bears a globular tuber, as in P. esculcnta, &c. The spikes become oblong or cylindrical, and looser in fruit ; the bracts are ovate-oblong or obovate, and abruptly cuspidate-acuminate ; the calyx is some- what gibbous, and its lower lobe soon elongated ; points in which the species is not quite correctly described in the Flora. The legume is utricular, membranaceous and fragile.
(593.) Psoralea cyphocalyx (sp. nov.) : striguloso-sub- cinerea, caulibus e caudice lignescente tuberifero erectis sim- plicibus ; foliis digitatis 3-5-foliolatis ; foliolis linearibus (majoribus 3-pollicaribus) mucronulatis supra glabratis nigro- glandulosis ; stipulis subulatis ; spicis longiuscule pedunculatis
1 The Indigofera Lindheimeriana, Scheele in Linnwa, I. c. is evidently I. Anil, L. ,5. poh/phylla, DC, which I have from Texas by Mr. Wright (although neither Dr. Engelmann nor I have received it from Mr. Lindheimer,) and also from South Caro- lina, where, according to Mr. Ravenel it occurs not uncommonly in cultivated fields.
PlantcB Lindheimeriana. 173
interrupte multifloris fasciculis approximatis ; bracteis ovatis acuminatis ; calycis tubo valde obliquo postice saccato pedi- cillum bis terve excedente, lobis lanceolatis acuminatis mar- gine albo-villosis, superioribus ultra dimidium coalitis. — Rocky prairies on the Cibolo and Pierdenales, growing sparsely. May, June (in flower.) — Caudex perpendicular, dilated below the summit into a globular tuber, of nearly an inch in diameter. Stem 2 to 3 feet high, simple, or sparingly paniculate at the summit. Lower petioles nearly as long as the leaflets ; the latter 2 or 3 lines wide. Spikes dense, one or two inches long. Flowers apparently pale purple, fully half an inch in length ; the pedicels scarcely a line long. Calyx conspicuously glandular ; the tube remarkably one-sided, nearly straight on the lower side, but strongly gibbous-saccate or almost calcarate on the upper ! The free apices of the nine filaments are very short, all antheriferous ; five of them spatulate, the four intermediate triangular and shorter. Ovary glabrous. Fruit not seen.
(594.) P. hypogjea, Nutt., var. scaposa : pedunculis petio- los v. folia aequantibus, 1|— 2§ unc. longis. — Stony soil, hills on the Pierdenales, near Fredericksburg. April. (Western Texas, Mr. Charles Wright.) — Tuber globular or pointed upwards, sending forth a slender caudex, beset with membra- nous scales. From the Canadian River we have specimens gathered by Mr. Gordon, which are intermediate, as to the length of the peduncle, between the Texan plant and that described by Nuttall.
373. P. floribunda, Nutt. in Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 1. p. 300. Prairies on Comale Creek. In black, clayey soil, New Braunfels, " growing in patches, many stems from the same base, forming a large and dense bush." June. — May not this rather than P. obtusiloba (of which Mr. Wright has sent characteristic specimens from Texas,) be the P. tenui- jlora of Pursh and Nuttall ?
374. Eysenhardtia amorphoides, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. &/■ Sp. 6. p. 491, t. 592 ; Schauer in Linncea, 20, p. 747. E.
JOURNAL B. S. N. H. 23 JAN. 1850.
174 Plantcs Lindheimeriance.
Drummondii, Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 1. p. 690, sine descr. E. Texana, Scheele in Linncea, 21. p. 462. — Rocky precipices, Upper Guadaloupe. August. Also gathered by Mr. Wright. " Shrub 4 to 7 feet high." Vexillum barely emarginate. Style little curved at the apex. Ovary with two collateral ovules. Legume linear and arcuate or sabre-shaped, com- pressed, 5 or 6 lines long, sessile, glandular, dotted, with a single oblong seed pendulous from near the apex, empty below, agreeing with those of E. amorphoides, as described by Schauer, and as observed in Mexican specimens of Coul- ter's Collection. The foliage is rather smoother, the vexillum less notched, and the style less hooked than in the Hartwe- gian specimens of E. amorphoides ; but those of Coulter and of Dr. Edwards are intermediate ; so that I have no reason to think that the Texan plant is a distinct species. The tenth stamen is scarcely free in either. All the specimens show an oval gland near the apex of the style. — A second species, however, with a 4-ovulate ovary, gathered by Dr. Wislizenus, has been characterized by Dr. Engelmann, as below.1
f Amorpha fruticosa, Linn. ; var. subglabra ; foliolis el- lipticis retusis supra nitidis. — On a creek near Fredericks- burg. June. — One of the forms of this polymorphous spe- cies, nearly the same as the A. nana, Bot. Mag. t. 2112.
(595.) A. fruticosa, Linn.; var. subglabra; foliolis ob- longis seu lineari-oblongis. A. Lewisii, Lodd. ! Cat. — New Braunfels. Like the last, except that the leaflets are narrower and seldom retuse. I know of no constant characters for distinguishing A. glabra, Desf., A. Caroliniana, Croome,
1 "E. spinosa (n. sp.): fruticosa; ramis squamosis rachidi spicarum persistente lienosa spinosis; foliis 6-8-jugis; foliolis minutis ovatis acutis adpresse pilosis ; spicis paucifloris; calycis obconico-campanulati dentibus triangularibus obtusis insequali- bus; vexillo profunde bilobo; staminibus subdiadelplu's; ovario A-oridalo et t.tylo apice uncinate pilosis. — On Lake Encinillas, north of Chihuahua, Dr. Wislizenus; in flower, August and September. — A rough looking, in many respects, remarkable shrub, 2-3 feet high, with black bark. Leaves 4 to 6 or 7 lines long : leaflets 1 - 1| lines long. Spikes an inch long, with a stout persistent rachis : flowers at first white, then rose-colored: uppermost (vexillary) filament shortest and almost free, adhering to the tube only at its base : style strongly hooked." — Engelm. Mss.
Planted Lindheimeriatue. 175
A. nana, Nutt., Bot. Mag., and A. laevigata, JSutt. from A. fru- ticosa. The A. Roemeriana, Scheele in Linncea, 21. p. 461, is doubtless a form of A. fruticosa or of A. panieulata.
375. Dale a laxiflora, Pursh. Fl. 2. p. 741 ; Torr. &f Gray, FL 1. p. 307. D. penicillata, Moric. PI. Nouv. Amer. t. 45. Dry and rocky prairies, between the Rio Colorado and Guadaloupe. June, in flower. September, in fruit.
f D. pogonathera, Gray, PL Fendl. p. 31. On the Liano. October. — Stems a span high, numerous, from a thickish, apparently perennial root. Vexillum violet-pur- ple.
f D. aurea, Nutt. Gen. 2. p. 101. Dry prairies, Upper Guadaloupe. June.
f D. nana, Torr. in Gray, PL Fendl. p. 31. Post-Oak- openings, on the Pierdenales. June. Also gathered by Mr. Wright on the Rio Grande, and by Mr. Gordon on the Ar- kansas.
376. D. frutescens (sp. Tiov.) : glaberrima ; caulibus lig- nescentibus ramosis glandulis tuberculiformibus raris obsitis ; foliolis 6-8-jugis glauceseenti-asruginosis obovatis retusis obcordatisve manifeste petiolulatis subtus (rachique in foliis summis submarginata) grosse glandulosis ; spicis paniculatis brevibus paucifloris ; bracteis coriaceis ovatis muticis glandu- losis calycem vix eequantibus caducis ; tubo calycis sessili glabro glandulis magnis cerinis ornato, dentibus brevibus tri- angulato-subulatis margine villosis ; corolla violacea, carina maxima vexillo plus duplo longiore. — Rocky hills, and high plains, along the margin of thickets, on the Guadaloupe, Sabinas, and Pierdenales. July, August. (Western Texas, and on the Rio Grande, Mr. Charles Wright. Monterey, N. Mexico, Dr. Edwards in Herb. Torr.) This is a shrubby species, a foot or two in height, and totally distinct from D. citriodora, for which I at first mistook it. The flowers are more like those of D. nutans, but they are much fewer, sessile, the calyx remarkably glandular ; the leaflets are of a different form, not at all crenate ; and there is a gland,
176 Plantce Lindheimeriance.
instead of a subulate stipel, on the rachis at the insertion of each leaflet.1
(596.) Astragalus caryocarpus, Ker, Rot. Reg. t. 176 ; Torr. &/• Gray, Fl. 1. p. 331. Clayey soil, near Victoria. February, in flower. Also (598) in Western Texas, in flower and fruit.
(597.) A. Mexicanus, Alph. DC. PI. Rar. Hort. Genev. not. 5. p. 17. t. 3. A. trichocalyx, Nutt. in Torr. fy Gray, Fl. I. c. Prairies on the Lower Guadaloupe, west of Victoria. February, in flower. — This and the last species, although often confounded in herbaria, are manifestly distinct in the living state. A. caryocarpus has more strigose and somewhat canescent, oblong or linear-oblong leaflets, close and fine hairs on the calyx, sometimes blackish, a violet purple corolla, the flower about two thirds of an inch long, and ovate pointed legumes, which are seldom more than two thirds of an inch in diameter. A. Mexicanus is a larger plant in all its parts, with smoother and greener foliage ; the leaflets varying from roundish-obovate to oblong ; the flowers an inch long ; the calyx villous, (often very densely) with soft, white hairs ; the corolla barely tinged above with pale violet, or nearly white; and the very turgid globose-ovoid legumes are obtuse and over an inch in diameter.2
1 Petalostemon virgatum, Scheele in Linncea, 21, p. 461, is plainly the No. 42, PL Lindh. and No. 137, PL Fendl., viz. a pubescent variety of P. violaceum, perhaps connecting that species with P. decumbens. The leaves in some specimens are in- deed 7-foliolate, in others both 5-foliolate and 3-foliolate. — Trifolium Rcemerianum, Scheele, I. c. is manifestly the T. amphianthum, Torr. $' Gray, Fl. 1. p. 316.
2 This Texan plant is clearly De Candolle's A. Mexicanus ; but Dr. Engelmann thinks it distinct from the A. trichocalyx, of Missouri ; on account of the still larger and pale purple flowers, and shorter calyx-teeth. The remarks above are chiefly founded on living plants of A. trichocalyx and A. caryocarpus, raised from seeds furnished by Dr. Engelmann from St. Louis.
Mr. "Wright has communicated specimens of a new Texan species of Astragalus, and also seeds from which the plant has been raised, during the past summer in the Cambridge Botanic Garden.
Astragalus Weightii (sp. nov.): annuus, pumilus, hirsuto-canescens ; caule subsimplici ; stipulis subulatis liberis ; foliolis 3-5-jugis oblongis acutiusculis; pedun- culis folio longioribus paucifloris ; floribus capitatis ; calyce hirsutissimo, lobis lineari- subulatis attenuatis corollam violaceam superantibus legumine oblongo hirsuto sub- tereti fere biloculari 6-4-spermo dimidio brevioribus. — Texas, near Austin, Mr.
Plantce Lindheimeriana. 177
(599.) ZORNIA TETRAPHYLLA, Mkhx. Fl. 2. p. 76. Post-
Oak openings west of the Pierdenales. June.
(600.) Lupinus Texensis, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3492. New Braunfels. Not distinct, I fear, from L. subcarnosus.
377. Cercis occidentals (Torr. ined.) : frutex ; foliis subreniformibus obtusissimis ; leguminibus oblongis obtusissi- mis breviter apiculatis vix stipitatis. — C. Siliquastrum, var. Benth. PI. Hartw. No. 1706, p. 307. — Var. floribus etiam paulo minoribus, foliis supra nitidioribus. C. reniformis, En- gelm. Mss. Rocky plains of the Upper Guadaloupe. March, in flower ; June, with ripe fruit. A shrub, forming thickets, never becoming a tree. — This is entirely distinct from C. Canadensis ; but does not differ from the Californian plant of Fremont and of Hartweg, except that the flowers are a little smaller still, being no larger than those of C. Canadensis, and the full-grown leaves are rather thicker and more shining above. The Texan and the Californian plants agree in their short and scarcely stipitate pods (only 2 or 2| inches long, and two thirds of an inch broad,) which character, with the size of the flowers, would seem abundantly to distinguish it from C. Siliquastrum, the legumes of which, including the manifest stipe, are six, or at least five inches in length. (Dr.
Charles Wright. — The plants from seeds sown in the spring blossom from midsum- mer to autumn. Stem a span high, seldom branched. Leaflets 4 lines long, the upper surface sparsely, the lower densely beset, like the stem, &c, with villous- hirsute loosely appressed hairs. Peduncles in fruit 2 or 3 inches long. Legumes half an inch long, densely hirsute, straight, rather acute, tipped with the short style, often carrying away the inconspicuous corolla upon its apex as it enlarges, nearly erect, only three or four produced in each capitulum, scarcely twice the length of the persistent subsessile calyx. Bracts subulate, the lower resembling the calyx-lobes. — Mr. Wright has also detected Oxytropis Lamberti, Pursh, in "Western Texas ; and likewise a unifoliolate Desmodium, namely: —
Desmodium Wrightii (sp.nov.): caulibus gracilibus ramosis puberulis; foliis unifoliolatis breviter petiolatis ; foliolo membranaceo oblongi-ovato obtuso basi subcor- dato fere glabro ; stipulis stipellisque subulatis minimis ; racemis laxis ; tomento 3 - 4-articulato breviter stipitato, articulis insequilateris ovalibus. — Austin, Texas, Mr. Charles Wright. — Stems one or two feet high. Leaves veiny, paler and minutely pubescent underneath, mucronulate ; the lower two inches long, on petioles half an inch long ; the upper successively narrower and smaller, on shorter petioles. Legume less than an inch long ; the stipe as long as the stamineal tube.
178 Plantce. Lindheimeriana.
Gregg has gathered fruiting specimens of the same plant in the high lands near Saltillo, Mexico, in 1848.) — Dr. Engel- mann states that it is peculiar to the limestone districts of Middle Texas.
378. Sophora (Styphnolobium) affinis, Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 1. p. 390. Margin of Cotton-wood groves along the Rio Colorado, above Bastrop : August (in fruit) ; also near New Braunfels and San Antonio, common; April, in flower. — " A small tree, 10 to 12 feet high, the trunk 4 to 8 inches in diameter, rarely a small shrub ; the annual shoots with green bark, fragile ; the wood very heavy." Leaflets less than an inch long, nearly of the same hue both sides, retuse or very obtuse. No. 601 is the same plant, from New Braunfels.
379. Sophora (Dermatophyllum) speciosa, Benth. Mss. Dermatophyllum speciosum, Scheele in Linnaa, 21. p. 459. Sophora sempervirens, Engelm. Mss. " On the western part of Matagorda Bay, where it forms groves. Also sparsely on rocky hills, margins of Cedar woods along the Guadaloupe, near New Braunfels, &c. Flowers in February. A small tree, about 30 feet high ; the wood yellow, hard, and heavy, called lignum-vitce. Flowers, showy, blue, sweet-scented, ex- haling nearly the fragrance of violets. The tree forms small groves on the shores of Matagorda Bay, where it is the only fire-wood. The wood dyes yellow." Also gathered by Ber- landier, and by Mr. Wright. The large, woody pods, two to four inches long, are sometimes constricted between the seeds, sometimes barely torose. Mr. Bentham remarks, in Herb. Torr., that, " at present Dermatophyllum can only be admitted as a section to include *S*. speciosa, S. secundiflora, and an intermediate species collected by Dr. Gregg in North- ern Mexico, until the pods of all the genus are better known." — No. (602) is the same species from New Braunfels, flow- ering in March, either a shrub or a small tree.
(603.) Hoffmanseggia Jamesii, Torr. &/• Gray, FL 1. p. 393 ; Gray, PI. Fendl. p. 38. Stony soil on the Liano. October ; the second flowering, after the burning of the
Plantce Lindheimeriana. 179
prairies. Shrubby, many stems form a large ligneous root, one or two feet high. Upper surface of the leaves smooth, and with the petals, destitute of the black glands. "Petals yellow; stamens red."1
380. Cassia (Cham^senna) Lindheimeriana (Scheele in Ldnncea, 21. p. 457) : perennis, undique tomento sericeo mol- lissimo albicans ; foliolis 6-S-jugis oblongis utrinque obtnsis basi inaequalibus aristato-mucronatis subtus argenteo-sericeis ; glandula cum stipite tomentoso setiformi inter omnia paria ; stipulis subulatis caducis; racemis folium aequantibus pluri- floris ; legumine lato-lineari complanato parce pilosulo. — Rocky plains and margin of woods, New Braunfels, &c. September. Also found by Mr. Wright from San Marcos to the Rio Grande. — Stems 4 or 5 feet high, from a thick, perennial root, clothed like the petioles, peduncles, stipules, &c. with a dense velvety tomentum. Leaflets from one to nearly two inches in length, silky above, silvery-sericeous beneath, tipped with a very conspicuous mucro. The seti- form gland, with its stipe, between each pair, is a line long. Petals golden yellow with dark veins, half an inch in length. Anthers 7, chocolate-colored ; the three upper stamens rudi- mentary. Legumes 2 inches long, over 2 lines wide. Seeds as in the section. — A species apparently allied to C. argentea and C. mollissima, H. B. K.
1 The subjoined, very distinct species, comes from the southern borders of Texas.
Hoffmanseggia CAUDATA (sp. nov.): frutescens ; ramis glaberrimis superne ra- chique foliorum glandulis minimis rariter conspersis ; foliis bipinnatis ; pinnis2-3- jugis abrupte 8- 10-foliolatis, cum impari elongata 24-30-juga; foliolis glaberrimis omnino glandulosis rotundatis oblique subcordatis venosis ; stipulis bracteisque cadu- cis ; racemo sparsifloro; legumine acinaciformi dilatato glanduloso. — Sandy soil, between the Nueces and the. Rio Grande, Texas, Mr. Charles Wright. August, September. — This species is remarkable for its smoothness (some small tack-shaped glands only occurring on the calyx, or a few still minuter ones scattered on the upper part of the branches and the petioles,) and for the elongation of the terminal pinna, which is two or three inches in length, and bears many pairs of leaflets; while the lateral ones are scarcely an inch long. The leaflets are about two lines in length, thickish, obscurely mucronulate, subsessile, oblique. Raceme sparsely 6-9-flowered. Legume nearly two inches long and two thirds of an inch wide, flat, reticulated, fur- furaceous-glandular, and roughened with subsessile blackish glands. There are no expanded flowers ; the raceme of one specimen bears unopened flower-buds.
180 Planta Lindheimeriance.
381. C. (Chablesenna) Rcemeriana, (Scheele,l. c.) : caule suffruticoso cinereo-pubescente ; foJiolis unijugis e basi inse- quilatera rotundata lanceolatis acutiusculis mucronatis supra puberulis subtus strigoso-pubescentibus ; glandula subulata in- terposita ; stipulis setaceis caducis ; racemis paucifloris folium superantibus ; legumine lineari-oblongo basi attenuato sub- falcato glabello. — Rocky plains of the Upper Guadaloupe. August. Also communicated by Mr. Wright. — Plant one or two feet high, much branched. Leaflets about two inches long, gradually tapering from the rounded inaequilateral base, sometimes a little falcate, beneath somewhat cinereous with fine strigose hairs. Petals yellow, with brownish veins, one third of an inch in length. Legumes an inch or little more long, with a prominent border, minutely and sparsely strigose.1
f C. pumilio (sp. nov.) : subcaulescens e caudice lignes- cente, strigulosa ; foliolis unijugis linearibus subtrinervatis ; glandula nulla ; petiolo in appendicem setaceam producto ; stipulis setaceo-subulatis petiolo basi adnatis rigidis persis- tentibus ; pedunculis unifloris folio longioribus infra apicem unibracteatis ; sepalis obtusissimis ; staminibus 3 superioribus difformibus castratis ; ovario glaberrimo ; fructu ignoto. — On the Liano and Pierdenales. "Only two small specimens were seen." Rio Grande, Texas, Mr. Charles Wright. The caudex of this singular dwarf species scarcely rises out of the
1 From the Rio Grande, Texas, as well as from Northern Mexico, we have the sub- joined species, which is said by Mr. Bentham (in Herb. Torr.) to be " a very distinct, new species, apparently near C. bauhinisefolia." It belongs, however, to the section Chamaesenna.
Cassia (Chamaesenna) batjhinioides (sp.nov.): humilis, suffraticosa, hirsuto- sericea ; foliolis unijugis rariusve bijugis oblongis vel subovatis utrinque rotundatis inaequilateris sericeo-canescentibus ; glandula interposita ; stipulis setaceis persisten- tibus ; pedunculis 2- 3-floris; legumine membranaceo turgido rectiusculo hirsuto. — On the Rio Grande, Texas, August (in fruit,) Mr. Charles Wright. Santa Rosa- lia, Northern Mexico, May (in flower only,) Dr. Gregg. Between El Paso and Chi- huahua, August, Dr. Wislizcnus. — The plant of Dr. Wislizenus is 10 inches high, larger in all its parts and less canescent than the other specimens, which are from three to six inches high. The peduncles in the latter are shorter than the leaves. The three upper stamens are rudimentary ; the linear-oblong anthers open only by a terminal pore. Legumes an inch long, slightly curved upwards, very obtuse, and with an incurved apiculate tip.
Plania Lindheimeriana. 1S1
ground. Leaves crowded. Leaflets an inch or less in length, one to two lines wide, rather rigid, as long as the petiole. Peduncle one or two inches long, slender. Corolla two thirds of an inch in diameter, pale yellow in the speci- mens. The seven perfect anthers open by a terminal pore ; the three upper stamens are abortive, as in the section Cha- maesenna, to which, so far as can be told in the absence of the fruit, this species would seem to belong.
382. Algarobia glandulosa, Torr. 8f Gray, Fl. 1. p. 399. Common on the Guadaloupe, &.c. May, In flower ; August, with unripe fruit. — The Mus~kit "forms open woods in high, rocky plains, and wet, clayey bottoms. Trees from 30 to 40 feet high, with kw and large, erect branches ; the trunk often from one to two and a half feet in diameter ; the heart-wood dark reddish brown ; but often occurring as a small tree or shrub. Important as furnishing the only fire- wood in Western Texas ; also for its edible fruit." Lind- heimer. — The foliage appears different from that of A. dulcis, Benth., in Hartweg's Mexican Collection.
383. Mimosa Lindheimeri (sjp. nov.) : fruticosa, glabra, v. sub lente minutim puberula ; aculeis infrastipularibus vali- dis geminis (nunc solitariis ternisve) recurvis, petiolaribus minutis rarisv. nullis ; stipulis subulatis etiam spinescentibus ; pinnis 4-6-jugis ; foliolis 8-12-jugis oblongis ; pedunculis folium subcequantibus ; capitulis globosis ; bracteolis minutis; floribus 5-meris glaberrimis ; legumine glabro lineari-oblongo seu falcato margine aculeis validis sparsis subuncinatisarmato. — Rocky plateaus near New Braunfels, and on the Upper Guadaloupe, not seen on the Pierdenales. July, in flower, and with young fruit : August, with ripe fruit. — Shrub two or three feet high ; the branches armed with very stout, com- pressed, infrastipular aculei, which are sometimes solitary, germinate, often usually in threes. Occasionally there are one or two minute prickles on the rachis of the leaves. Calyx purple, very glabrous. This species is nearly allied to M. acanthocarpa, of Mexico, from which it differs in the want
JOURNAL B. S. N. H. 24 JA.N. 1850.
182 Plantcc Lindheimeriana.
of pubescence, except a mere trace under the lens, and in the spinescent stipules. The valves of the pod somewhat incline tobreak transversely into pieces.
(606.) M. fragrans (sp. nov.) : fruticosa, erecta, glaberri- ma ; aculeis infrastipularibus solitariis subrecurvis ; petiolis in- ermibus gracilibus ; pinnis 1 -3-jugis (in ramis floridis saepis- sime unijugis) ; foliolis 5 — 6-jugis lineari-oblongis ; pedunculis axillaribus soepius fasciculatis folio sequalibus capitulum glo- bosum gerentibus ; floribus 5-meris 10-andris glabris ; petalis liberis calyce parvo quadruplo longioribus ; legumine lineari falcato 6 - 8-articulato membranaceo glaberrimo inermi, rari- usve margine aculeis 1— 3 armato. — Rocky soil, on the Pierdenales. April, in flower (606) ; May, with immature fruit (607). (Also gathered near Austin by Mr. Wright). — " Shrub 3 or 4 feet high, covered at the season of blossoming with the heads of light purplish-red, fragrant flowers." Aculei short and stout. Leaflets rather thin, not crowded as in the preceding species, rather sparse on the sterile branches, where they are two lines long ; on the flowering branches smaller. Peduncles nearly an inch in length, larger than the head. The unripe pods are two inches long ; strongly fal- cate, the margins sinuate so that the joints are well defined, and the transverse lines at which the valves will separate are already evident. — This species is allied to M. borealis, Gray, PI. Fendl. (which much resembles M. depauperata, Benih.) of which I think I have a Texan specimen from Mr. Wright; but the pinnae are much longer, with more numerous and narrower leaflets, and the pods are different. It is perhaps the same as a North Mexican species of Dr. Gregg, indicated by Mr. Bentham (in Herb. Torr.) as " Mimosa, n. sp. near M. terniflora," a species which I do not find anywhere enume- rated.1
1 On the Rio Grande, Texas, Mr. Wright gathered specimens of the suhjoined species of the section Habbasia, § Rubicaulcs, Benth.
Mimosa malacophylla (sp. nov-): sufFrutescens, puhe mollissima undique seri- ceo-tomentosa; caulibus procumbentibus angulatis petiolisque copiosissime aculea- tis, aculeis brevibus uncinato-retrorsis ; pinnis 4 - 7-jugis ; foliolis 5 - S-jugis ovatis
PlantcB Lindheimeriance. 183
384. Schrankia platycarpa (sp. nov.) : glabra, leviter aculeata ; pinnis 4-6-jugis ; foliolis oblongis ciliatis aveniis : leguminibus latiuscule linearibus compressis acuminatis acu- leis brevibus echinatis pedunculo subduplo longioribus, val- vulis planis margine persistente (replo) fere duplo latioribus. — Mimosa Roameriana, Scheele in Linncea, 21. p. 456? — Dry, stony, prairies, New Braunfels. April, in flower; Sep- tember, in fruit. — I have seen this species from other Texan correspondents. It is distinguished from S. angustata, in some degree by its rather broader and more ciliate leaflets, and obviously by its legumes, which are about three inches long, but a quarter of an inch in width, flat, and about twice the breadth of the persistent margin ; thus confirming Mr. Bentham's remark, that the genus is not sufficiently distinct from Mimosa. The valves are rather sparsely, the thickened margin densely, echinate with very short, somewhat uncinate prickles. From the locality this is most probably the Mimosa Roameriana of Scheele ; but that blundering and unscrupulous propounder of species had not seen the legumes, and his description applies nearlyas well to any other Schrankia. To the latter genus, so long as it is maintained, the present species must be referred, notwithstanding the flatness of the pod.
385. Desmanthus velutinus (Scheele in Linncea, I. c.) : adscendens v. prostratus e basi suffrutescente ; caulibus petio- lisque pube mollissima cinereis; pinnis 3-6-jugis, glandula parva concava inter infimas ; foliolis 10-20-jugis lineari- oblongis aveniis margine praesertim pilosis ; floribus decan-
■
ve] ovali-oblongis mucronalis; panicula racemosa laxa; floribus 5-meris 10-andris; legumine lato-lineari longiuscule stipitato membranaceo glabro nitido inermi 6-8- spermo. — On the Rio Grande, Texas, Mr. Charles Wright. August, September, in flower and fruit. Also gathered near Monterey, Northern Mexico, hy Dr. Gregg and Dr. Edwards, without fruit; and east of Rinconada by Dr. Gregg in 1848. — Plant with the habit of a Schrankia, canescent with a fine and very soft down ; the partial and general petioles as well as the stem beset with numerous short uncinate prickles. Leaflets 3 to 5 lines long. Flowers white, according to Mr. Wright, yellowish according to Dr. Gregg. Legume two inches or more in length, with a stipe half an inch long, very smooth.
184 PlanUt Lindheimeriana.
dris ; leguminibus linearibus elongatis rectis v. rectiusculis acuminatis lasvibus 10 -20-spermis ; seminibus rhombeo- orbiculatis. — Rocky soil, and on grassy slopes, near New Braunfels. August, chiefly in fruit. Also near Austin, Mr. Charles Wright. — A well marked species, which Scheele has described from some of the rather imperfect fruiting specimens gathered by Lindheimer in 1846, in which the legumes are sometimes only an inch and a half long, and a little falcate. But in better specimens, particularly in those of 1847, the pods are straight, from two to three inches long, often 20-seeded. The seeds are not obovate-elliptical, but roundish-obovate, or somewhat rhombic by mutual pressure. It is distinguished from all the species I am acquainted with by its downy stems and minute gland ; from D. depresses by its pointed pods. — D. depressus, Kunth, is common at Key West and Cape Florida, and occasionally comes from Texas. There, however, a more common species is the allied D. acuminatus, Benth. in Jour. Bot. 4, p. 357, which is readily known by its shorter, falcate, and pointed pods. In culti- vation it is prostrate. D. reticulatus, Bcnth., has also been received from Mr. Wright.
3S6. D. brachylobus, Benth. Mimoscce, in Jour. Bot. 4. p. 358. D. falcatus, Scheele in Linnaa, 21, p. 455. Wet soil near Comale Creek, &c. May, in flower; August, in fruit. This does not grow in dry, rocky soil, nor the forego- ing in wet places, as is stated by Scheele, who has evidently transposed the tickets of these two plants.
387. Acacia Rcemeriana, Scheele in Linntea, 21. p. 456. Rocky soil, near San Antonio, and from New Braunfels to the Guadaloupe. April, in flower ; June, in fruit (605). — This would appear to be the Acacia Roemeriana of Scheele, said to have been gathered near Austin by Mr. Romer, except that the flowers are " yellowish-white " (Lindh.) instead of rose-color, and the leaves usually bear three pairs of pinnae. The leaflets, 4 to 5 lines long, are membranaceous in the flow- ering specimens, but firmer in those in fruit. The species be-
Plantce Lindheimeriance. 185
longs to Bentharn's section Vulgares, and subsection Pennatce. The legume is coriaceo-chartaceous, continuous within, flat, linear-oblong or oblong, somewhat falcate, 2| to 4 inches long, an inch or less in width, raised on a short stipe. Seeds oval, flat, brown. It is said to be a shrub, or small tree, with the stem one or two inches thick. There are specimens of it in Dr. Gregg's North Mexican collection. Another' Acacia of the latter collection, marked by Mr. Bentham A. (Ataxa- cctnthece) n. sp., not unlike the above in foliage and fruit, but with a different inflorescence, was found by Mr. Wright from San Antonio to the Rio Grande.1
(604.) Same as the foregoing, with larger leaflets ; in flower only.
(605.) These are fine fruiting specimens, which I refer to A. Rcemeriana, and to them alone the remarks above, as respects the legumes, refer.
ROSACEA.
388. Prunus minutiflora (Engelm. ined.) : nana, intri- cato-ramosissima, glabra, ramulis novellis vix puberulis ; foliis parvis ovalibus obovatisve obtusissimis integerrimis aut obso- lete parceque denticulatis ; floribus solitariis subsessilibus minimis 10- 15-andris; calyce turbinato ; fructu immaturo subgloboso cano-tomentoso. — Hills and dry slopes between San Antonio and New Braunfels, in large clusters. Maich, in flower ; the unripe fruit (4 lines in diameter) gathered at the end of May. — Shrubs one or two feet high, forming dense masses. Leaves from 3 to 5 lines long, on short, gland- less petioles, fascicled, coriaceous, smooth, entire, sometimes tridenticulate or with one or two obscure lateral denticula- tions, which are at first somewhat glandular. Stipules very minute. Flowers solitary, a line and a half in length ; the peduncle shorter than the calyx. " Stamens 10 to 15, in two
1 Among Dr. Gregg's plants I find well-marked specimens of A. amentacea, DC, a species uot identified by Mr. Bentham. It was gathered, in flower, near Rin- conada.
186 Plantce Lindheimer ian<z.
or three circles, the innermost partially abortive." Engelm. — Closely allied to the Amygdalus microphylla, H. B. K., and very likely to prove a variety of it, judging from the fragment of that plant which I possess from Schlechtendal. These, with P. glandulosa, belong to the subgenus Microcerasus, Webb, characterized by Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. Ser. 19. p. 125; a group "intermediate between the true Cerasi and Prunus [but referred by these authors to the former] and also nearly allied to some Amygdali." It embraces Cerasus pros- tata, C. orientalis, and some other oriental species.
389. P. rivularis, Scheele in Linncea 21. p. 594. P. Tawakonia, Lindheimer, Mss. (which name was doubtless appended to the specimen received by Scheele.) Banks of streams and margins of bottom-woods, forming thickets near the water, rarely on higher places, Upper Guadaloupe, and between Comale Creek and the Colorado. March, in flower; June, in fruit. " Shrub from two to six feet high. Fruit ripe in June, of the size of a cherry, or a little larger, acidu- lated, cherry-red. The Tawakony Indians boil them and eat them with honey. Called Tawakony Plum.'''' Lindheimer. — The same plant extends northward into Missouri, and passes, if I mistake not, into an evident form of Prunus Americana,
or P. nigra, if the two species are to be distinguished. P.
Texana, Scheele, I. c. gathered at New Braunfels, by Mr. R6-
mer, is probably the same species.
| Cerasus serotina, DC; Torr. 8f Gray, Fl. 1. p. 410.
On the Pierdenales. April, in flower. A tree or a large shrub. (608.) Rosa foliolosa, Nutt. in Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 1. p.
460. Hills of the Sabinas and Three Creeks. May. —
Stems less than a foot high, from a creeping rootstock.
" Flower very fragrant."
f Cratjegus coccinea var. ? mollis, Torr. &f Gray, Fl. 1.
p. 465. C. mollis, Scheele in Linncea, 21. p. 569. Muskit
flats near San Antonio. March, in flower. — If this be
admitted to rank as a species, it must bear, I believe, the
name of C. subvillosa, Schrad.
Planta Lindheimeria?i<s. 187
ELATINACE.E.
390. Elatine (Merimea seu Bergia) Texana, Hook. 1c. PL t. 278; Torr. fy Gray, Fl. 1. p. 678. E. (Bergella) Texana, Gray, Gen. 111. 1. p. 218. t. 96. In slow flowing rivulets, New Braunfels. August. — This is a pentamerous and decandrous or sometimes pentandrous Elatine, with the aspect of Bergia, for which, in the work above cited, I have indicated a distinct section.
LYTHRACELE
f Lythrum alatum var. ovalifolium: humile ; foliis sub- orbiculatis et ovalibus, floralibus oblongis calyce brevioribus. L. ovalifolium, Englm. Mss. Springs of the Pierdenales, on rocks covered by water. October. — Stems a foot high, from long and creeping stolons. Leaves one third of an inch long. This evidently runs into the next.
(609.) L. alatum, var. pumilum: foliis ellipticis oblongisve, caulibus spithamaeis. Rocks partly covered with water, in Sister Creek. April. — Mixed with this in the distribution are a few fruiting specimens of
j- L. alatum, var. breviflorum : glabrum, ramosissi- mum ; ramulis angulatis ; foliis linearibus plerisque alternis, floralibus, flores approximates 6-petalos 6-andros subaequanti- bus ; calyce fructifero campanulato seu brevissime clavato subpedicellato ; stylo incluso vel breviter exserto. — Damp rocks on the Guadaloupe, near running water. The speci- men is the branching summit of an apparently rather tall stem, which has lost its lower leaves. The floral leaves are only from one to three lines long ; the flowers are so approxi- mated as at length to form a virgate spike. The calyx even in fruit is barely a line and a half in length. Petals purple, small, those of the later flowers minute or wanting. The style is shorter than the petals, often included, or barely equal- ling the stamens ; but the specimen, perhaps, belongs to a stamineal form. Vide PL Lindh. p. 8. No. 52.
188 Plantce Lindheimeriance.
(610.) L. alatum, var. (lanceolatum), Torr. &/• Gray, Fl. 1. p. 481. L.