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United States National Museum
Bulletin 216
Ichneumon-Flies of America North of Mexico:
1. Subfamily Metopiinae
By HENRY and MARJORIE TOWNES
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION ¢ WASHINGTON, D.C. ¢ 1959
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1959
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. O. - Price $1.25 (paper)
Contents
Bibliography Terminology Counts and measurements
Pear EMaTL Vis VLC COMIN ACS sec ets le tys.a aes Saher ae carne cet ae SISA RUE est cate ees
Biology and distribution Key to the genera of Metopiinae PE CLENUSW SCALA OINELO DUS ere eee BMG ENUS A Cer Alas pis s-\a eter oo eed oso Gens | ChOTUNAeUSt a ee ee ee ee ee Genuselinceces ctype eee GenuseHemimete pis eee ae ae eee BRCEIUIS VICLO PINES 3-1: ces BAe Meh ed cae che ect 8 MCG CRUST ETC EStULS MEN, iti tian ern napa arse ake: hy ate eae Genus: Colpotrochtdnee eis nee ee eee Pa CUDUS ME WATEMUS ieee vee ec ee ny eee ae UG ENUS HET 10 Pesercein ane intr tek EN eee oa: Gens SPUCIeUuse hot a Petes ek oe
Figures Indices
—_
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107 127 135 136 138 142 145 147 150 154 158 160 167 169 170 268 303
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Ichneumon-Flies of America North of Mexico
Henry and Marjorie Townes
Introduction
THIS SERIES OF TAXONOMIC monographs on the ichneumon flies of America North of Mexico, is being prepared under a project sup- ported by the Dow Chemical Company, the University of Michigan, and the National Science Foundation.
The basic financial support for this work has come from the Dow Chemical Company. The University of Michigan has given working space and facilities, and a grant from the National Science Founda- tion has met such costs as travel, typing, and the preparation of figures. We are grateful for the opportunity thus provided for carrying the work forward.
Numerous colleagues and the collectors of earlier generations have accumulated a mass of material which has made a reasonably com- plete record of our fauna possible. Some of the more important collections were made by C. F. Baker in Colorado and elsewhere; Nathan Banks in Virginia and Massachusetts; P. P. Babiy at Ithaca, N. Y.; G. E. Bohart and R. M. Bohart in California and Utah; J. C. Bradley in British Columbia, California, and New York; Frank De Gant in Ohio; R. R. Dreisbach in Michigan and other States; P. W. Fattig in Georgia; H. R. Foxlee at Robson, B. C.; R. M. Fouts in the vicinity of the District of Columbia; J. N. Knull in Ohio and elsewhere; W. R. M. Mason in Canada, particularly in the far north; A. L. Melander in the northwestern States; C. E. Mickel in Minne- sota; J. G. Rempel in Saskatchewan; H. C. Severin in South Dakota; A. T. Slosson on Mount Washington, N. H.; H. H. Smith in Alabama and Pennsylvania; E. H. Strickland in Alberta; David Townes in Arizona, California, Colorado, and Alaska; George Townes in Cali- fornia, Colorado, and South Carolina; E. P. Van Duzee near Buffalo, N. Y.; and G. S. Walley in Canada. The names of some of the many other collectors appear in the statements on the distribution of the various species. The combined efforts of these collectors, together
v
VI INTRODUCTION
with our own, have furnished the raw data for this study and for the papers to follow on other parts of the family. Part of our own col- lecting, that in Arizona, California, and Colorado in 1947 and 1948, was supported by grants from the American Philosophical Society.
The curators of North American collections have been uniformly helpful in making the material under their care available, and we wish to express our thanks to them. Miss Luella Walkley of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Mr. J. F. Perkins of the British Museum (Natural History) have, on several occasions, supplied tech- nical information which was needed in the course of the study. The drawings of generic characters were made by Mr. M. Tsujita and those of specific characters mostly by Miss Y. Morimoto, under the direction of Dr. M. Tokunaga of Kyoto, Japan. The habitus draw- ings of two typical Metopiinae (figure 163) are by Miss M. McKay of the Division of Entomology, Canadian Department of Agriculture, and kindly lent to us for inclusion in this publication. The maps showing the distribution of the species were prepared by Mrs. Rae Stauffer. The manuscript was typed by Mrs. Stauffer and by Mr. Duwane Barnes.
Materials Studied
An effort has been made to study the material in all of the large North American collections, and since the curators contacted were obliging in the loan of material, this has largely been accomplished. The ichneumonid collections studied are listed below.
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
American Museum, New York, New York
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California
Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Ontario
Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
Dreisbach Collection, Midland, Michigan
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
Oregon State College, Corvallis, Oregon
Townes Collection, Ann Arbor, Michigan
U. S. National Museum, Washington, District of Columbia
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
University of California, Berkeley, California
University of California at Davis, Davis, California
University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
INTRODUCTION VII
We have studied all the types of genotypes, and of Nearctic forms, known to be in existence.
Where it is of interest, as in the case of types or unusual specimens, the location of particular specimens has been shown in the text by including (in parentheses) an indication of the collection housing them. For private collections the name of the owner has been used as this indication, but for the public collections the name of the city of the institution. The name of the city is thought to be a more convenient and stable designation in such cases than the name of the institution, as institutional names tend to change, and are usually more complex than city names.
The holotypes belonging to the Townes and Dreisbach collections are being deposited in the U. S. National Museum.
Localities
All localities on the pin labels of specimens studied are listed under each species and, except for indefinite localities like a state or other large area, are spotted on the distribution maps. Localities easy to find in atlases or to be found in the U.S. Postal Guide are listed only by name. The others usually have their counties given. Localities which we could not find are in quotes. Unverified distributional (or host) data in literature are not repeated, as this report is restricted, so far as possible, to first-hand information.
Bibliography
Primary references concerning nomenclature of the Nearctic forms have all been given, but except for the occasional references to the biology, the others have been omitted. The omitted references are believed to be of only historical importance, and if the student is interested in them, all those published prior to 1943 may be found in a recent catalog (Townes, 1945, Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 11).
Terminology
Smith and Shenefelt (1956, Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. Arts, Lett., vol. 44, pp. 168, 200-219) have published diagrams illustrating most of the taxonomic terms commonly used for Ichneumonidae. Their paper will answer most questions on terminology that may arise. Our usage varies from theirs in a few instances as follows: EPOMIA and NOTAULUS are used in place of their ““opomia” and ‘“notaulix’’, as being more generally used terms and more correct from the standpoint of Greek derivation; in regard to notaulus in particular, see Forbes’ remarks (1940, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol. 35, pp. 136-137).
VIII INTRODUCTION
CHEEK is used for the space between the eye and the base of the mandible (‘malar space” of Smith and Shenefelt). TEMPLE is used for the space between the hind margin of the eye and the occipital carina (‘“‘gena” of Smith and Shenefelt). cLaspeEr is the outer lateral piece of the male genitalia (‘‘paramere’”’ of Smith and Shenefelt). The EPIPLEURUM (not in the Smith and Shenefelt diagrams) is the thin free flange attached to the lower margin of an abdominal tergite and usually sharply turned mesad to cover part of the lower side of the abdomen laterally. The orsirT is the part of the head next to the eye. The orbit is divisible into regions, with self-explanatory termi- nology, like frontal orbit, hind orbit, lower hind orbit, etc.
The spelling pleurum, rather than pleuron, is preferred in this paper. Pleurum comes from the Greek ‘‘pleuron’’, meaning side. It is a word similar to notum and sternum, which come from ‘‘noton” and “sternon”’. All three Greek words have the neuter singular ending “on”, which when brought into English may be transliterated as -on or given as the Latin neuter singular ending -wm. It is strange that “noton” and ‘‘sternon’” have come to be spelled notum and sternum in English, while the structure between them, coming from a Greek word with the same ending, is more often spelled pleuron than pleurum. Either the -on or the -wm ending would be linguistically acceptable for any of the three, but since they are for adjacent struc- tures and are often used together, simplicity suggests that the choice of endings should be the same in all three cases.
Counts and Measurements
In counting the abdominal segments, we (like Smith and Shenefelt) start with the first apparent segment rather than with the first morphological segment. The propodeum (the morphological first segment of the abdomen) is included as a part of the thorax, which it is from a functional standpoint.
Heavy use is made of measurements in the keys and descriptions, not because we are fond of them or because they are unusually con- stant, but because they seem to be the most convenient way to express the differences of relative size and proportion which must be relied on for many distinctions. A multitude of drawings would be the only other practical method for showing these differences. In measurements of proportions, like length in relation to width, we have used a microscope with an ocular micrometer for the measure- ments and a slide rule for the computations. The resulting figures express differences that are evident to the practiced eye when com- parison material is available, and need not be checked by measure- ment in such cases, but without comparison material one must usually measure rather exactly with a microscope and ocular microm-
INTRODUCTION IX
eter, and do the necessary arithmetic for getting proportions. Un- educated guesses tend to lead one astray.
The length of a structure is ordinarily measured as its greatest visible length, disregarding parts of it that may be hidden in a socket or articulation. The width or depth is measured at its greatest width or depth, disregarding hairs. The length of the front wing is taken from the free edge of the tegula to the extreme apex of the wing. The length of the first tergite is taken from the center of the insertion of its dorsal (extensor) tendon to its apex. The width of the face is taken at its NARROWEST point between the eyes. The height of the face is measured from the center of the clypeal foveae (—anterior tentorial pits) to the lower margin of the antennal sockets.
The descriptions of the various aspects of the legs are as if they were extended horizontally at right angles to the body. ‘Thus the top and bottom edges and the front and rear faces of a structure like the hind tibia would be different than if it were in the normal position for walking. In order to arrive at a definite and uniform terminology, it seems necessary to imagine the unnatural position of all legs being stretched horizontally at right angles to the body, even if it seems confusing at first, because the natural position of the legs differs be- tween the front, middle, and hind legs, and puts many of the segments in an oblique position.
The wing membrane of most Nearctic Metopiinae is hyaline or almost so, and the wing veins and stigma are fuscous. In Metopwus there are various wing colors, which give good taxonomic characters, so the wing color in Metopius has been described for each species. For all other species it may be assumed to be approximately hyaline with dark veins and stigma, unless described otherwise.
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1. Subfamily Metopiinae
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Subfamily Metopiinae
THE ICHNEUMON FLIES which are the subject of this paper are stout-legged species, with a stout cylindric body, clypeus not separated from face by a groove, scape ovoid (about 1.2 to 1.7 as long as wide), spiracles of first abdominal segment at or in front of its midlength, areolet absent or of the triangular type (though seldom really tri- angular), ovipositor not protruding beyond end of abdomen, and usually the second trochanter of the front and middle legs fused with their femora. Their clypeus and face together form a bulging, convex surface except in the genus Metopius, in which the face has a large, flat or concave, escutcheon-shaped area. The upper margin of the face is produced into a triangular process which extends between or over the bases of the antennal sockets. This latter character occurs, with variations, throughout the subfamily and is its most distinctive single characteristic. The general habitus of the subfamily is illus- trated by the figures of the various genera (figs. 163 to 177).
This subfamily stood taxonomically for many years as three separate tribes in the subfamily Tryphoninae: the Metopiini, the Tylocomnini (or Trachydermatini), and the Exochini. Several authors had noted points of similarity between these tribes, and in 1945 they were grouped together as a single subfamily, separate from the Tryphoninae (Townes, 1945, Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 11, pp. 570-588). A few genera which have been assigned to the Meto- piinae or to the tribes united to form the subfamily, do not fit the above definition of the subfamily. These, which we believe are prop- erly assigned elsewhere, are discussed below.
Hyperacmus disagrees with the Metopiinae in lacking the inter- antennal process of the frons; in having a sharp groove between the clypeus and face, second trochanter of front and middle legs distinct, a different style of carination on propodeum; and in some other, more subtle, characters. Townes (1945, Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc. vol. 11, p. 545) has referred Hyperacmus to the Plectiscinae, next to Microleptes, which appears to be its proper position. The genus Jbornia, referred by its author to the Metopiinae, is a member of the Tryphonini, near Ctenochira.
Thibetoides is a genus of Tryphoninae in the strict sense. It has recently been redescribed and figured by the authors (1949, Trans. Ent. Soc. Amer. vol. 52, p. 418). Catocentrus is a synonym of Mono- blastus, a genus of the Tryphoninae. The genotype of Catocentrus
3
4 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
has been redescribed by the authors (ibid., p. 414). Lethades is a synonym of Trematopygus, a genus of Scolobatinae (see Townes, 1945, Mem. Amer. Ent. Soc. vol. 11, p. 484).
Ischyrocnemis appears to belong in the Scolobatinae and Strongylopsis in the Ephialtini. Heinrich (1949, Mitt. Mimchner Ent. Gesl., vol. 25-29, p. 13) has recently referred Alomya to the Metopiinae, basing his opinion, as he has informed us in conversation, on certain mor- phological resemblances and on the fact that Alomya is like Metopius in its habit of buzzing like a wasp when caught. Alomya is an aber- rant genus whose systematic position has long been a subject of specu- lation, but to us seems to belong near Colpognathus, in the subfamily Ichneumoninae, and to represent an extreme development along the evolutionary line leading through Centeterus, to Colpognathus, to Pseudolomya, Megalomya, and Alomya.
The elimination of the above genera reduces the content of the Metopiinae to a morphologically and biologically cohesive group, recognizable on the characters listed above. Within the subfamily there are several natural groups of genera, to which attention should be called. Pseudometopius, Acerataspis, Chorinaeus, Trieces, and Hemimetopius are related, and differ from other Metopiinae in having the epipleura vestigial, the front and middle tarsal claws pectinate, and the male with six or seven and the female with six well exposed abdominal tergites. These five genera are further divisible into two natural groups as indicated in couplet 3 of the key to genera. Some species of Metopius also have the front and middle tarsal claws pectinate, and Metopius also has seven well exposed tergites in the male and six in the female, but all species of Metopius have well developed epipleura, and the genus appears to be an isolated one. The rest of the subfamily is composed of a loose group of genera, within which is a small distinct subgroup including Triclistus, Cubus, and Colpotrochia. These three genera have a distinctive type of carina between the antennal sockets, a distinctive type of female subgenital plate, and the female abdomen with retracted apical segments. Spudaeus is somewhat similar to these three in the female abdomen and subgenital plate, but does not have the characteristic type of carina between the antennal sockets. The rest of the genera constitute a loose and hardly definable third subgroup, which may be arranged in a series with individual and progressive specialization, leading ultimately to Hxochus as the most specialized genus of the subfamily.
Biology and Distribution
The only information on the biology of the Nearctic species of this subfamily is in the data on hosts and ecology on the pin labels of specimens, some field notes and memories about our own collections,
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 5
and single scraps of published information on four of the species. There have been no detailed biological studies. Piecing together the available information, some general conclusions about the biology of the group may be developed. Though presentation of such generali- zations is at the risk of glossing over a profound ignorance, they are given for what they may be worth as starting points for future investi- gators.
The Metopiinae are all parasitic on Lepidoptera. There are a few records of other hosts, but these need verification. Oviposition is into the host larva, apparently a considerable time prior to pupation, but emergence is always from the pupa. At its pupation the parasite larva spins a few strands of silk to form a flimsy cocoon within the host pupa. Emergence is by cutting off the front end of the host pupa as a cap-like lid. A single adult develops in each host.
Seasonal records of capture show that a few species have a single generation in the spring or fall, but many are on the wing from late spring to early fall and apparently have at least two generations a year. Overwintering is always within the host pupa.
The kinds of Lepidoptera that serve as host are correlated with the size and habitat of the adult ichneumon-fly. Large species like Metopius parasitize larger Lepidoptera, but most of the species of Metopiinae are small, and their usual hosts are among the pyraloids and tortricoids. Lepidoptera which live next to the soil or pupate deep in it, or spin tough cocoons, or live in tunnels—these do not seem to serve as hosts; but exposed larvae and larvae in leaf rolls or leaf folds are commonly attacked. A single species of parasite usually may be reared from a number cf hosts that occur within its habitat and size range. There are doubtless some cases of restricted host specificity, but the rearing records at hand do not prove any.
The larval morphology of the subfamily is known only through ilustrations of the mouthparts of Metopius and of Triclistus, published by Beirne (1941, Trans. Soc. Brit. Ent., vol. 7, pp. 160-162).
We have the impression that the metopiines locate their hosts mainly by flying, hovering just to leeward of the hosts and finding them by smell, rather than by crawling over vegetation and exploring with their antennae as do the Gelinae and Ichneumoninae.
Mating has never been observed in the field. Sometimes loose groups of males have been found hovering around a bush or the ends of a branch, just under the tips of the leaves. Possibly they were in a primitive sort of mating swarm and waiting for females to appear. This habit has been seen in several species of Exxochus, in Colpotrochia crassipes, and in Metopius krombeini krombeini.
Many of the metopiines frequent more open, drier habitats than the majority of ichneumonids. This is particularly true of Metopius,
6 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Trieces, and Chorinaeus. Ezxochus, Triclistus, and Colpotrochia, how- ever, seem to be mostly in forests, and the pictus, montivagus, and tibialis species groups of Hxochus are mostly in damp forests.
The subfamily is generally distributed through the world, from the arctic to the tropics, in dry and in wet climates, and in all the larger faunas., All the larger genera (Chorinaeus, Trieces, Metopius, Tri- clistus, Colpotrochia, Hypsicera, and Exochus) are essentially world- wide, though Hypsicera is represented in the Neotropics by only two introduced species. The smaller genera also tend to have a wide range. All but three of the known genera and three of the subgenera occur in the Nearctic Region, a fact which has prompted the inclusion of the missing ones in this revision, to make the generic and sub- generic treatment worldwide in scope.
Key to the genera of Metopiinae
1. Face occupied largely by a flat or concave escutcheon-shaped area bounded by a carina (figs. 166,b—169,b); middle tibia with one spur. Worldwide.
6. Metopius (p. 59)
Face entirely convex; middle tibia with two spurs except in male of
Acerataspis. . . 2
2. Epipleura of third to ‘fifth Adamant ees apeeeatly sesent icopresemted
by narrow, inconspicuous vestiges); front and middle tarsal claws con-
spicuously pectinate. . . . 3 Epipleura of third to fifth feamiten yell develoned feat aad middle farce claws usually apparently simple. . .. . wal ial kets. Raetdl
3. Areolet present; interantennal process of fee ieee a high semicircular flange between antennal sockets; second abdominal tergite with a pair of median longitudinal carinae; seventh tergite of male retracted; hind tarsal claws conspicuously pectinate; front wing 7to 10 mm. long... 4
Areolet absent; interantennal process of face forming a triangular projection in front of antennal sockets, but not a high flange between them; second abdominal tergite with a median longitudinal carina (except in the Euro- pean Chorinaeus talpa) and often also with sublateral longitudinal carinae; seventh tergite of male exposed; hind tarsal claws apparently simple; front wing 2.6to 7mm.long.. . 5
4. Abdomen parallel-sided, the fifth at sou sousnaais ae sis anne one preceding segments, and the apex of the sixth segment not specialized (fig. 164,a); middle tibia of male with two spurs. Eastern Nearctic and eastern Palaearctic. .. . . . . . . Ll. Pseudometopius (p. 8)
Abdomen clavate, the fifth and se) segments much wider than the preceding segments, the apex of the sixth segment subspherically rounded (fig. 164,b) ; middle tibia of male with one spur. Oriental. . 2. Acerataspis (p. 11)
5. Scutellum quadrate, its lateral carina strong and produced apically into a prominent tooth; abdomen clavate, progressively enlarged from its base to the fourth and fifth segments; posterior mesosternal carina complete, not interrupted in front of each middle coxa. Ethiopian.
5. Hemimetopius (p. 59)
Scutellum parabolic in outline, its lateral carina low, rarely produced apically as a small tooth; abdomen parallel-sided; posterior mesosternal carina interrupted! in front of each middlevcoxa . = 9s). ee cee cme 2 8 0
10.
tt,
12.
13.
14.
15.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE i
. Upper edge of pronotum paralleled by a broad, shallow, submarginal groove
(fig. 165,a) ; sublateral longitudinal carina of abdomen extending at most to basal third of second tergite, entirely absent from third tergite (fig. 165,a); mesopleural suture present. Worldwide____-----_- 3. Chorinaeus (p. 12) Upper edge of pronotum without a distinct submarginal groove (fig. 165,b); sublateral longitudinal carina of abdomen extending the entire length of second tergite (except in Trieces teres), present also on third tergite, at least basally (except in T'rieces teres) (fig. 165,b); mesopleural suture absent. WO rlGiwlG Clee Sa ete Doe eo ee eS 4. Trieces (p. 34)
. Hind tibia with one apical spur; flagellum enlarged beyond the middle
(weakly clavate, fig. 172). Holarctic . ... . . . 10. Periope (p. 136) Hind tibia with two apical spurs; flagellum not enlarged beyond the middle. 8
. Antennal sockets separated by a high lamella, the lamella with a deep median
groove dorsally (just below median ocellus). ..... Pee ee) Antennal sockets not separated by a high lamella, or when a igmnetien is present it does not have a median groove. . . See eas ull
. Propleurum somewhat cubical in shape, peer sya ke ihe front coxa
(fig. 170,b); head in profile concave between hind ocellus and occipital
carina. Neotropic. ... : . . . 9. Cubus (p. 135) Propleurum not cubical, ene convex Gan 170, a; 171,a); head in profile flat or convex between hind ocellus and occipital carina. . . . .. =. 10
First abdominal segment broad basally, its spiracle near its basal 0.25, its sternite extending about 0.2 its length; propodeum with distinct dorsal and posterodorsal faces (fig. 170,a); head somewhat cubical; edge of inter- antennal lamella arcuate in profile. Worldwide. . 7. Triclistus (p. 107)
First abdominal segment narrow basally, its spiracle near its basal 0.37 to 0.5, its sternite extending 0.3 to 0.5 its length; propodeum without distinct dorsal and posterodorsal faces, these blending in an even curve (fig. 171,a) ; head lenticular; edge of interantennal lamella angulate in profile. World-
WIGGren ich ts fa ten ay oe ctigicl ste Bsus ous os Jc Olpotrochia’ (p. 127) rcletwmiresen Gece eet res eaal Be ele pe ay uaa tne | age lee Areolet absent. .... bie Sdesiame sh rem a)
Occipital carina entirely “Seance Soropedeal neha pore Holarctic and New Zealand.
16. Carria (p. 154)
Occipital carina present; propodeal spiracle elongate ......... 13
Epipleurum of second abdominal segment large, conspicuous, at least 0.3 as
wide as its tergite (fig. 179,a); spiracle of first tergite just above lateral
carina. Nearctic and Indo-Australian. . . . . 15. Seticornuta (p. 150) Epipleurum of second abdominal segment narrow, inconspicuous; spiracle of first tergite just below lateral carina . . . DN ecce an te A
Metapleurum with hairs over its entire surface; apicdee ogee sixth tergite of female mostly retracted into fifth; front wing 9.0 to 11.5 mm. long. Holarctic ... <.; . .. .. Il. Spudaeus (p. 138)
Metapleurum noun hearse not aaies ent but distinct; sixth tergite of female projecting distinctly beyond the fifth; front wing 5.0 to 6.7 mm. long::~ New World’. 2°. ". *: . . . . 14. Leurus (p. 147)
Second abdominal tergite with a medina etn of longitudinal carinae, at least at its base (figs. 173,a and 176,b); second recurrent vein meeting cubitus almost at the intercubitus, the second abcissa of cubitus being less than 0.25 the length of intercubitus; metapleurum densely hairy all over; PSTELEMEUA ORG OL hed ey DU ee cic og ilon dior cauestcy Voges hoe a tw nn 451582—59 2
8 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Second abdominal tergite without median longitudinal carinae; second re- current vein meeting cubitus considerably before the intercubitus, the second abcissa of cubitus being more than 0.3 as long as intercubitus; metapleurum usually bare or with only a few hairs; temple rather long . 17
16. First abdominal tergite in profile evenly convex (fig. 176,b); epipleura of fifth and sixth abdominal segments weakly or indistinctly separated from their tergites; subtegular ridge rounded, in rear view with an excavation that makes it appear to be folded over. Nearctic.
12. Bothromus (p. 142)
First abdominal tergite in profile pyramidal (fig. 173,a); epipleura of fifth and sixth abdominal segments sharply separated and sharply folded under; subtegular ridge sharp, without an appearance of being folded over. Old Wiorldraeias) eer . . . . 13. Drepanoctonus (p. 145)
17. Interantennal eens a face pearaed from face by a prominent transverse carina (fig. 177,a); lower half of propleurum subspherically swollen (fig.
177,a). Holarctic and Oriental . .... . . 19. Stethoncus (p. 167) Interantennal process of face not separated from face by a carina (figs. 175; AGeaetieDy vcs tans Ce aS
18. Back of head vertical Bebmd nongeeine peel Ge 176, De aneed in predic sloping forward to its upper margin; spurs of middle tibia of approximately equal length. Worldwide .... . .. . . 18. Hypsicera (p. 160)
Back of head sloping from posterior Geells to the level of the occipital carina, thence approximately vertical tothe foramenmagnum. ....... 19
19. Epipleurum of third tergite very narrow, about as wide as the flagellum; cheek about 0.8 as long as the mouth opening is wide (fig. 175,a); spurs of middle tibia of approximately equal length. Nearctic.
17. Macromalon (p.158)
Epipleurum of third tergite well developed, about 0.25 to 0.7 as wide as its tergite; cheek not more than 0.5 as long as the mouth opening is wide; spurs of middle tibia unequal in length ..... or Fe per 20),
20. Front spur of middle tibia longer than hind spur of middle tibia; median longitudinal carinae of propodeum approximate or fused medeaine re- sulting in the basal area and areola being well separated (fig. 175,b); interantennal process of face weakly notched at apex (fig. 175,b). Nearctic.
20. Synosis (p. 169)
Front spur of middle tibia shorter than hind spur of middle tibia (except in one Australian species); median longitudinal carinae of propodeum, when present, not approximate or fused medially (fig. 188,a-k); interantennal process of face nearly always pointed medially (fig. 179,g-0). Worldwide. 21. Exochus (p. 170)
1. Genus Pseudometopius Figure 164,a
Pseudometopius Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 202. Type: Metopius hagenii Cresson; monobasic.
Tylocomnoides Uchida, 1940, Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 16, p. 178. Type: Tylocomnoides egawai Uchida; original designation.
Odontotylocomnus Uchida, 1940, Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 16, p. 179. Type: Odontotylocomnus pilosus Uchida; original designation.
Front wing 8 to 10.5 mm. long; body punctation rather strong; face and clypeus weakly convex, with surface irregularities; face con-
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 9
tinued dorsally between antennal sockets as a narrowly triangular process which becomes a lamella at its dorsal end, the process reaching about 0.4 the distance to median ocellus; temple moderately long, convex; occipital carina absent or complete; cheek about 0.4 as long as basal width of mandible; upper margin of pronotum not swollen or specialized, with an indistinct submarginal impression; propleurum moderately convex; scutellum large, a little transverse, with lateral flanges that reach its apex; areolet present, large; nervulus beyond basal vein by 0.18 to 0.35 its length; nervellus broken between its lower 0.35 and upper 0.4; prepectal carina as shown in figure 164,qa; sternaulus represented by a rather strong, broad groove; metapleurum completely covered with rather coarse close punctures; propodeal carinae as in figure 164,a; propodeal spiracle short elliptic; suture between second trochanter and femur of front and middle legs dis- tinctly indicated; tibial spurs all present, the spurs of middle tibia of equal length or the front spur a little longer; all tarsal claws with long pectination; abdomen parallel-sided, strongly convex; first tergite short and stout, its spiracle at its basal 0.25, its lateral longitudinal carina absent, its median longitudinal carinae extending usually to apex; second and third tergites and more or less of fourth tergite some- times with a pair of median longitudinal carinae; epipleura vestigial, narrow and thick; seventh and following tergites retracted in both sexes; sixth sternite of female rectangular, unspecialized.
There are three known species, one in eastern North America and twoinJapan. The three species are widely different from one another, and Uchida has erected a genus for each of the Japanese species, as noted in the generic synonymy. The generic description is based only on P. hagenii and P. pilosus.
Pseudometopius hagenii (Cresson) Ficure 164,a
Metopius Hagenii Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 168; 2. Type: 2, Dallas Co., Tex. (Cambridge).
Front wing 9 to 10 mm. long. Face with broad weak irregularities and close punctures of various sizes; occipital carina complete; man- dible rather broad, unspecialized, its apical teeth of equal size; flagel- lum long and slender; thorax with close punctures that are rather small but strong; spurs of middle tibia of equal length; nervellus broken near its upper 0.45; abdomen with coarse strong punctures, its second and third tergites and more or less of fourth tergite with a pair of median longitudinal carinae.
10 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Ficure 1.—Localities for Pseu- dometopius hagenii.
Black. Face and clypeus (except in male for a small ventromedian spot and spot on clypeal fovea, and except in female for a broad median stripe from clypeal margin to base of interantennal process and the dorsolateral corner of face), narrow frontal orbits on lower 0.6 of frons of female, broad and complete frontal orbits in male, cheek, mouth parts, spot on front of scape, spot on upper part of prepectus (in male connected with subtegular ridge), subtegular ridge, front and outer part of tegula, hind part of scutellum, apical part of front and middle coxae of male, front and middle trochanters of male, apical margin of front and middle trochanters of female, second trochanter of hind leg of male, front and middle femora of male in front and apically, front and middle femora of female apically, front and middle tibiae except from dark brown area below, and hind tibia on its basal half with an extension on upper edge to near apex, white; tegula brown except where described as white; wing membrane subhyaline to weakly infuscate; tibial spurs whitish; front and middle tarsi whitish, each segment light brown apically; first segment of hind tarsus mostly whitish, its apex blackish; second to fifth segments of hind tarsus fuscous, a little paler basally.
Specimens: o’, New Haven, Conn., May 30, 1911, A. B. Champlain (Washington). o, 9, Baldwin City, Kans., May, J. C. Bridwell (Washington). co, Amherst, Mass., May 1936, R. B. Peckham (Wash- ington). o, Lynn, Mass., Aug. 1908 (Townes). o, Mass. (Phila- delphia). o, East Lansing, Mich., June 3, 1895 (Philadelphia). 9, Davis, Okla., Apr. 30, 1936 (Ottawa). 9, Brazos Co., Tex., April. 9, 1941, R. W. Strandtmann (Townes). 9 (type) Dallas Co., Tex. (Cambridge). 2 9, Texas, Belfrage Collection (Washington). <, 39, Texas (Philadelphia and Washington).
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE {el
This species ranges from the Atlantic to Texas, in the Transition and Upper Austral zones. Most of the specimens were collected in spring.
2. Genus Acerataspis
Fiaure 164,b
Cerataspis Uchida, 1934, Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 13, p. 275; name preoccupied by Gray, 1828. Type: Cerataspis clavata Uchida; original designation.
Acerataspis Uchida, 1934, Ins. Matsumurana, vol. 9, p. 23; new name for Cera- taspis.
Front wing 7 to 9 mm. long; punctation rather strong; face and clypeus evenly, moderately convex; face continued dorsally as a nar- row, high triangular process extending 0.7 the distance to median ocellus, the process a thin lamella subdorsally, expanded a little on its dorsal edge and its dorsal edge with a deep groove; temple very short, mostly flat; occipital carina complete; cheek about 0.4 as long as basal width of mandible; mandible moderately narrow, unspecialized, its upper tooth a little larger than lower tooth; flagellum long and slender; upper margin of pronotum rather obliquely thickened and a little flat- tened submarginally; propleurum moderately convex; scutellum short, transverse, prolonged lateroapically as a tooth, its lateral carina running to the apex; areolet large; nervulus opposite basal vein or a little beyond it; nervellus broken near its lower 0.4; prepectal carina as in the figure; sternaulus a broad impression; metapleurum com- pletely covered with fine setiferous punctures; propodeal carinae as in the figure; propodeal spiracle short oval; suture between second tro chanter and femur of front and middle legs faintly indicated on lower side; middle tibia with a single slender spur in male, with two slender spurs in female, the front spur of female middle tibia about 1.1 as long as hind spur; hind tibia with two spurs; all tarsal claws with long pectination; abdomen strongly convex, clavate, its apex rounded with the sixth tergite rounded and turned under; first tergite moderately short, its spiracle near its basal 0.25, its lateral carina absent or weakly indicated ; first three tergites with a pair of median longitudinal carinae from base to apex; epipleura vestigial, narrow and thick; seventh and following segments retracted; sixth sternite of female a transverse, unspecialized plate.
This genus contains a small number of species in the Oriental region. Metopius fusiformis Morley 1913, should be referred to this genus (new combination). We have specimens from Java and the Moluccas which agree exactly with Morley’s type, and an undescribed subspecies of A. fusiformis from the Philippines.
12 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
3. Genus Chorinaeus Ficures 163,a; 165,a
Chorinaeus Holmgren, 1856, Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl., ser. 4, vol. 1, p 305, 320. Type: Exochus funebris Gravenhorst; designated by Viereck, 1914.
Polyrhabdus Walsh, 1873, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, vol. 3, p. 98. Type: (Polyrhabdus cariniger Walsh) =funebris carinatus (Cresson) ; monobasic.
Front wing 3 to 7 mm. long; body punctation rather coarse; face and clypeus with an even, moderately strong convexity, the face produced upward over bases of antennae as a triangular flange whose apical angle is about 90°; frons without a lamella between antennal sockets; temple short, convex; occipital carina present above and laterally, absent below; mandible of moderate size, not specialized, its lower tooth a little smaller than or definitely smaller than upper tooth; flagellum slender, moderately long to long; upper margin of pronotum widened, with a broad, weak, submarginal impression; propleurum moderately convex; scutellum parabolic in outline, almost flat, its lateral carina sharp and extending to its apex; areolet absent; nervulus beyond basal vein by about 0.2 to 0.35 its length; nervellus broken near its lower 0.35; prepectal carina as in figure 165,a; sternaulus a short, weak depression next to prepectal carina; mesopleural suture distinct, usually sharp; metapleurum with hairs in the upper part, elsewhere mostly or quite bare; propodeal carina as in figures 163,a and 165,a, the costula usually absent though occasionally more or less distinct (the costula appears sporadically in specimens of several species and seems to be taxonomically of little value); propodeal spiracle short elliptic; suture between second trochanter and femur of front and middle legs distinct, though weak; tibial spurs all present; front spur of middle tibia 0.60 to 1.0 as long as hind spur of middle tibia; claws of front and middle tarsi strongly pectinate, of hind tarsus apparently simple; abdomen strongly convex above, parallel-sided; first tergite moderately long, its spiracle near its basal 0.25, its lateral and median longitudinal carinae strong from base to apex; second tergite with a median longitudinal carina extending its entire length and a sublateral longitudinal carina extending about 0.4 its length; third tergite with a median longitudinal carina extending about 0.7 its length; epipleura vestigial, narrow and thick; eighth and following tergites of male retracted; seventh and following tergites of female retracted; sixth sternite of female large, weakly sclerotized, unspe- clalized.
The European Chorinaeus talpa (Halliday) 1839 lacks the carinae on the second and third tergites but is otherwise typical of the genus.
The coloration in the genus is rather uniform, usually black with yellow face, mouth parts, cheek, basal part of tegula, apex of femora, basal 0.2 of tibiae and some other, usually more vague, leg markings,
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 13
pale yellow. The legs are mostly fulvous or ferruginous with the hind coxa frequently blackish. The wings of all Nearctic species are hyaline with the stigma and veins dark, but the veins at the wing bases yellow. Variation in details of head and leg coloration give specific characters.
This genus is worldwide, but with only a moderate number of species. There are ten in the Nearctic region. Adults occur in rather open, dry situations, usually among shrubs or low trees.
Most species of Chorinaeus are difficult to distinguish, requiring careful consideration of some rather small and variable specific dif- ferences. Possibly not all of the species in the material studied have been recognized and adequately characterized, but a better treatment probably must wait for better study series. We have a residue of 11 Nearctic specimens not assigned to any species, and though the major- ity belong probably to Chorinaeus funebris, there may be some addi- tional new species among them.
Key to the Nearctic species of Chorinaeus
MALES
(The males of emorsus and labiosus are unknown.)
1. Pronotum with small setiferous punctures from its dorsal margin down almost to its trough; longitudinal carinae of first tergite that are just above and below the spiracle meeting apically in about a 25° angle; propodeal spiracle usually nearer lateral carina than pleural carina; front wing 4.5 to 7.0 mm. long; hind coxa black, paler apically. . . . . . Ll. longicalear Thomson
Pronotum with small setiferous punctures from its dorsal margin down about 0.66 the distance to its trough; longitudinal carinae of first tergite just above and below the spiracle meeting apically in about a 45° angle; propodeal spiracle not nearer lateral carina than Bat carina; front wing 3.0 to 5.5
meouaals LOK 5 eS a ae Sana 2. Apex of penis with 4 os 15 enone euiseles on eh ate Mere hoy eet ee oa Apex of penis without bristles . . . . EOC |
3. Second segment of middle tarsus saa i. 3 as fone as Sucetilae front spur of middle tibia about 1.0 as long as hind spur; apex of penis with 7 to 15 bristles on each side ..... ... . . 2. aequalis, new species
Second segment of middle tarsus aye 2.5 as long as wide; front spur of middle tibia about 0.75 as ane as hind spur; apex of penis with 4 to 6 bristles on each side. . . . 3. excessorius Davis
4. Mandible 1.8 to 2.1 as lousy as An, aE epee roan a very little larger and and longer than its lower tooth; hind coxa largely or entirely blackish . . 5
Mandible 2.1 to 2.2 as long as als, its upper tooth distinctly larger and longer than its lower tooth; hind coxa SA aa to black, usually ful- VOUSIE hs bre eae a0)
5. Flagellum “An peeae 28 centers yellow on Pons Ecterdine upward to a little above center of eye emargination; body punctation moderate.
4. californicus Ashmead
14 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Flagellum with about 36 segments; yellow on frons extending upward to just below center of eye emargination; body punctation rather strong. 5. opacitas Davis 6. Punctures on outer face of mandible rather fine; punctures on central part of face rather fine and weak, their interspaces about equal to their diameter. 8. recurvus, new species Punctures on outer face of mandible coarse; punctures on central part of face moderate, their interspaces about 0.6 their diameter ....... cay 7. Face about 1.2 as high (measured from center of clypeal fova to lower page of antennal socket) as the mouth is wide (measured between bases of mandi- bles); side of frons yellow upwards to center of eye emargination; front wing 3.0 to 3.8mm. long... . . .. . 6. constrictus Davis Face about 0.8 to 1.0 as high as wowge is Weide: frons usually without yellow laterally, but when there is yellow laterally, it usually does not extend up- ward to center of eye emargination; front wing 2.9 to 5.4 mm. long. 7. funebris (Gravenhorst)
FEMALES
1. Pronotum with small punctures from its dorsal margin down almost to its trough; longitudinal carinae of first tergite just above and below the spiracle meeting apically in about a 25° angle; propodeal spiracle usually nearer lateral carina than pleural carina; front wing 4.5 to 7.0 mm. long; face black, yellow next to eye and on the interantennal process (figs. 178,a,b).
1. longicalear Thomson
Pronotum with small punctures from its dorsal margin down about 0.66 the distance to its trough; longitudinal carinae of first tergite just above and below the spiracle meeting apically in about a 45° angle; propodeal spiracle
not nearer lateral carina than pleural carina. .. . eae? Bre ale) ylesateS
2. Upper tooth of mandible about 1.5 times as aes as leat tooth; mandible about 1.85 to 2.0 as long as wide. ... . ; yc 60. Upper tooth of mandible about 3 times as forces as Newee foc: maaacinle about 2.1 to 2.7 as long as wide . . . 5
3. Face blackish medially (fig. 178 ): apeonal Apa an middle “ome sine 1.35 aslongas wide .... ae re . . 5. opacitas Davis Face entirely yellow (figs. 178,d is Bebotid eeeene of middle tarsus about 2:25 vasvlonesastwideyi/. Aeele uss el ee ta cob icant ame irs «:
4. Hind coxa entirely fulvous .. . sii fontcee Pe itdatyles ate ‘3. PRE A Davis Hind coxa blackish, fulvous apically .... . . & californicus Ashmead
5. Apical margin of clypeus strongly concave (fig. 178,]). 10. emorsus, new species Apical margin of clypeus almost straight or faintly concave (figs. 178,c,g,h,j,k) 6 6. Front spur of middle tibia almost exactly as long as hind spur of middle tibia; face entirely yellow (fig. 178,c); side of frons yellow to above center of eye
emargination. .. . 5 . . 2. aequalis, new species Front spur of middle tibia Ae more than 0. 85 as long as hind spur of middle tibia; face usually partly dark (figs. 178 ate Js is sUkise tee yer spe cogicn Heals
ie Glypeus blackish (figs. 178,j,k) . . . . Mier Ped a Ae Pn ie ll Clypeus yellow (figs. 178,g-i). . . 9
8. Face blackish, yellowish next the ete (fig. 178,3); hriaridible sihiapienlly eee strongly incurved. . . . 8. recurvus, new species
Face almost entirely Pollow (Gc. 178 31; meade subapically without an unusually strong curvature. .. . . . . . . 9. labiosus, new species
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 15
9. Yellow on side of frons extending dorsally to a little above center of eye emar- gination (fig. 178,g); face about 0.9 to 1.1 as high (measured from center of clypeal fovea to lower edge of antennal socket) as the mouth is wide (meas- ured between bases of mandibles); front wing 3.0 to 3.8 mm. long.
6. constrictus Davis
Yellow on side of frons absent, or not extending dorsally beyond center of eye emargination (figs. 178,h,i); face about 0.75 to 1.0 as high as the mouth is wide; front wing 2.9 to 5.4mm. long... . . 7. funebris (Gravenhorst)
1. Chorinaeus longicalcar Thomson
Front wing 4.5 to 7.0 mm. long; face about 1.0 as high as mouth is wide in male, about 0.9 as wide in female; median 0.6 of apical margin of clypeus approximately straight; mandible about 1.90 as long as wide in male, about 2.3 as long as wide in female, its upper tooth enlarged (especially in female) and outer face coarsely punctate; flagellum with about 39 segments in male, with about 32 segments in female; punctures on mesopleurum fine, weak, and rather dense; amount of hair on metapleurum varies according to the subspecies; front spur of middle tibia about 0.77 as long as hind spur; second seg- ment of middle tarsus about 2.1 as long as wide in male, about 1.5 as long as wide in female; second tergite without a longitudinal carina just mesad of its spiracle; punctures of second tergite smaller and more evenly dense than in other Nearctic species, not forming well marked longitudinal rugulosities; apex of penis without setae and more bulbous than in other Nearctic species.
Coloration variable, according to the subspecies (which see).
This is the largest Nearctic species of Chorinaeus, and the one with the most slender build and finest sculpture. The extensive puncta- tion of the pronotum, propodeal spiracle usually near the lateral carina, and narrow angle between the lateral carinae of the first tergite, as these characters are described in the key, are unique among the Nearctic species.
This is a Holarctic species, with five subspecies as defined below. It is the earliest species of the season, adults appearing in early spring and disappearing in early summer.
Key to the subspecies of Chorinaeus longicalcar
1. Hind femur fulvous and/or yellow, rarely its front and back blackish. . . . 2
Hind femur black, more or less yellow at the base and apex. . ...... 3
2. Hind tibia of male fulvous, with a dorsal yellowish tinge on its basal 0.2+ ; yel- low orbital line of female very narrow; range: Europe.
la. longicalear longicalear Thomson
Hind tibia of male fulvous to yellow, always with its basal 0.25 yellow, and
usually fulvous with its basal 0.3 and a dorsal stripe yellow; yellow orbital
line of female rather wide (figs. 178,a,b); range: Mostly Alleghenian fauna.
lb. longicalear pleturus Davis
16 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
3. Hind tibia entirely yellow; range: Washington and Oregon. 1d. longicalear flavicrus, new subspecies Hind tibia yellow with the apex more or lessinfuscate. . ........4 4. Apical infuscation of hind tibia forming a complete ring; range: Quebec and Ontario” 2": . . . . Ile. longicalear talaris, new subspecies Apical infuscation aii nerd foe broad below but absent above; range: Berkeley, Calife, “Stato 2 te eee Se. donsrealear siivalis: new subspecies
la. Chorinaeus longicalcar longicalcar Thomson
Chorinaeus longicalcar Thomson, 1887, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 31, p. 201; 9. Type: 9, Schwerin, Germany (? Lund).
Metapleurum with hairs near its coxal socket and in a broad band along the pleural carina extending from apex to somewhat forward of propodeal spiracle.
Male: Black. Face, lower lateral part of frons, cheek, clypeus, mouth parts, scape and pedicel in front, tegula, most of front and middle coxae, front and middle trochanters, much of hind trochanters, front side of front and middle femora, base and more or less of top and other parts of front and middle tibiae, and front and middle tarsi, yellow or yellowish; basal 0.2+ of hind tibia yellowish above; front and middle coxae mostly blackish behind and basally; hind coxa black with the apex yellowish; flagellum brownish beneath.
Female: Black. Interantennal process and inner orbit from level of clypeal fovea to lower corner of frons yellowish, the orbital mark dilated at its upper end but elsewhere quite narrow; mandible fer- ruginous, blackish basally; palpi yellowish brown; flagellum dark brown; tegula brownish ferruginous; legs beyond coxae fulvous; front and middle coxae ferruginous, black basally; hind coxa black, fer- ruginous at apex.
This a European subspecies. The description above is based on two males and a female from Belgium and a female from Holstein.
1b. Chorinaeus longicalcar pleturus Davis FiaureEs 178,a,b
Chorinaeus pleturus Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 211; ?. Type: 9, Agricultural College, Mich. (East Lansing).
Metapleurum with hairs near its coxal socket and in a broad band along pleural carina, extending from apex to somewhat forward of propodeal spiracle.
Male: Black. Face, lower lateral part of frons, front part of cheek, clypeus, mouth parts, scape and pedicel in front, and tegula, yellow; front and middle coxae yellow, basally more or less fulvous or blackish; hind coxa black, yellowish at apex, a little more extensively yellowish below; trochanters yellow; front and middle legs beyond trochanters
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 17
Ficure 2.—Localities for Cho- rinaeus longicalcar pleturus.
yellow, their femora and tibiae, especially the femora behind, more or less fulvous; hind femur fulvous with the base and apex yellow, some- times more extensively yellow and rarely entirely yellow or yellow with the front and back sides largely blackish; hind tibia fulvous, with its basal 0.3 and usually much of the upper side yellow, or rarely the entire tibia yellow; hind tarsus yellowish.
Female: Black. Interantennal process and inner orbit from level of clypeal fovea to lower corner of frons, yellow, the orbital mark rather broad and dilated at its upper end; clypeus with its apical margin usually brownish; clypeus sometimes (especially in early summer specimens) entirely or largely yellow; mandible ferruginous, with the apex darker and base blackish, or particularly in specimens with yellow clypeus, the mandible largely yellow; palpi yellow or yellowish; under side of antenna light brown, the rest darker; scape often yellow beneath; tegula yellow to fulvous; legs beyond coxae ferruginous; front and middle coxae ferruginous, blackish basally; hind coxa black, ferruginous at apex.
Specimens (596, 379): From British Columbia (Kettle Forest) ; California (Gold Lake in Sierra Co. and Sequoia National Park at 7,500 to 9,700 ft.) ; Connecticut (Windsor) ; Maine (Flagstaff) ; Michi- gan (East Lansing, Clare Co., Gladwin Co., Gull Island in Charlevoix Co., Midland Co., and Osceola Co.); Minnesota (Alexandria and Houston Co.); New Hampshire (‘‘“Mastyard’” and Mount Madison) ; New Jersey (Greenwood Lake and Lahaway in Ocean Co.); New York (Southern Adirondack Mts., Bear Mt., Connecticut Hill in Tompkins Co. at 2,000 ft., Farmingdale, Ithaca, McLean Reserve in Tompkins Co., Niagara Falls, Syracuse, and Taughannock Falls) ; North Carolina; Ontario (Algonquin Park, Biscotasing, Constance Bay, Merivale, Muskoka District, Ottawa, Thunder Bay Beach, and Wal- lacetown); Pennsylvania (Harrisburg and Slippery Rock Creek) ; Quebec (Aylmer, Chelsea, Kazubazua, Lachute, Laniel, and Old
18 U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Chelsea) ; Saskatchewan (Prince Albert National Park and Waskesiu) ; Virginia (Falls Church) ; Washington (Lake Cushman in Mason Co.) ; West Virginia (Cheat Mt.); and Wisconsin (Madison and Polk Co.).
Collecting dates are from early spring to early summer, with the males appearing and disappearing about ten days before the females. Some of the early and late dates for males are April 16 at Mastyard, N. H.; April 18 in Midland Co., Mich.; April 19 at Falls Church, Va.; April 22 at Ottawa, Ont.; April 24 at Chelsea, Que., and at Syracuse, N. Y.; April 25 at Niagara Falls, N. Y.; June 6 at Ithaca, N. Y.; June 7 at Kazubazua, Que.; June 8 at Waskesiu, Sask.; June 10 at Constance Bay, Ont.; and June 13 at Taughannock Falls, N. Y. and at Thunder Bay Beach, Ont.
Some early and late dates for females are: April 29 at Farmingdale, N. Y.; May 4 in Midland Co., Mich.; May 8 at Merivale, Ont.; May 14 at Old Chelsea, Que.; May 22 at Laniel, Que.; June 20 at Gull Lake in Charlevoix Co., Mich.; June 23 at Alexandria, Minn., and at Mount Madison, N. H.; July 4 at Laniel, Que.; July 23 at Gold Lake in Sierra Co., Cant el July 25 at 7,500 to 9,700 ft. in Sequoia National Park, Calif.
We have Seal times polleened males very early in spring (late April and early May) in central New York State, flying less than 5 centimeters above the dead leaves of mixed forests on sunny after- noons. In this area, they are among the very first ichneumonids to appear in spring.
As hosts, the subspecies has been reared from Choristoneura fumi- ferana at Algonquin Park, Ont., by Bradley; from a geometrid at Kettle Forest, B. C.; and again from a geometrid without locality data. Males were collected ‘feeding at sap” and “at maple sap’’ at Old Chelsea, Que., by G. S. Walley on Apr. 26, 1935, and Apr. 30, 1937, and at Mastyard, N. H., on Apr. 16, 1896, by W. F. Fisk. One female specimen is labeled “beaten from fir’’ and another female is labeled ‘‘Norway spruce.’ According to these data, the subspecies seems to parasitize small Lepidoptera attacking conifers.
This subspecies is characteristic of the Alleghenian fauna, but occurs also westward to British Columbia, Washington, and California.
le. Chorinaeus longicalcar talaris, new subspecies
Metapleurum with hairs near its coxal socket and in a broad band along pleural carina, extending from apex to a little forward of pro- podeal spiracle.
Male: Black. Face, lower lateral part of frons, front part of cheek, clypeus, mouth parts, scape and pedicel in front, tegula, front and middle legs, and hind leg beyond femur, yellow; front
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 19
and middle femora usually with fulvous or brownish areas behind; hind tibia brown or blackish on the apical 0.1 to 0.25; apex of hind coxa (a little more broadly beneath), hind trochanters, and base and apex of hind femur, yellow; flagellum brown beneath.
Female: Black. Interantennal process and inner orbit from level of clypeal fovea to lower corner of frons. yellow, the orbital mark rather broad and a little widened near antenna; apical margin of clypeus brownish; disc of clypeus often yellowish brown; scape yellow beneath; mandible ferruginous medially; maxilla, labium, tegula, extreme apices of coxae, apices of trochanters, hind second trochanter, bases and apices of femora, and tibia, yellow, the apical 0.1 to 0.3 of hind tibia blackish; tarsi yellow, grading to yellowish brown toward the apex; flagellum brown, darker above.
Type: 2, Mattawa, Ont., incubator reared from lepidopterous pupa, Feb. 21, 1939 (Ottawa).
Paratypes: o’, in sap bucket, Chelsea, Que., Apr. 21, 1933, G. S. Walley (Ottawa); and 1407, 119 incubator-reared from various lepi- dopterous pupae by the Canadian forest insect survey during the years 1937 to 1945. The localities represented are: Ontario (Achray, Algonquin Park, Deux Riviéres, Chalk River, Kapuskasing, Lake Two Rivers, Nicholson, Petawawa, Timagami, and Wensley); and Quebec (Bois Franc, Breckenridge, Chelsea, John Bull Depot, Mani- waki, and Mont St. Michel).
The hosts recorded for these are: Choristoneura fumiferana (one locality); Caripeta divisata (one locality); Caripeta angustiorata? (one locality); Semiothisa granitata (one locality); Protoboarmia porcelaria (three localities); Paraphia piniata (three localities); Geometridae (three localities); Noctuidae (four localities), and Lepidoptera (one locality).
This subspecies occurs in the Canadian zone of Ontario and Quebec, where it parasitizes a variety of small Lepidoptera on conifers. All specimens but one are from rearings.
ld. Chorinaeus longicalcar flayicrus, new subspecies
Metapleurum with hairs over its entire surface.
Male: Black. Face, lower lateral part of frons, clypeus, mouth parts, scape and pedicel in front, tegula, front and middle legs, and hind leg beyond femur, :yellow; ront and middle coxae blackish basally; front and middle femora with a large black area behind; apex of hind coxa yellow (more extensively below); hind trochanters yellow except for a large brown area on upper side of first trochanter; hind femur yellow at base and apex.
20 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Figures 3-5.—Localities, subspecies of Chorinaeus longicalcar: 3 (left), talaris; 4 (center), flavicrus; 5 (right), suralis.
Female: Black. Interantennal process and broad inner orbit from level of clypeal fovea to lower corner of frons, yellow; apical half of mandible ferruginous; scape beneath, palpi, spot on tegula, and legs beyond femora, yellow; apices of coxae, apices of first trochanters, all of second trochanter of hind legs, and bases and apices of femora, yellow.
Type: 9, “Boyer, Oreg.,’”’ Apr. 22, 1925 (Washington, USNM 63591).
Paratype: o’, Puyallup, Wash., Mar. 11, 1985, Wm. W. Baker (Washington).
le. Chorinaeus longicalear suralis, new subspecies
Metapleurum bare near the middle, the rest with hairs.
Male: Colored like male of C. longicalcar flavicrus except that front part of cheek is yellow and hind tibia has a subapical ventral brown patch occupying 0.3 of its length.
Female: Black. Interantennal process, broad inner orbit from level of clypeal fovea to lower corner of frons, spot on scape beneath, palpi, and spot on tegula, yellow; apex of coxae, apex of trochanters, and apex and extreme base of femora, yellow; legs beyond femora yellow with a brownish tinge, especially toward apex of tarsi; front and middle tibiae with an obscure brown stripe beneath; hind tibia with a large blackish subapical area beneath that extends for about 0.35 its length and upwards on its sides.
Type: 9, Berkeley, Calif., Apr. 26, 1938, R. M. and G. E. Bohart (Washington, USNM 63592).
Paratypes: 29, same data as type (Townes). o, Berkeley, Calif., Apr. 17, 1935 (Townes).
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE Dit
2. Chorinaeus aequalis, new species FiacuRreE 178,c¢
Front wing 3.7 to 5.0 mm. long; face about 0.85 as high as the mouth is wide; median 0.6 of clypeal margin straight; mandible about 1.85 as long as wide in male, about 2.1 as long as wide in female, its upper tooth enlarged (especially in female) and outer face with rather coarse punctures; flagellum with about 32 segments in male and about 29 segments in female; metapleurum with rather sparse hairs on its upper third; front spur of middle tibia almost exactly as long as the hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 1.3 as long as wide in male, about 1.25 as long as wide in female; second tergite with a distinct longitudinal carina just mesad of its spiracle, in its basal half; sculpture of second tergite as sharp, irregular, longitudinal wrinkling mixed with rather dense, coarse punctures; apex of penis with 7 to 15 setae on each side.
Figure 6.—Localities for Cho- rinaeus aequalis.
Colored like Chorinaeus excessorius except that under side of scape and pedicel have little or no yellow, mandible of female is brown, and clypeal fovea of female is often narrowly surrounded with brown.
Type: 9, Farmingdale, N. Y., July 15, 1938, H. and M. Townes (Washington, USNM 63593).
Paratypes: 39, same data as type (Townes). o, Edmonton, Alta., July 13, 1947, E. H. Strickland (Townes). 9, Holliston, Mass., Sept. 17, N. Banks (Cambridge). <, Babylon, N. Y., July 9, 1936, Blanton and Borders (Townes). o, Connecticut Hill at 2,095 ft., Tompkins Co., N. Y., June 1936, H. Townes (Townes). 9, Cranberry Lake, N. Y., July 5, 1917, C. J. Drake (New York). 29, Farmingdale, N. Y., July 10 and 17, 1938, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 9, Crab- tree Meadows at 3,600 ft. in Yancey Co., N. C., Aug. 25, 1950, H., M., D., and J. Townes (Townes). 9, Mount Pisgah N. C., June 21,
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1940, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 92, Jordon, Ont., Aug. 6, 1925, C. H. Curran (Ottawa). o', Spring Brook, Pa., Aug. 25, 1945, H. Townes (Townes). co, Westmoreland County, Pa., July (Pittsburgh). 2, Wright, Que., July 6, 1933, G.S. Walley (Townes). 9, Glencarlyn, Va., July 14, N. Banks (Cambridge).
This species occurs in the Alleghenian fauna. Adults have been collected from late June to late August.
3. Chorinaeus excessorius Davis Fiaures 163,a; 178,d
Chorinaeus excessorius Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 209; 9. Type: 9, Washington (Philadelpia).
Front wing 3.5 to 5.4 mm. long; face about 1.1 as high as the mouth is wide in male, about 0.94 as high in female; median 0.6 of clypeal margin weakly concave; mandible about 1.95 as long as wide in male, about 2.0 as long as wide in female, its upper tooth only a little larger than its lower tooth, its outer face with rather coarse punctures; flagellum with about 34 segments in male, with about 29 segments in female; metapleurum with scattered hairs on its upper third; front spur of middle tibia about 0.75 as long as the hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 2.5 as long as wide in male, about 2.25 as long as wide in female; second tergite with an indistinct longitudinal carina just mesad of its spiracle, occupying its basal half; sculpture of second tergite as coarse subadjacent punctures with a tendency to longitu- dinal wrinkling between the punctures; apex of penis with 4 to 6 stout setae on each side.
Black. Face, frons laterally to top of eye emargination, cheek, temple next to cheek, clypeus, mouth parts, under side of scape and pedicel, tegula, front and middle coxae and trochanters, apex of femora and basal 0.2 of tibiae, pale yellow; front and middle coxae more or less tinged with fulvous, especially in female; apex of hind femur and
Ficure 7.—Localities for Cho- TINAEUS EXCESSOTIUS.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 23
hind tibia beyond basal 0.2 slightly infuscate; legs fulvous except as described otherwise, the front legs of male beyond the trochanters more or less yellowish; elypeal fovea brownish; flagellum light brown below, dark brown above.
This species is close to the European Chorinaeus cristator (Graven- horst), 1829, differing from cristator in having the mandible a little narrower, the hind coxa ferruginous rather than black, and an average of more numerous and more slender setae on the apex of the penis.
Specimens (3160, 429): From Alabama (Langdale); California (“Mt. St. Helena’’); Georgia (Rabun Bald in Rabun Co. and Yonah Mt. in Hall Co.); Iowa (Fremont Co. and Kossuth Co.); Kansas (Manhattan and Wamego); Maine (Bangor and Fort Kent); Mary- land (Takoma Park); Michigan (Delta Co., East Lansing, Newaygo Co., and George Reserve in Livingston Co.) ; Minnesota (Chisago Co., Fillmore Co., and Houston Co.); Missouri (Columbia); New Jersey (Chesilhurst, Moorestown, and Ramsey); New York (Bemus Point, Eastport, Farmingdale, Greene Co., and Huntington); Ontario (Erin and Sudbury); Pennsylvania (Spring Brook); Rhode Island (Kings- ton); Utah (Ogden); Vermont (Woodstock); Virginia (‘‘Barcroft,’’ Dunn Loring, and Mount Elliot in Augusta Co. at 4,473 ft.); Wash- ington; and Wisconson (Trempealeau Co.).
The collection dates are rather evenly distributed in June, July, and August, with a few outside of this range as follows: April 29 in Iowa; May 2 in Riley Co., Kans.; May 3 on Yonah Mt., Ga.; May 7 on Mount St. Helena, Calif.; May 16 at Ogden, Utah; May 23 in Fillmore Co. and Houston Co., Minn.; September 3 in Kossuth Co., Iowa; September 4 at Columbia, Mo.; September 6 at Dunn Loring, Va.; and October 8 at Takoma Park, Md.
Host records include a number of specimens reared from Ancylis comptana by R. L. Parker and S. A. Summerland at Manhattan, Kans., and at Wamego, Kans., and a female reared from Choristoneura fumiferana at Fort Kent, Maine.
In the authors’ collecting the species has been swept on numerous occasions from the undergrowth of deciduous forests.
This species occurs in the Transition and Upper Austral zones, rather commonly east of the 100th meridian, sparingly from there to the Pacific Coast. Adults are on the wing throughout the summer.
4. Chorinaeus californicus Ashmead FicurRE 178,e Chorinaeus californicus Ashmead, 1896, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 200; o. Type: o, Santa Cruz Mts., Calif. (Washington).
Front wing 3.8 to 4.2 mm. long; face about 0.94 as high as mouth is wide in male, about 0.85 as high in female; central 0.6 of clypeal 451582—59_3
24 U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
margin straight; mandible about 2.0 as long as wide, its upper tooth somewhat larger than its lower tooth, its outer face smooth, with some large weak punctures; flagellum with about 28 segments in male, with about 23 segments in female; metapleurum with scattered hairs in its upper 0.2; front spur of middle tibia about 0.73 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 2.5 as long as wide in male, about 2.25 as long as wide in female; second tergite with or without a longitudinal carina just mesad of its spiracle, the tergal sculpture composed of coarse, subadjacent punctures with a tendency to longitudinal wrinkling between the punctures; apex of penis as in Chorinaeus funebris, without setae.
Colored like Chorinaeus excessorius except that hind coxa is blackish with apex ferruginous.
Specimens: 29, Big Delta, Alaska, June 24 and 30, 1951, W. R. M. Mason (Ottawa). o, Vancouver, B. C. (Washington). o, 29, San Francisco, Calif., Apr. 10, 1907, E. C. Van Dyke (San Francisco and Townes). 9, San Francisco, Calif., May 10, 1908, E. C. Van Dyke (Townes). of (type), Santa Cruz Mts., Calif. (Washington). 9, Stin- son Beach, Calif., Apr. 6, 1951, E. I. Schlinger (Townes). <, Easton, Wash. (Washington).
The range is from Alaska to southern California.
5. Chorinaeus opacitas Davis Ficure 178,f Chorinaeus opacitas Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 210; 9. Type: 9, Nevada (Philadelphia). Front wing 3.9 to 4.8 mm. long; face about 0.91 as high as mouth is wide in male, about 0.85 as high in female; central 0.6 of clypeal margin a little up-bowed; mandible about 1.85 as long as wide, its
Ficures 8-10.—Localities: 8 (left), Chorinaeus californicus; 9 (center), C. opacitas; 10 (right), C. constrictus.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 25
upper tooth very little larger than its lower tooth, its outer face with moderately coarse punctures; flagellum with about 36 segments in male, with about 30 segments in female; upper 0.2 to 0.4 of meta- pleurum with sparse hairs that arise from more distinct punctures than in other Nearctic species of Chorinaeus; front spur of middle tibia about 0.78 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 1.8 as long as wide in male, about 1.35 as long as wide in female; second tergite with a weak longitudinal carina just mesad of its spiracle in its basal half, this carina almost obsolete in the female; second tergite with close, moderate sized, very sharp punctures, in the males also with a trace of longitudinal wrinkling; apex of penis as in Chorinaeus funebris, without setae.
Male: Black. Face, lower lateral corner of frons (truncate above just below center of eye emargination), cheek, clypeus, mouth parts, spot on scape beneath, front and middle coxae except above, front and middle trochanters, front side of front and middle tibiae, and basal 0.2 of all tibiae, pale yellow; front and middle tarsi pale yellow, brownish beyond the middle; front and middle tibiae brown behind; front and middle femora ferruginous, pale yellow at apex; front and middle coxae brownish or blackish basally and above; hind coxa blackish; hind trochanters pale, the first trochanter blackish behind; hind femur ferruginous, infuscate at apex; hind tibia ferruginous, fuscuous dorsally, its basal 0.2 pale yellow and its spurs pale; hind tarsus mostly infuscate; tegula yellow, brownish apically; flagellum with reddish brown tinges below.
Female: Black. Side of face, interantennal triangle, clypeus, and mouth parts, pale yellow; apical part of mandible reddish brown; tegula ferruginous with a small basal yellow spot; flagellum brown beneath; legs ferruginous, the basal 0.2 of tibiae yellowish, hind coxa blackish except at apex, apex of hind femur and upper side of hind tibia weakly infuscate (except on basal 0.2), and hind tarsus brown.
Specimens: 29, Parker Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz., Apr. 20 and May 4, 1947, H. and M. Townes (Townes). oc’, Santa Rita Mts., Ariz., Apr. 25, 1940, P. W. Oman (Washington). <, Felton, in the Santa Cruz Mts. at 300 to 500 ft., Calif., May 20 to 25, 1907, J. C. Bradley (Ithaca). 96, 49, Leevining, Calif., June 21, 22, and 24, 1948, H., M., G., and D. Townes (Townes). , near Sonora Pass, 8,000 ft., Calif., July 6, 1948, H., M., G., and D. Townes (Townes). Q (type), Nevada (Philadelphia). o, Oak Creek Canyon, Ariz., June 19, 1949, D. G. Denning (Townes).
This species is moderately common among semidesert shrubs of Southwestern United States. Adults occur late in spring, before development of the heat and drought of summer.
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6. Chorinaeus constrictus Davis Ficure 178,g
Chorinaeus constrictus Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 209; 9. Type: 9, Franconia, N. H. (Philadelphia).
Front wing 3.0 to 3.8 mm. long; face about 1.2 as high as mouth is wide in male, about 0.95 as high in female; central 0.6 of clypeal margin straight; mandible about 2.1 as long as wide, its upper tooth much larger than its lower tooth, its outer face with rather coarse punctures; flagellum with about 29 segments in male, with about 25 segments in female; metapleurum with a few hairs on its upper 0.12; front spur of middle tibia about 0.70 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 1.6 as long as wide in male, about 1.0 as long as wide in female; second tergite with a longitudinal carina just mesad of spiracle in its basal half, its punctures of moderate size, strong, and rather close, between the punctures with a strong tendency to longitudinal wrinkling, especially in the male; apex of penis as in Chorinaeus funebris, without setae.
Male: Black. Face, lower lateral part of frons (extending to, or truncate below middle of eye emargination), cheek, temple next to cheek, under side of scape and pedicel, mouth parts, tegula, and legs except as noted below, pale yellow; femora fulvous except at apex; hind coxa fulvous except at apex; hind tibia beyond its basal 0.2 fulvous, weakly infuscate dorsad; flagellum light brown below, dark brown above; apical part of tegula fulvous.
Female: Black. Face, lower lateral part of frons to near or just above center of eye emargination, cheek, temple next to cheek. under side of scape, mouth parts, front and middle coxae, all trochanters, apex of femora, basal 0.2 of tibiae, and basal half of tarsi, pale yellow; rest of legs fulvous and the fore and middle coxae tinged with fulvous; tegula yellow, the apical half ferruginous.
Specimens: 9, Atlanta, Ga., May 27, 1941, P. W. Fattig (Wash- ington). 9, Bowie, Md., June 24, 1945, H. and M. Townes (Townes). o', Takoma Park, Md., July 1, 1948, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 2 (type), Franconia, N. H., A. T. Slosson (Philadelphia). 9, Oneonta, N. Y., Aug. 24, 1935, H. Townes (Townes). 9, Mount Pisgah at 5,500 ft., N. C., June 25, 1951, H. and A. Howden (Townes). 50, 19, collected flying over large Hypericum bushes in meadow, Galax, Va., Aug. 29, 1955, H. and M. Townes (Townes). o, Gatlinburg, Tenn., Aug. 22, 1950, G. S. Walley (Ottawa).
7. Chorinaeus funebris (Gravenhorst)
Front wing 2.9 to 5.4 mm. long; face about 0.90 as high as width of mouth in male, about 0.83 as high as width of mouth in female, but
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 27
these measurements unusually variable; median 0.6 of clypeal margin faintly up-bowed; mandible about 2.1 as long as wide in male, about 2.3 as long as wide in female, its upper tooth much larger than its lower tooth, its outer face with very coarse, close punctures; flagellum with about 29 segments in male, with about 27 segments in female; metapleurum with hairs on its upper 0.2 to 0.3; front spur of middle tibia about 0.71 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 2.2 as long as wide in male, about 1.33 as long as wide in female; second tergite with a longitudinal carina just mesad of spiracle in its basal half; second tergite with indistinct to strong longitudinal wrinkles, with interspersed strong, rather close punctures; apex of penis without setae.
This species is variable and difficult to define. The separation from the species C. constrictus is particularly tenuous and may not be valid. Males might easily be confused with males of C. recurvus. The better recognition characters for C. funebris are the absence or small extent of yellow on the frons, rather wide mouth and long mandible, with heavy close punctures on outer face of mandible and upper mandibular tooth much larger than lower tooth, strong longitudinal wrinkling on second tergite, and in the female a tendency to have a median sub- dorsal facial spot, the area of the clypeal fovea, and the mandible, brownish. We have 10 specimens (all males) which cannot be deter- mined with certainty. They probably all belong under C. funebdris, but some may be C. constrictus or represent one or more new species, thus far unrecognized.
There are four distinguishable subspecies, as treated below.
Key to the subspecies of Chorinaeus funebris
1. Hind coxa partly to entirely fulvous, at least its apical 0.2 fulvous; range: Canadian to Upper Austral zones east of the Rocky Mountains; also Alberta and British Columbia ... . . . . Ta. funebris carinatus (Cresson)
Hind coxa entirely black or blackish eet. See Pee veneer he
2. Face with a median blackish wedge or lobe eedine ae ae upper part to the clypeal suture, the yellow of the face being thus divided into lateral halves (fig. 178,i); fad femur entirely blackish; range: Colorado and Idaho.
7d. funebris divisus, new subspecies
Face without a median blackish area, or with a smaller blackish area that does not completely divide the yellow of the face into lateral halves (fig. 178,h) ; hind femur fulvous to fuscous tinged with fulvous . sy okioe Snead ealiny sve Re
3. Hind femur fuscous tinged with fulvous; range: Europe.
7b. funebris funebris (Gravenhorst) Hind femur clear fulvous, with a faint dorsoapical infuscation; range: Nevada to Arizona ........ .... .. Ve. funebris clarus, new subspecies
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7a. Chorinaeus funebris carinatus (Cresson)
Ficure 178,h
Tryphon carinatus Cresson, 1864, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 3, p. 273; oa. Type: o, Illinois (Philadelphia). evi
Polyrhabdus cariniger Walsh, 1873, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, vol. 3, p. 98; 3, 9 (new synonymy). Types: o, 9, ?Illinois (destroyed in Chicago fire of 1871).
Front wing 2.9 to 5.4 mm. long; longitudinal wrinkling on second tergite usually strong.
Black. Face, sometimes lower lateral part of frons to as high as center of eye emargination, cheek, clypeus, mouth parts except usually for female mandible, front half of tegula, front and middle coxae and trochanters of male, apex of femora and basal 0.2 of tibiae, pale yellow or ochraceous yellow. The face usually has a median subdorsal elliptical brownish mark, often its upper lateral corner black, and especially in females the clypeal fovea is usually brownish. Female mandible pale brown. The frons is commonly entirely black and when there is yellow in its lower lateral corner this is truncate rather than tapered dorsally, and rarely reaches center of eye emargination. Antenna tinged with brown below; back half of tegula ferruginous; hind coxa entirely ferruginous or basally more or less fuscous, at least its apical 0.2+ always ferruginous; legs fulvoferruginous except as described otherwise, the hind tarsus, hind tibia beyond its basal 0.2, and usually apex of hind femur above, weakly infuscate.
Figure 11.—Localities for Cho- rinaeus funebris carinatus.
In the absence of the type of Polyrhabdus cariniger, application of the name has been decided on the basis of the original description. This is rather detailed and indicates that very probably the present form was Walsh’s cariniger.
Specimens (93 o, 929): From Alabama (Pyriton); Alberta (Edmon- ton); British Columbia (Trinity Valley near Lumby); Connecticut
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 29
(East River and Voluntown); Illinois; Maine (Bar Harbor and Machias); Manitoba (Deepdale and Riding Mt. Park); Maryland (Glen Echo); Massachusetts (Holliston); Michigan (Antrim Co, Belding, Ionia Co., and Tuscola Co.); Minnesota (Minneapolis, Norman Co., and St. Paul); New Hampshire (Franconia, Mount Madison, and Randolph); New Jersey (Anglesea, Bridgeboro, Green- wood Lake, Milltown, Moorestown, and Seaside Park); New York (Geneva, Grindstone Island at Clayton, Ithaca, Lockport, Montauk, Oswego, and Ringwood in Tompkins Co.); Nova Scotia (Frederickton and Ottawa House at Parrsboro); Ohio (Wayne Co.); Ontario (Angus, Golden Lake, Grimsby, North Bay, Ottawa, Opasatika, Sault Ste. Marie, Swastika, and Toronto); Pennsylvania (Fayetteville and Pittsburgh) ; Quebec (Wakefield) ; Rhode Island (Westerly); and Texas (Kerrville).
Most of the collecting dates are rather evenly distributed from June 4 through September 15. Those outside of this range are: April 13 and May 30 at Kerrville, Tex.; May 28 at Geneva, N. Y.; May 29 at Oswego, N. Y.; May 31 at Ithaca, N. Y.; May at Moores- town, N. J.; September 23 at Toronto, Ont.; and October 6 and 7 at Ottawa, Ont.
The species has been reared from Ancylis comptana many times and at the following localities: Moorestown, N. J.; southern N. J.; Bridgeboro, N. J.; Fayetteville, Pa.; and a probable record “reared from host on strawberry” in Wayne Co., Ohio, June 27, 1938. These rearings from Ancylis comptana were mostly if not all in connection with insectary rearings of Macrocenirus ancylivorus for biological con- trol of Grapholitha molesta, in which strawberry leaves infested with Ancylis comptana were brought into the insectary and the emerging parasites collected. The association of C. funebris carinatus with Ancylis comptana would thus be highly probable but rot proven. Other rearings recorded on pin labels of the specimens studied are from Strepsicrates smithiana on bayberry, Anglesea, N. J., July 13, W. D. Kearfott; ?Trichotaphe, Trinity Valley, Lumby, B. C., Sept. 5, 1937; lepidopteran on Salix, Ottawa House at Parrsboro, N.5., Sept. 11, 1944, J. McDunnough; Tetralopha asperatella, Swastika, Ont., 1943; Tetralopha asperatella, Angus, Ont., 1945; Acrobasis betulella, Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., 1942; Argyrotaenia lutosana, Opasatika, Ont., 1939; and Anacampsis rhoifructella, Golden Lake, Ont., 1942.
This subspecies is widely distributed in the Transition and Upper Austral zones east of the 100th meridian. It has also been found more sparingly westward to the Pacific coast. Adults are on the wing mostly from early June to mid-September. Various small Lepidop- tera serve as hosts.
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7b. Chorinaeus funebris funebris (Gravenhorst)
FiaurE 165,a
Exochus funebris Gravenhorst, 1829, Ichneumonologia europaea, vol. 1, p. 695; a. Types: &o’, Netley, England (? Wroclaw).
Front wing 3.8 to 4.8 mm. long; longitudinal wrinkling on second tergite moderately strong.
Male: Black. Face except upper lateral corner and sometimes median subdorsal brownish mark, sometimes spot on cheek, clypeus, mouth parts, front and middle coxae except for basal infuscation, front and middle trochanters, marks on hind trochanters, more or less of front sides of front and middle femora and tibiae, basal 0.2 of tibiae, and tarsi basally, pale yellow; hind coxa blackish; hind tro- chanters partly infuscate; hind femur and tibia (except its basal 0.2), infuscate fulvous, darkest above; first segment of hind tarsus on its apical 0.3 and all of following segments brown; legs fulvous except as described otherwise; flagellum brown beneath; tegula brown except for a basal yellow spot.
The above description is based on three males from Belgium. It may not be entirely applicable to other European material.
We have seen specimens in the Gravenhorst collection in Wroclaw, labeled Hxochus funebris, but it seemed doubtful that any of them are original types.
7c. Chorinaeus funebris clarus, new subspecies
Front wing 4.2 to 4.5 mm. long; second tergite with very little longitudinal wrinkling and its sublateral longitudinal carina rather weak; general sculpture a little smoother and more strongly punctate than average for the species.
Ficures 12, 13.—Localities: 12 (left), Chorinaeus funebris clarus; 13 (right), C. f. divisus.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 3k
Female: Black. Face except sometimes upper lateral corner and a median subdorsal brown spot, cheek, clypeus, mouth parts, and basal 0.2 of tibiae, light yellow; mandible often brownish; antenna tinged with brown beneath; tegula light brown, yellow basally; front and middle legs fulvous except for basal 0.2 of tibiae and basal infuscation on coxae; hind coxa entirely blackish; hind trochanters fuscofulvous; hind femur and tibia (except for its basal 0.2) fulvous, both with an apical dorsal infuscate area; hind tarsus fuscofulvous.
Type: 9, Oak Creek Canyon, Ariz., May 19, 1947, H. and M. Townes (Washington, USNM 63594).
Paratype: °, Ormsby Co., Nev., July 6, C. F. Baker (Ithaca).
7d. Chorinaeus funebris divisus, new subspecies Figure 178,i
Front wing 2.9 to 3.8 mm. long; longitudinal wrinkling on second tergite moderately strong.
Black. Large lateral areas on face (separated medially by a black- ish oblong or wedge-shaped area), usually narrow margin of inter- antennal process, mouth parts, front leg beyond trochanters, and middle leg beyond femur, ochraceous; mandible of female usually light brown; palpi often brown; tegula brown with basal yellow spot; apex of fore and middle coxae usually yellowish brown; basal 0.2 of all tibiae pale yellowish; middle femur light brown, yellowish at apex; trochanters fuscous; hind coxa blackish; hind femur blackish brown; hind tibia except on its basal 0.2 and hind tarsus brownish fulvous.
Type: 2, reared from Grapholitha conversana, Deary, Idaho, July 1, 1949, Arthur J. Walz (Washington, USNM 63595).
Paratypes: 30", 42, same data as type (Townes and Walz). 59, Deary, Idaho, June 13, 1949, Arthur J. Walz (Washington and Townes). of’, reared from Grapholitha conversana, Deary, Idaho, January 1950 (Washington). o, Cataldo, Idaho, July 1, 1940, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 307, 19, Rabbit Ears Pass at 9,500 ft., Colo., Aug. 7, 1948, H., M., and G., and D. Townes (Townes).
This subspecies occurs in the Rocky Mountain area.
8. Chorinaeus recurvus, new species FicurE 178 j
Front wing 3.8 to 4.2 mm. long; face about 0.92 as high as mouth is wide in male, about 0.72 as high in female; punctures on face exceptionally fine and weak; median 0.6 of clypeal margin straight; mandible about 2.2 as long as wide, its upper tooth larger than lower tooth, its outer face with small rather weak punctures, and in the female strongly incurved; flagellum with about 26 segments in male, with about 24 segments in female; metapleurum with hairs on its
32 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
upper 0.25+; front spur of middle tibia about 0.80 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 1.3 as long as wide; second tergite with a weak longitudinal carina just mesad of spiracle in its basal half; punctures on second tergite of medium size, strong, close, and tending to group into longitudinal rows; apex of penis as in Chorinaeus funebris, without setae.
Black. Male face, clypeus, cheeks, mouth parts, small spot on under side of scape and of pedicel, and front and middle coxae and _ tro- chanters, pale yellow; female face, clypeus, and mandible brown, the face with a narrow line next eye and margin of interantennal process yellowish; female palpi yellow; under side of flagellum brownish; tegula, extreme apex of femora, and basal 0.2 of tibiae, yellowish; apex of hind femur, hind tibia except on basal 0.2, and hind tarsus more or less weakly infuscate; legs fulvous except as described otherwise.
Type: 92, Slide Mt. at 2,800 to 4,000 ft., N. Y., Aug. 25, 1935, H. and C. Townes (Washington, USNM 63596).
Paratypes: o’, 9, same data as type (Townes). 9, Franconia, N. H., A. T. Slosson (New York). a’, 29, Pinkham Notch, N. H., Aug. 24, 1951, H., M., and D. Townes (Townes).
This species has been taken only in spruce woods in the northeastern States, late in August.
9. Chorinacus labiosus, new species FicurE 178,k
Female type: Front wing 3.2 mm. long; face 0.59 as high as mouth is wide; clypeal margin approximately straight, even to the lateral corners; mandible 2.7 as long as wide, its upper tooth much larger than lower tooth, its outer face with some rather small punctures; flagellum missing beyond the fourteenth segment; metapleurum with
AN
\
\
\ 4
Figures 14-16.—Localities: 14 (left), Chorinaeus recurvus; 15 (center), C. labiosus; 16 (right), C. emorsus.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 33
a few hairs adjacent to pleural carina, these almost in a single row; front spur of middle tibia 0.85 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus 1.25 as long as wide; second tergite without a longi- tudinal carina just mesad of spiracle, its punctures of moderate size, strong, moderately close, and tending to be elongate.
Black. Face except for median subdorsal brown spot, lower lateral corner of frons, under side of scape, palpi, apex of front and middle coxae and of all femora, and basal 0.2 of tibiae, light yellow; clypeus dark brown, light brown on its apical margin; mandible light brown, black basally; pedicel and flagellum brown beneath; tegula brown with basal yellow spot; middle and hind basitarsi stramineous, their apical third darker; front and middle legs light brown except as described otherwise; hind coxa blackish brown, its apex stramineous; hind trochanters pale brown; hind femur, tibia, and tarsus dark brown except as described otherwise.
Type: 2, Mount Pisgah at 4,800 to 5,300 ft., N. C., June 21, 1940, H. and M. Townes (Washington, USNM 63597).
10. Chorinaeus emorsus, new species
Figure 178,1
Female: Front wing 3.2 to 3.5 mm. long; face about 0.73 as high as mouth is wide, strongly narrowed above; median 0.6 of clypeal margin strongly up-bowed; mandible distinctive, about 2.5 as long as wide, its upper tooth exceptionally large and lower tooth small, its outer face with numerous, moderately small punctures; flagellum with about 22 segments; metapleurum with about 7 hairs posterodorsally ; front spur of middle tibia about 0.89 as long as hind spur; second seg- ment of middle tarsus about 1.7 as long as wide; second tergite with- out a longitudinal carina just mesad of spiracle, with fine, irregular, longitudinal wrinkling interspersed with indistinct punctures.
Black. Face yellow except for a median brown area that is expanded dorsally, its interantennal process yellow; mandible and cheek next to mandible brownish stramineous; palpi yellow; antenna brown, darker above; tegula light brown with a basal yellow area; front and middle legs stramineous, their coxae brown except at apex and the apex of their femora and base of tibiae yellowish; hind coxa blackish; hind legs beyond coxa light ferruginous brown, the extreme apex of femur and basal 0.2 of tibia yellow; femur subapically, tibia dorsally, and tarsi brown.
Type: 9, Pinkham Notch, N. H., Aug. 23, 1951, H., M., and D. Townes (Washington, USNM 63598).
Paratypes: 9, Mount Washington, N. H., A. T. Slosson (New York). 9, Halifax, N.S., Sept. 5, 1950, J. McDunnough (Ottawa).
34 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
4. Genus Trieces
Figure 165,b
Trieces Townes, 1946, Bol. Ent. Venezolana, vol. 5, p. 60. Type: Exochus tex- anus Cresson; original designation. ;
Front wing 3 to 6 mm. long; front spur of middle tibia 0.25 to 0.65 as long as hind spur; thorax with an exceptionally streamlined appear- ance; pronotum evenly convex as the upper margin is approached, without an impression paralleling its upper margin; mesopleural suture indistinct or absent; metapleurum bare or with hairs in its upper part, with more or less distinct wrinkles near attachment of hind coxa; lateral carina of first tergite often weak or obsolescent; second tergite with a median and a sublateral longitudinal carina extending its entire length; third tergite with a median carina and sublateral carina, the sublateral carina extending 0.3 or more of the tergite’s length; fourth tergite basally sometimes with median and sublateral carinae but usually ecarinate. In Trieces teres the carmae on the tergites are reduced. See the description of that species. In all other respects this genus is similar to Chorinaeus.
This is a large genus of probably worldwide distribution. The species, however, are scarce in collections. Most of them occur sparingly, among shrubby growth in rather dry habitats. When collected they have a habit of folding their wings and antennae back and pushing themselves along rather than crawling. This makes them adept at squeezing through the meshes of an insect net.
Key to the Nearctic species of Trieces
1. Median and sublateral longitudinal carinae of third tergite reaching its apex
and continued on to the fourth tergite. DENTATUS GROUP. ..... 2
Median and sublateral longitudinal carinae of third tergite present on its
basal 0.8 or less (or in T. teres, hardly indicated at all), completely absent
from fourth tergite except in some males of T. costatus. . . ..... 3
2. Lateral carina of scutellum not projecting beyond apex of scutellum; pre-
pectal carina complete, dorsally reaching front edge of mesopleurum; metapleurum without hairs (fig. 182,b); hind femur blackish.
18. calvatus, new species
Lateral carina of scutellum projecting beyond apex of scutellum to form an
acute tooth; prepectal carina incomplete above, not reaching front edge of
mesopleurum; metapleurum with numerous hairs along its upper margin
(fig. 182,c); hind femur fulvous. . . . . . . 19. dentatus, new species
3. Metapleurum with a vertical, slotlike pit in its hind end, broadly hairy along
its entire upper margin (fig. 182,d); face 1.5 to 2.1 as wide as high. OnirTIs
eRrour..,.2)s tGe ss OS sued. (Ph Sate ats Bees ae oP ee ee oe
Metapleurum without a pit in its hind end, not broadly hairy along its entire
upper margin, if with hairs along its upper margin they are in a band that
is either narrow or incomplete (figs. 180,a to 182,a); face 1.0 to 1.5 as wide
icy of al oh eet bes Suit ep eatin ie ee vk tne reine tery bar etieriy on ae rer ase Pe ae
10.
Ae
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE ao
. Face 1.89 to 2.25 as wide as high, bulging above base of clypeus (fig. 179,e).
22. onitis (Davis) Face about 1.6 as wide as high, not bulging above base of clypeus. .... . 5
. Middle half of apical margin of clypeus truncate or weakly convex; second
segment of middle tarsus about 2.05 as long as wide in male, about 1.85 aslongaswideinfemale. ... . . . . .20. arcuatus, new species Middle half of apical margin of pivccns faintly (most males) to distinctly (females) concave; second segment of middle tarsus about 1.5 as long as wide in male, about 1.4 as long as wide in female. Males are not always distinguishable from those of T. arcuatus . . . . 21. diffidens, new species Metapleurum with a group of hairs in its upper hind part, next to the pleural carina, the hairs haiti 6 to 40 or more Ane 180,a-h). TEXANUS GROURA a. cus obese Wet islet: Metapleurum een a eres a nesta in ts caps ean sits entirely hair- less except often for a small group in its upper front corner and rarely one to several hairs scattered on its disc (figs. 18l,a to ies INTEGER GROUPA saan ie Pe pretence
. Sublateral ering carina of eecood ate Ae on nsec 0.25 of
tergite but obsolescent beyond middle of tergite; face black, with a broad vertical yellowish mark next to eye (fig. 178,0). . . 5. . teres, new species Sublateral longitudinal carina of second tergite distinct and sharp the entire length of the tergite; face not colored as above... . Seek BS eee
. Clypeus separated from face by a weak depression; Schicnees on central
part of face separated by about 0.7 their diameter; second tergite about 0.78 as long as wide in male, about 0.65 as long as wide in female.
1. masoni, new species
Clypeus not separated from face by a depression, the clypeus and face making
a continuous convex surface, or sometimes there is a flattening (but not a
concavity) at the juncture of the clypeus and face; punctures on central
part of face subadjacent to separated by about 0.5 their diameter; second
cercite: 0.74: to 0.874 as lONg: AS; WAGE, «nn oq ps) aim iS) case) cedew ayes ee . Front wing 2.9 to 3.5mm.long. ...... . . 7. sapineus, new species Front wing 3.8 to 5.4mm. long... . Cee eee LO
Hairs on metapleurum in a narrow poner end enon the pleural carina, that is narrowed forward to the upper front corner, but not inter- rupted (fig. 180,d); tegula entirely black. . . 4. tegularis, new species
Hairs on metapleurum in a large posterodorsal group beneath the pleural carina that does not reach the upper front corner of metapleurum, some- times also a small separate group of hairs in the upper front corner (figs. 180,b,c,f,h); tegula pale yellow to fulvous... . ater t | iL
Face and clypeus with coarse, subadjacent mince a hone distinct interspaces . . . ... . . 6. densus, new species
Face and clypeus aa tee Soh punctures that are separated by 0.3 to 0.5 their diameter. .. . Siu oe ome lee
. Metapleurum without hairs in ae tee Poe corner aGe 180 Asi) seve
segment of middle tarsus about 1.8 as long as wide in male, about 0.95 as long as wide in female; mandible of female dark brown.
8. texanus (Cresson)
Metapleurum with a group of 12 or more hairs in its upper front corner
(figs. 180,b,c); second segment of middle tarsus about 2.0 or 2.2 as long as
wide in male, about 1.7 or 1.8 as long as wide in female; mandible of female
Mella OF GIONS LL enor She Seay er el a heres eres: ste ste tule cae rag ae
36 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
13. Sublateral longitudinal carina of third tergite strong, extending 0.5 to 0.8 the length of the tergite; front spur of middle tibia about 0.50 as long as hind spur; hind coxa mostly or entirely black, rarely entirely fulvous.
2. costatus (Davis)
Sublateral longitudinal carina of third tergite weak, extending only about 0.25 the length of the tergite; front spur of middle tibia about 0.58 as long as hind spur; hind coxa fulvous. . .. . . . 3. flavifrons (Ashmead)
14. Hind tibia uniformly fulvous or ferruginous, not at all paler at base; face and clypeus of female fulvous, in profile strongly convex below. . . . . . 15
Hind tibia pale yellowish on its basal 0.2+, the rest darker. . . . . . 16
15. Flagellum of male with 29 to 33 segments, of female with 24 to 26 segments; median segments of female flagellum about 1.0 as long as wide; hind tarsus of male ferruginous or fuscoferruginous. . . ll. integer, new species
Flagellum of male with 26 to 27 segments, of female with 19 to 21 segments; median segments of female flagellum about 0.85 as long as wide; hind tarsus
of male stramineous. . . ... . . 12. fusus, new species
16. Face and clypeus black, the files ae a yellow margin on its interantennal projection (fig. 179,d) . Heleae oti . .. . . 13. aquilus, new species
Face and elypeus mostly or Wenchely eaion ortulyous teas suo. shine a lL
LZ. Rront wine 452 GO oc2 MOM ORe. (oN | See ie ele. ee oes ey eireae eat: NUS Front wing 2.6 to 4.0 mm. long. . . . ie Cegtis ae ARE
18. Wrinkling of metapleurum covering Bieout 70 casa OF it area (fig. 181,a); yellow of lower lateral corner of frons reaching just to center of eye emargi- nation; eye of male with short, sparse hairs. . . 9. ejectus, new species
Wrinkling of metapleurum covering about 30 percent of its area (fig. 181,b), yellow of lower lateral corner of frons reaching above center of eye emargi-
nation; eye of male apparently bare. . . . . 10. walleyi, new species 19. Hind coxa fulvous, somewhat darker basally... . age tay ne aN) Hind coxa black or blackish, often somewhat ferruginous 4 realty Re. oil
20. Lower lateral corner of frons of both sexes with a conspicuous yellow (male) or fulvous (female) area that reaches dorsad beyond center of eye emargina- tion; front wing 3.1 t03.3mm.long. . ... . . 15. marlatti (Ashmead)
Lower lateral corner of frons of female (male unknown) with a faint ferrugi- nous area that does not reach center of eye emargination; front wing 2.6 tor2.6 mm long ... . . 16. bradleyi, new species
21. Wrinkles of metapleurum extending teeward of its middle (fig. 181,f); eye inconspicuously hairy, or bare; lower lateral corner of frons yellow.
14. sparsus, new species
Wrinkles of metapleurum restricted to its hind 0.4 (fig. 182,a); eye densely and conspicuously hairy, lower lateral corner of frons blackish.
17. ciliosus, new species
I. TEXANUS GROUP
Head of moderate width; body of moderate proportions; eye with very short sparse hairs or bare; mesopleurum often with fine longi- tudinal or oblique wrinkles near middle coxa; metapleurum without a vertical slot in its hind end, bare of hairs except for a few in its ex- treme upper front corner and a group of hairs of variable number in its upper posterior part, in the hairy area with small punctures, elsewhere polished and with wrinkling of variable extent, the wrin- kling strongest next to hind coxa (figs. 180,a—h) ; median and sublateral
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE ai
carinae of third tergite present basally (indistinct in the species T. teres) but absent beyond its middle (except in 7’. costatus, in which these carinae are somewhat longer) ; fourth tergite without median or sublateral longitudinal carinae except in some males of T. costatus.
This group contains eight known Nearctic species, an undescribed species in the Philippines, and another in Japan. Presumably some of the described European species of the genus belong here also.
1. Trieces masoni, new species Ficure 180,a
Front wing 3.5 to 4.4 mm. long; face about 1.5 as wide as high; with small punctures that are separated by about 0.7 their diameter; face and clypeus in profile weakly convex, with a distinct depression setting off the clypeus; attachment of front tentorial arm outlined as a brownish oval around clypeal fovea and a tail extending dorso- mesad; eye apparently bare; flagellum of male with 29 segments, of female with about 26 segments; metapleurum with coarse wrinkles in its lower half that extend forward for about 0.8 its length, in its upper half with finer irregular wrinkles interspersed with weak punctures, this wrinkled area extending forward about 0.6 the length of metapleurum; hairs on metapleurum numerous, arranged in a broad subrectangular area in its upper hind part and in a small some- what crescentic group in its upper front corner; propodeal spiracle short elliptical, distinctly separated from pleural carina; front spur of middle tibia about 0.60 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus 2.3 as long as wide in male, about 1.6 as long as wide in female; second abdominal tergite about 0.78 as long as wide in male, about 0.65 as long as wide in female, with rather close, subconfluent, oblique punctures; sublateral longitudinal carina on third tergite rather narrow, extending about 0.3 the length of the tergite.
Black. Face except for a median dorsal area or a large median area that is mostly subdorsal or widest dorsally, yellowish white, the interantennal process always broadly bordered with yellowish white; cheek in its front part or entirely, clypeus, and mouth parts, yellowish white; tegula blackish brown, somewhat paler basally; first trochanters apically, second trochanters entirely, and bases of femora brown; tibial spurs pale brown; front leg beyond trochanters light brown, the femur more or less infuscate basally; extreme apices of middle and hind femora stramineous; middle tibia and tarsus light brown, the basal 0.15 of the tibia faintly yellowish; hind tibia light brown basally, blackish brown apically, the basal 0.15 faintly tinged with yellowish; hind tarsus fuscous.
Type: 9, Big Delta, Alaska, June 24, 1951, W. R. M. Mason (Ottawa).
Paratypes: co’, 22, same data as type (Ottawa).
38 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
2. Trieces costatus (Davis)
Ficures 178,m; 180,b
Chorinaeus costatus Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 211; &, 9. Lectotype: 9, New Hampshire (Philadelphia).
Chorinaeus pusillus Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., pe 24 p. Zils a; Q (new synonymy). Lectotype: 9, Washington (Philadelphia).
Front wing 4.0 to 4.9 mm. long; face about 1.3 as wide as high, with moderate sized punctures that are separated by about 0.5 their diameter; face and clypeus in profile moderately convex; attachment of front tentorial arm making a long line dorsomesad from clypeal fovea; eye of male without hairs, of female with very short sparse hairs; mandible of female very slender, with few or no punctures distad of its
Ficure 17.—Localities for T7ri- eces costatus.
basal 0.5, its upper tooth rather elongate and its lower tooth very small (in other species of the genus, the mandible is stouter, punctate to beyond its basal 0.5, and with the two teeth more nearly equal); flagellum of male with about 36 segments, of female with about 32 segments; metapleurum with a broad band of hairs dorsally, which is interrupted near its front end so that there is a small separate patch of about 12 hairs in front upper corner of metapleurum; wrinkles of metapleurum moderately coarse, extending forward nearly to middle of metapleurum; propodeal spiracle elliptic, barely separated from pleural carina; front spur of middle tibia about 0.50 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 2.2 as long as wide in male, about 1.8 as long as wide in female; second abdominal tergite about 0.85 as long as wide in male, about 0.80 as long as wide in female, its punctures of moderate size, close, a little elongate; sublateral longitudinal carina on third tergite extending 0.5 to 0.8 its length, in some males present also on basal part of fourth tergite.
Black. Face, often lower lateral corner of frons, clypeus, cheek, mouth parts, base of tegula, apex of femora, and basal 0.2 of tibiae,
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 39
pale yellow; front and middle trochanters and apex of front and middle coxae usually yellowish; face often with median dorsal spot and crescent next each antennal socket, brown; antenna brown, paler below, the scape and pedicel sometimes yellowish beneath; tegula fulvous, yellow at base; hind coxa black except sometimes at apex; hind femur often brown to black; hind tarsus and often hind first trochanter infuscate; front and middle coxae usually more or less infuscate basally; front and middle femora and trochanters often more or less brownish; legs fulvous except as described otherwise. Rarely the hind coxa is entirely fulvous.
Specimens (13 7, 109): From British Columbia (Robson); California (near Sonora Pass at 8,000 ft.); Colorado; Maine (Lincoln Co., Echo Lake and Great Pond on Mount Desert Isl.); Minnesota (Lake Co.); New Brunswick (Tabusintac); New Hampshire (Randolph); New York (Rock City in Cattaraugus Co.); Quebec (Kazubazua, Knowlton, Laniel, and Wakefield); Vermont (Laurel Lake near Jacksonville); and Washington. Collection dates are from June 26 to August 21, except that a male from Robson, B. C., and a male without locality were taken on May 24.
This species appears to be restricted to the Canadian zone.
3. Trieces flavifrons (Ashmead) Fiaures 178,n; 180,c Chorinaeus flavifrons Ashmead, 1890, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 12, p. 444; 9. Type: 9, Wisconsin (Washington).
Front wing 4.3 to 5.1 mm. long; face about 1.3 as wide as high, with rather small punctures that are separated by about 0.5 their diameter ; face and clypeus in profile moderately convex; attachment of front tentorial arm making a long line dorsomesad from clypeal fovea; eye of male without hairs, of female with very short sparse hairs; flagellum with about 34 segments; metapleurum with a large area of numerous hairs in its upper posterior part, occupying about a third of its area, reaching ventrally to the submetapleural carina, and tapered out anterodorsally; anterodorsal corner of metapleurum with a group of about fourteen hairs; striae of metapleurum fine, rather weak, confined to the hind half of metapleurum; propodeal spiracle elongate, briefly separated from pleural carina; front spur of middle tibia about 0.58 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 2.2 as long as wide in male, about 1.7 as long as wide in female; second abdominal tergite about 0.82 as long as wide in male, about 0.78 as long as wide in female, its punctures rather strong, coarse, and close, with a slight tendency to form longitudinal rows; sublateral longitudinal carina on third tergite weak, extending about 0.3 the length of the tergite.
451582—59—__4
AQ) U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Black. Face, clypeus, front part of cheek, and mandible, pale yellow in male, ferruginous in female, the face of female more or less yellowish dorsally; face with brownish crescent next to each antennal socket; palpi, base of tegula, apex of femora, and basal 0.2 of tibiae, pale yellow; front and middle tarsi basally yellowish; upper face of front and middle tibiae of male entirely yellow; antenna dark brown, a little paler below; tegula fulvous, yellow at base; legs fulvous except as described otherwise; side of abdomen usually tinged with ferruginous, especially in females.
Ficures 18, 19.—Localities: 18 (left), Trieces flavifrons; 19 (right), T. tegularis.
Specimens: 9, Hartford, Conn., May 12, 1894 (Washington). o', South Meriden, Conn., July 12, 1938, Harry L. Johnson (Townes). 29, Fort Collins, Colo., June 15, 1896, and “June,” C. F. Baker (Washington). 9, Lawrence, Kans., June 23, 1900, H. Kahl (Pitts- burg). 9, Riley Co., Kans., July 14 (Townes). co, Van Auken Lake, Van Buren Co., Mich., July 16, 1939, W. H. Burt (Ann Arbor). o', Houston Co., Minn., May 29, 1939, Philip Marvin (St. Paul). 9, Canning, S. Dak., July 15, 1945, H. C. Severin (Townes). 4’, Chester, S. Dak., June 17, 1930, G. I. Gilbertson (Townes). o, Hot Springs, S. Dak., July 14, 1924 (Washington). <o, Milwaukee, Wis., Graenicher (Cambridge). @ (type), Wisconsin (Washington).
This species ranges from Connecticut to South Dakota, south to Colorado and Kansas. Judging from its color, structure, and distri- bution, it probably occurs in rather open dry habitats.
4. Trieces tegularis, new species Fiaur#s 179,a; 180,d Female type: Front wing 3.8 mm. long; face 1.5 as wide as high, its punctures of moderate size, sharp, separated by about 0.25 their diameter; face and clypeus in profile weakly convex; attachment of
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 4]
front tentorial arm visible as a short line extending mesad and a very short stub distovertrad from clypeal fovea; eye apparently bare; flagellum with 22 segments; metapleurum with a narrow area of hairs along its entire upper margin, broader at its hind end, narrowed in front; striae of metapleurum moderately fine, reaching forward to 0.3 the distance from its front edge; propodeal spiracle very short elliptic, distinctly separated from pleural carina; front spur of middle tibia 0.47 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus 1.45 as long as wide; second abdominal tergite 0.75 as long as wide, with moderate-sized, rather close, longitudinal punctures; sublateral carina of third tergite rather weak, extending 0.3 the length of the tergite.
Black. Face, clypeus, and mouth parts yellow, the mandible fulvous with the base brown, the face with its upper 0.2 blackish; tegula entirely blackish; extreme apex of femora, basal 0.2 of tibiae, and tibial spurs stramineous; front femur blackish brown, lighter brown apically and in front; front tibia hght bown; tarsi and middle and hind tibiae dark brown, the segments usually paler apically; legs blackish except as described otherwise.
Type: 9, taken in an area of desert shrub, Leevining, Calif., June 24, 1948, H., M., G., and D. Townes (Washington, USNM 63599).
5. Trieces teres, rew species Ficures 178,0; 180,e
Front wing 3.5 to 4.3 mm. long; face about 1.5 as wide as high, its punctures small and sharp, separated by about 0.8 their diameter; face and clypeus in profile weakly convex; clypeal fovea subcircular, without evident marks around it from attachment of front tentorial arm; eye with very short and sparse hairs; flagellum with 26 segments in male, with about 24 segments in female; metapleurum with num- erous hairs along its upper margin, the hair band very narrow ante- riorly, broader posteriorly; striae of metapleurum rather fine, con- fined to an area near the hind coxal attachment but extending forward just above submetapleural carina; propodeal spiracle elliptic, ad- jacent to pleural carina; front spur of middle tibia about 0.64 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 2.05 as long as wide in male, about 1.85 as long as wide in female; second tergite 0.74 as long as wide in male, about 0.70 as long as wide in female, with medium sized, longitudinal, moderately close punctures; sublateral longitudinal carina of second tergite present and distinct only on basal 0.25 of the tergite, but indicated also at very base of third tergite (in other species of the genus the sublateral longitudinal carina of second tergite extends its entire length); median longitudinal carina extending almost entire length of second tergite and present on basal 0.5 of third tergite.
42 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Black. <A lateral, vertical, elliptical area on each side of face yel- lowish; mouth parts and apical margin of clypeus brown; tegula brown, yellow basally; apex of femora and basal 0.2 of tibiae stra- mineous; coxae, trochanters, and middle and hind femora (except at apex), blackish; front femur (except at apex) brown, darker basally; tibiae except on basal 0.2, and tarsi brown.
Type: 9, Echo Lake, Eldorado Co., Calif., July 14, 1951, W. W. Middlekauff (Berkeley).
Paratypes: o’, Golden, Colo., May 29 (Washington). 9, Green Mt., Golden, Colo., May 24, 1919, L. O. Jackson (Townes). 9, Aweme, Man., May 28, 1925, R. D. Bird (Ottawa).
6. Trieces densus, new species FicureE 180,f
Front wing 3.7 to 3.8 mm. long; face about 1.3 as wide as high, its punctures coarse, sharp, subadjacent; face and clypeus in profile moderately convex; attachment of front tentorial arm visible as a brownish ellipse around clypeal fovea with a linear projection mesad along the clypeal suture; eye apparently bare; flagellum with 28 seg- ments in male, with 26 segments in female; metapleurum with a wedge-shaped group of about 15 hairs in its upper hind part and its upper front corner margined by a small crescentic group of hairs: striae of metapleurum moderately coarse, covering about 0.3 of its area near the hind coxa; propodeal spiracle elliptic, somewhat distant from pleural carina but connected to it by a raised area; front spur of middle tibia about 0.44 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus 2.0 as long as wide in male, 1.7 as long as wide in female; second abdominal tergite 0.87 as long as wide in male, 0.81 as long as wide in female, with close, rather coarse punctures; sublateral longi- tudinal carina of third tergite extending about 0.45 its length.
Ficures 20, 21.—Localities 20 (left), Trieces teres; 21 (right), 7. densus.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 43
Black. Face, lower lateral corner of frons, cheek, clypeus, and mouth parts light yellow; antenna blackish brown, brown below; tegula fulvous, basally pale yellow; apex of front and middle coxae, trochanters, apex of femora, and basal 0.2 of tibiae, pale yellow; hind coxa black, apically fulvous and its extreme apex pale yellow; apex of segments of hind tarsus light brown; legs fulvous except as de- scribed otherwise.
Type: o', Kent Co., Mich., July 11, 1951, R. R. Dreisbach (Dreisbach).
Paratype: 9, Midland Co., Mich., Aug. 5, 1951, R. R. Dreisbach (Dreisbach).
7. Trieces sapineus, new species
Front wing 2.9 to 3.5 mm. long; face about 1.25 as wide as high, its punctures of moderate size, separated by about 0.3 their diameter; face and clypeus in profile moderately convex; attachment of front tentorial arm making a wedge-shaped dark area around clypeal fovea; eye apparently without hairs; flagellum with 25 segments in male, with about 23 segments in female; metapleurum with about 14 hairs arranged in an elongate triangle along its upper hind margin, the hairy area variable in size and in number of hairs; striae of metaple- urum rather fine but sharp, occupying about the posteroventral 0.3 of metapleurum; propodeal spiracle subcircular, its rim confluent with pleural carina; front spur of middle tibia about 0.25 to 0.40 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 2.0 as long as wide in male, about 1.4 as long as wide in female; second abdominal tergite about 0.84 as long as wide in male, about 0.77 as long as wide in female, its punctures rather coarse, subadjacent; sublateral longi- tudinal carina of third tergite sharp on basal 0.35 of tergite.
There is an eastern and a western subspecies, separable on color as indicated in the key.
1, Hind femur fulvous, with a subapical infuscation above; range: Canadian zone east of the 100th meridian. . . . 7a. sapineus sapineus, new subspecies
Hind femur blackish; range: Alaska to Colorado and California. 7b. sapineus litus, new subspecies
7a. Trieces sapineus sapineus, new subspecies Ficures 179,b; 180,g¢
Black. Face, clypeus, cheek, lower lateral corner of frons, mouth- parts, apex of femora, and basal 0.2 of tibiae, pale yellow; antenna reddish brown below; tegula fulvous, yellow at base; hind coxa black, fulvous apically; hind femur somewhat infuscate subapically above; hind tibia and tarsi often weakly infuscate except toward base; legs fulvous except as described otherwise.
44 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Type: 2, Mount Washington, N. H., A. T. Slosson (Washington, USNM 63600).
Paratypes: 9, Midland Co., Mich., Sept. 2, 1944, R. R. Dreisbach (Dreisbach). 9, Houston Co., Minn., June 14, 1910 (St. Paul). 9, Pinkham Notch, N. H., Aug. 23, 1951, H., M., and D. Townes (Townes). 9, Mount Washington, N. H., A. T. Slosson (Philadel- phia). 9, Mount Mitchell, N. C., Aug. 24, 1950, H., M., and D. Townes (Townes). 2, Montigny, Que., June 9, 1941, O. Peck (Ottawa). 9, Quebec Province, June 19, 1895 (Ottawa).
This subspecies occurs in the Canadian zone of eastern North America.
7b. Trieces sapineus litus, new subspecies
Fiaurs 179,c
Black. Head and its appendages sometimes (in the specimens from British Columbia and Washington) colored as in the subspecies sapineus, but often (in the specimens from Alaska, Alberta, and Colorado) these parts yellowish brown rather than pale yellow and the dorsolateral corner of face and a median area on face blackish, or sometimes the face mostly blackish on its dorsal 0.2; antenna brownish beneath; tegula brown, often yellow at base; apex of femora
Ficures 22—24.—Localities: 22 (left), Trieces sapineus sapineus; 23 (center), T. s. litus; 24 (right), T. texanus.
and basal 0.2 of tibiae yellow; coxae blackish, apically paler (especially the front and middle coxae) ; trochanters light brown; front and middle femora (except at apex) light brown to blackish; hind femur blackish; tibiae (except on basal 0.2) and tarsi light brown.
Type: 9, near Estes Park, Colo., June 12, 1948, H., M., G., D., and J. Townes (Washington, USNM 63601).
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 45
Paratypes: 2, Aspen Beach, Alta., Aug. 23, 1944, O. Peck (Ottawa). 9, emerged Aug. 25, 1911, from pupa on Pinus, British Columbia (Ottawa). 9, Leevining, Calif., Apr. 24, 1948, H., M., G., and D. Townes (Townes). 92, near Sonora Pass, 8,500 ft., Calif., July 7, 1948, H., M., G., and D. Townes (Townes). 9, Mica, Wash., July 14, 1918, A. L. Melander (St. Paul). 9, Port Angeles, Mount Pleasant District, Wash., July 16, 1945, R. D. Shenefelt (Madison).
This subspecies occurs in the Canadian zone of western North America.
8. Trieces texanus (Cresson) Fiaures 165,b; 180,h
Exochus teranus Cresson, 1872, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, p. 168; “@”=@. Type: 2, Bosque Co., Tex. (Washington).
Front wing 4.0 to 5.2 mm. long; face about 1.3 as wide as high in male, about 1.4 as wide as high in female; punctures of face rather coarse and dense, separated by about 0.3 their diameter; face and clypeus in profile moderately convex; attachment of front tentorial arm making a long line dorsomesad from clypeal fovea; eye of male almost without hairs, of female with very short, sparse hairs; meta- pleurum with an elongate triangle of hairs in its upper hind portion, without hairs in its upper front corner; striae of metapleurum extend- ing forward nearly or quite to front of metapleurum, but not far dorsad; propodeal spiracle long elliptic, its rim confluent with pleural carina; front spur of middle tibia about 0.38 as long as hind spur; sec- ond segment of middie tarsus about 1.8 as long as wide in male, about 0.95 as long as wide in female; second abdominal tergite about 0.76 as long as wide in male, about 0.74 as long as wide in female, with moderate sized, sharp, separate punctures; sublateral longitudi- nal carina of third tergite extending about 0.4 the length of the tergite.
Black. Face, clypeus, cheek, and mouth parts, yellow, except that mandible of female is brown; face with a small median dorsal area and a crescent next each antennal socket brown; antenna dark brown, paler beneath; tegula fulvous, yellow at base; front and middle legs fulvous, the apex of their femora and basal 0.2 of their tibiae yellow- ish; hind coxa blackish, apically ferruginous; hind trochanters fulvous; hind femur blackish to fulvous; hind tibia and tarsus fulvous or some- times somewhat infuscate, the basal 0.2 of the tibia yellowish.
Specimens: 9, Florida, A. T. Slosson (New York). <7, Sandhills, Medora, Kans., June 29, 1923, R. H. Beamer (Lawrence). 9°, Takoma Park, Md., June 23, 1943, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 4, 39, Moorestown, N. J., June 21, June 30, July 3, and July 12, all in 1939, H. and M. Townes (Townes). o (type), Bosque Co., Tex., G. W. Belfrage (Washington).
46 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Il. INTEGER GROUP
Eye bare or with hair of various lengths and density; metapleurum bare of hairs except often for a very few in its extreme upper front corner and rarely one to three discal hairs of random distribution (figs. 181,a to 182,a). Otherwise similar to the teranus group.
This group includes the nine Nearctic species described below, T. platysoma Townes 1946, from Mexico, and an undescribed species from southern Brazil.
9. Trieces ejectus, new species
Fiaure 181,a
Male type: Front wing 4.2 mm. long; face 1.1 as wide as high, with moderate-sized sharp punctures, their interspaces about 0.5 their diameter; face and clypeus in profile moderately convex; attachment of front tentorial arm visible as a dark curved mark crossing the clypeal fovea, extending a long distance dorsomesad of the fovea and a short distance ventrolaterad; eye with short sparse hairs; flagellum with 31 segments; front spur of middle tibia 0.50 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus 2.25 as long as wide; metapleurum without hairs, with rather close sharp wrinkles that occupy all but its front upper part and its anterior 0.25.
Black. Face, lower lateral part of frons to just below center of eye emargination, cheek, clypeus, front and middle trochanters, and tibial spurs yellowish white; clypeal fovea and attachment of front tentorial arm brown; flagellum brown beneath, blackish brown above; tegula brown with a basal whitish spot; front and middle coxae yellowish white, fulvous basally; front and middle femora fulvous, pale yellow at apex; front and middle tibiae pale fulvous, yellowish
Ficures 25, 26.—Localities: 25 (left), Trieces ejectus; 26 (right), T. walleyt.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 47
white on basal 0.2; front and middle tarsi yellowish white basally, stramineous apically; hind coxa black, its apex fulvous; hind trochan- ters fulvous; hind femur blackish brown, fulvous basally, yellowish on extreme apex; hind tibia yellowish on its basal 0.2, the rest light reddish brown, infuscate dorsally; hind tarsus dark brown.
Type: o', Strawberry Daniel Pass, Wasatch Co., Utah, June 19, 1948, H., M., G., and D. Townes (Washington, USNM 63602).
10. Trieces walleyi, new species Figure 181,b
Front wing 4.2 to 5.2 mm. long; face 1.25 as wide as high, with small subadjacent punctures; face and clypeus in profile strongly convex; attachment of front tentorial arm visible as a dark curved mark crossing the clypeal fovea, extending a long distance dorsomesad from the fovea and a short distance ventrolaterad; eye of male ap- parently bare; eye of female with short sparse hairs; flagellum of type with 26 segments, the flagellum of paratypes broken; front spur of middle tibia about 0.53 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 1.75 as long as wide in male, about 1.1 as long as wide in female; metapleurum without hairs except in its upper front corner, its lower 0.3 with weak coarse wrinkles.
Male: Black. Face, clypeus, lower lateral part of frons to well above center of eye emargination, front part of cheek, mouth parts, and tegula, yellowish white, the tegula tinged with fulvous apically; antenna blackish brown, brown beneath; front and middle trochanters and coxae pale yellow, the coxae fulvous basally; front and middle femora and tibiae fulvous, the femora yellowish at apex and tibiae yellowish white on basal 0.2; tibial spurs yellowish white; tarsi yellowish white basally, brownish apically; hind coxa black, fulvous at extreme apex; hind trochanters fulvous; hind femur blackish, fulvous at base and yellowish at extreme apex; hind tibia light reddish brown, its basal 0.2 stramineous.
Female: Black. Face, clypeus, lower lateral part of frons to well above center of eye emargination, front part of cheek, mouth parts, and tegula, brownish yellow, the tegula tinged with fulvous apically; antenna blackish brown, reddish brown beneath; extreme apex of femora and basal 0.2 of tibiae tinged with yellow, the rest of legs ferruginous with the hind coxa weakly infuscate basally.
Type: 9, reared from Herculia thymetusalis, Kapuskasing, William- son Township, Ont., July 18, 1942 (Ottawa).
Paratypes: co’, same data as type, but emerged July 16, 1942 (Ottawa). 9, reared from Pyralidae, Windigo, Que., emerged 1938 (Ottawa).
48 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
ll. Trieces integer, new species Fieure 181,c
Front wing 3.5 to 3.8 mm. long; face about 1.15 as wide as high, its punctures of moderate size and strength, the interspaces about 0.5 their diameter; face and clypeus in profile strongly convex; attach- ment of front tentorial arm visible as a dark, narrowly lanceolate area around the clypeal fovea; eye apparently without hairs; flagellum with about 31 segments in male and about 25 segments in female; median segments of female flagellum about 1.0 as long as wide; front spur of middle tibia about 0.52 as long as hind spur; second seg- ment of middle tarsus about 2.15 as long as wide in male, about 1.85 as long as wide in female; metapleurum without hairs except for usually a very few in its upper front corner and sometimes one to three scattered on its disc; wrinkles on metapleurum few, moderately strong, occupying the median part of its lower 0.3.
Male: Black. Face, lower lateral corner of frons, front part of cheek, clypeus, and mouth parts, pale yellow; antenna blackish brown, tinged with reddish brown below; tegula dark fulvous to dark brown, pale yellow basally; front and middle coxae pale yellow, fulvous basally; front and middle trochanters pale yellow; apex of front and middle femora and base of front and middle tibia tinged with pale yellow; hind coxa black, ferruginous apically; hind tarsus infuscate brown; legs fulvous except as described otherwise.
Female: Black. Face, front part of cheek, and clypeus fulvous; lower lateral corner of frons yellowish fulvous; mouth parts reddish brown; antenna reddish brown, darker above; tegula dark reddish brown; legs fulvoferruginous, the hind coxa more or less black except apically and the hind femur occasionally brownish.
This species is rather close to the Mexican 7. platysoma Townes, 1946, which differs in having the body a little more depressed, the
Ficure 27.—Localities for Tri- eces integer.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 49
yellow on frons a little more extensive, the hind femur fuscous, and the bases of the tibiae tinged with yellow.
Type: 9, Farmingdale, N. Y., Aug. 11, 1938, H. and M. Townes (Washington, USNM 63603).
Paratypes: o, Holliston, Mass., Aug. 3, N. Banks (Cambridge). o', Cheboygan Co., Mich., July 31, 1930, H. B. Hungerford (Townes). o', Cheboygan Co., Mich., Aug. 8, 1943, R. R. Dreisbach (Dreisbach). o', 2, Clare Co., Mich., Sept. 4, 1950, R. R. Dreisbach (Dreisbach). 9, Gladwin Co., Mich., July 20, 1939, R. R. Dreisbach (Washington). 9, Farmingdale, N. Y., Aug. 7, 1938, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 2, Crabtree Meadows in Yancey Co. at 3,600 ft., N. C., Aug. 21, 1950, H. M., D., and J. Townes (Townes). 9, Hopkinton, R. L., Aug. 31, 1946, M. Townes (Townes). oo’, 9, Kingston, R. I., Aug. 11, 1946, M. Townes (Townes). 2c’, Saskatoon, Sask., Aug. 5, 1925, and Aug. 17, 1926, Kenneth M. King (Ottawa). 39.7, flying over blackberry (Rubus) tangles, Skyline Drive, Va., Aug. 5, 1945, H. and M. Townes (‘Townes).
This species appears to occur among scattered oaks, in the Alle- ghenian fauna. Adults occur during the last half of summer.
12. Trieces fusus, new species
Ficure 181,d
Front wing 3.3 to 3.8 mm. long; flagellum with 26 or 27 segments in male, with about 20 segments in female; flagellum of female unusually short and fusiform, its median segments about 0.85 as long as wide; metapleurum without discal hairs in any of the specimens at hand.
Antenna of male dark brown, stramineous below, the scape and pedicel almost clear pale yellow below; hind femur of female ferru- ginous to brown, usually tinged with brown; hind tarsus of male stramineous.
Structure and color similar to that of Zirieces integer, except as described above.
Type: 9, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Aug. 2, 1936, H. Townes (Wash- ington, USNM 63604).
Paratypes: 29, Holliston, Mass., August 3 and 5, N. Banks (Cam- bridge). 9, Woods Hole, Mass. (Cambridge). 9, Itasca Park, Minn., September 1927, S. Garthside (Washington). 29, Moorestown, N. J., Aug. 6, 1939, H. and M. Townes (Townes). o’, Ithaca, N. Y., July 23, 1939, P. P. Babiy (Townes). 9, Toronto, Ont., Aug. 10, 1896, D. G. Cox (Washington). o, Spring Brook, Pa., July 11, 1945, H. Townes (Townes).
This is a species of the Alleghenian fauna. Adults occur during the last half of summer.
50 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
13. Trieces aquilus, new species Ficures 179,d; 181,e
Female type: Front wing 2.8 mm. long; face 1.05 as wide as high, with coarse strong punctures, their interspaces about 0.2 their di- ameter; face and clypeus in profile rather weakly curved; clypeal fovea and attachment of front tentorial arm not distinct; eye ap- parently without hairs; flagellum with 20 segments; front spur of middle tibia 0.35 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus 1.6 as long as wide; metapleurum without hairs, with close sharp wrinkles in its lower 0.25.
Ficures 28-30.—Localities: 28 (left), Trieces fusus; 29 (center), 7’. aquilus; 30 (right), T. Sparsus
Black. Interantennal process broadly margined with yellowish white; mandible mostly yellowish white; palpi stramineous; flagellum blackish brown, brown below; tegula brown with a yellowish basal spot; hind coxa dark brown; hind femur dark brown, its base and apex light brown; basal 0.2 of tibiae pale yellowish; legs light brown except as described otherwise.
Type: 9, Highlands, N. C., Oct. 13, 1941, H. and M. Townes (Washington, USNM 63605).
14. Trieces sparsus, new species
Figure 181,f
Front wing 2.8 to 4.0 mm. long; face about 1.1 as wide as high, its punctures small and rather sharp, their interspaces about 0.5 their diameter; face and clypeus in profile moderately convex; attachment of front tentorial arm visible as a dark area surrounding clypeal fovea and with a short appendage extending dorsomesad; eye of male bare, of female with rather sparse short hairs; flagellum of male
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE ol
with about 31 segments, of female with about 21 segments; front spur of middle tibia about 0.50 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 2.0 as long as wide in male, about 1.5 as long as wide in female; metapleurum without hairs, with an area of close sharp wrinkles occupying the central part of its lower 0.4.
Black. Face, lower lateral corner of frons to just below center of eye emargination, front part of cheek, clypeus, and mouthparts, pale yellow in male, stramineous in female; flagellum blackish brown, tinged with reddish brown beneath; tegula fulvous brown with a basal pale yellow spot; legs light fulvous, the front and middle coxae apically, front and middle trochanters, apex of front and middle femora, base of front and middle tibiae, and the front and middle tarsi, stramineous; hind coxa blackish, fulvous apically; hind tro- chanters fulvous; hind femur reddish brown to blackish brown, the extreme apex and the basal 0.12 to 0.6 fulvous brown; hind tibia whitish on its basal 0.2, the rest light fulvous brown, infuscate dor- _sally; hind tarsus infuscate brown.
Type: 9, Elizabethtown, N. C., April 25, H. Townes (Washington, USNM 63606).
Paratypes: 30<, 49 from Connecticut (Sterling and Voluntown); Minnesota (Washington Co.); Massachusetts (Auburndale and Hol- liston); New York (Ithaca, Rock City in Cattaraugus Co., and West Danby): North Carolina (Mount Pisgah at 4,800 to 5,300 ft.); Ohio (Summit Co.); Pennsylvania (Spring Brook); Rhode Island (Kings- ton); South Carolina (McClellanville); and Vermont (Manchester and Mount Equinox). There are 10 collection dates from June 3 to 26 in various localities, other dates are: April 25 at Elizabethtown, N. C.; May 12 and 14 at McClellanville, S. C.; May 25 at Ithaca, N. Y.; May 30 at West Danby, N. Y.; August 8 at Sterling, Conn.; Aug. 11 at Kingston, R. I.; and August 25 at Spring Brook, Pa.
This species occurs from the Canadian to the Lower Austral zone in eastern North America. There seems to be a late spring brood of adults that lasts through June, and a second brood that occurs in August.
15. Trieces marlatti (Ashmead) Figure 181,g
Chorinaeus marlatti Ashmead, 1896, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 200; ?. Type: 2, Riley Co., Kans. (Washington).
Front wing 3.1 to 3.3 mm. long; face about 1.05 as wide as high, with small sharp punctures, their interspaces about 0.5 their diam- eter; face and clypeus in profile moderately convex; attachment of front tentorial arm visible as a dark area surrounding clypeal fovea and with a linear appendage extending dorsomesad; eye with rather
5y4 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
long, moderately dense hairs; flagellum with 32 segments in male, with about 25 segments in female; front spur of middle tibia about 0.53 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus 2.5 as long as wide in male, about 1.5 as long as wide in female; metapleurum with a few hairs in its upper front corner, elsewhere bare, its wrinkles rather fine, occupying the lower hind third of its area. |
Black. Male face, cheek, clypeus, and mouth parts, ivory; female face, cheek, clypeus, and mouth parts fulvous, the mandible some- what darker; lower lateral part of frons of both sexes to well above center of eye emargination yellowish; antenna blackish brown, in male tinged with stramineous below, in female brown below; tegula brown with a yellow basal spot; legs fulvous, the front and middle tibiae basally yellowish and basal 0.2 of hind tibia pale yellow; front and middle coxae and trochanters of male pale yellow, the coxae fulvous basally; front and middle tarsi of male and apex of front and middle femora of male pale yellow.
Specimens: ? (type), Riley Co., Kans., C. L. Marlatt (Washington). o', found in pitcher of Sarracenia flava, Raleigh, N. C., May 11, 1939, D. L. Wray (Townes). 9, Southern Pines, N. C., Oct. 31, 1950, H. Townes (Townes). 9, Hopkinton, R. I., Aug. 3, 1946, M. Townes (Townes).
16. Tricces bradleyi, new species
Fieure 181,h
Female: Front wing 2.6 to 2.8 mm. long; face about 1.1 as wide as high, with moderate sized weak punctures, their interspaces about 0.3 their diameter; face and clypeus in profile moderately convex; attachment of front tentorial arm visible as a dark area around clypeal fovea and a short appendage extending dorsomesad; eye with
Ficures 31-33.—Localities: 31 (left), Trieces marlatti; 32 (center), T. bradleyi; 33 (right), T. ciliosus.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 53
rather long, moderately dense hairs; flagellum with about 21 seg- ments; front spur of middle tibia about 0.50 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 1.7 as long as wide; meta- pleurum with a few hairs in its upper front corner, the rest bare, with rather strong radiating wrinkles in its lower 0.3.
Black. Face, clypeus, tegula, and legs light brownish fulvous, the tibiae basally a little paler and the hind coxa sometimes basally brownish; mandible and antenna brown; palpi stramineous.
Type: 9, Casco, Maine, Aug. 13, 1944, J. C. Bradley (Washington, USNM 63607).
Paratypes: 2, Cabin John, Md., R. M. Fouts (Washington). @, Bemus Point, N. Y., Aug. 21, 1937, H. Townes (Townes).
17. Trieces ciliosus, new species
Ficure 182,a
Front wing 2.8 to 3.0 mm. long; face about 0.95 as wide as high, its punctures coarse and subadjacent; face and clypeus in profile weakly convex; attachment of front tentorial arm visible as a dark circle around clypeal fovea with a short, linear, dorsomesal appendage; eye with long, rather dense hairs; flagellum with about 25 segments; front spur of middle tibia about 0.52 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus 2.0 as long as wide in male, about 1.25 as long as wide in female; metapleurum with a few hairs in its upper front corner, elsewhere bare, with rather fine, short, radiating wrinkles next to its coxal attachment.
Black. Face, front part of cheek, clypeus, and mouth parts, pale yellow; antenna blackish brown, a little paler below; front and middle legs brownish fulvous, their tibiae basally pale yellow; hind coxa and femur dark brown, the coxa at apex and the femur at base and apex pale brown; hind trochanters pale brown; hind tibia and tarsus brown, the basal 0.2 of hind tibia whitish.
Type: 9, Hyattsville, Md., Oct. 7, 1888, T. Pergande (Washington, USNM 63608).
Paratypes: o', Takoma Park, Md., Sept. 24, 1944, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 9, Falls Church, Va., July 21, 1920, William Middleton (Washington).
III. DENTATUS GROUP
Head of moderate width; body rather elongate; attachment of front arm of tentorium visible as a long arched line extending from clypeal fovea ventrolaterally and farther dorsomedially along the clypeal suture; eye with short, sparse hairs; mesopleurum in its lower hind corner with a weak, wedge-shaped ripple but without sharp wrinkles (figs. 182,b,c); metapleurum without a vertical pit in its hind end.
54 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
often with a continuous band of hairs along its upper edge, the hairs arising from very fine punctures, elsewhere the metapleurum polished, below the middle with broad gentle rippling, over base of hind coxa smooth and gently convex; median and sublateral longitudinal carinae of third tergite nearly reaching apex of tergite; fourth tergite with median and sublateral longitudinal carinae present basally.
Two Nearctic and two unidentified Neotropic species of this group are before us. The Neotropic species comprise one from Costa Rica and another from Guatemala, British Guiana, and Argentina. The two Nearctic species are treated below.
18. Trieces calvatus, new species FicgurEe 182,b
Front wing 3.5 to 4.2 mm. long; face in profile weakly convex, its punctures rather coarse and strong, their interspaces about 0.25 their diameter; flagellum with about 29 segments in male, with about 24 segments in female; third segment of maxillary palpus about 3.0 as long as wide; prepectal carina continuing dorsally till it reaches front edge of mesopleurum; lateral carina of scutellum not projecting beyond apex of scutellum to form a tooth; metapleurum with about six strong, straight, sublongitudinal rugae, without hairs; front spur of middle tibia about 0.42 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 2.0 as long as wide in male, about 1.33 as long as wide in female; median and sublateral longitudinal carinae of fourth tergite extending about half the length of tergite; sublateral carina on third tergite weakly curved.
Black. Face, side of frons, clypeus, and mouth parts, yellow tinged with fulvous; antenna fulvous brown, paler below and basally; tegula fulvous, yellow at base; legs fulvous, the extreme apex of femora, basal
Ficures 34, 35.—Localities: 34 (left), Trieces calvatus; 35 (right), 7. dentatus.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 55
0.23 of tibiae, tibial spurs, and front and middle coxae and trochanters of male, yellowish, the hind coxa and femur reddish brown to black; abdomen ferruginous on apical part of fifth tergite and on sixth and following segments.
Type: 2, Glen Echo, Md., July 1925, R. M. Fouts (Washington, USNM 63609).
Paratypes: 9, Takoma Park, Md., Aug. 25, 1943, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 9, Marion, N. C., Aug. 29, 1950, H., M., and D. Townes (Townes). 9, Wake Co., N. C., July 1, 1951, H. and M. Townes (Townes). o, Devils River, Tex., May 6, 1907, F. C. Bishopp (Washington).
19. Trieces dentatus, new species
Figure 182,c
Front wing 4.4 to 5.2 mm. long; face in profile weakly convex, its punctures coarse and strong, their interspaces about 0.25 their dia- meter; flagellum with about 39 segments in male, with about 34 seg- ments in female; third segment of maxillary palpus about 1.6 as long as wide in male, about 1.3 as long as wide in female; dorsal part of prepectal carina absent, the carina not reaching front edge of meso- pleurum; lateral carina of scutellum projecting beyond apex of scutel- lum to form an acute tooth; metapleurum almost smooth except for a prominent juxtacoxal carina, with a band of numerous hairs along its upper margin, the hairs arising from minute punctures; front spur of middle tibia about 0.46 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 1.9 as long as wide in male, about 1.15 as long as wide in female; median and sublateral longitudinal carinae extending entire length of fourth tergite, in male present also on fifth tergite; sublateral carina on third tergite weakly curved.
Black. Face, side of frons, clypeus, cheek, and mouth parts, yellow tinged with fulvous, the palpi pale yellow; antenna brown, paler be- neath, the under side of scape pale fulvous; tegula fulvous, yellow at base; legs fulvous, the extreme apex of femora, basal 0.23 of tibiae, and tibial spurs, yellowish; tinges on front and middle coxae and trochanters of male yellow; abdomen ferruginous on sixth and follow- ing segments, the sixth tergite basally infuscate, especially in males. In one female specimen the thorax is ferruginous rather than black, and the abdomen is tinged with ferruginous.
Type: 9, Farmingdale, N. Y., July 26, 1938, H. and M. Townes (Washington, USNM 63610).
Paratypes: 29, Takoma Park, Md., Aug. 12, 1943, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 92, Eastport, N. Y., July 23, 1938, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 39, Farmingdale, N. Y., July 17, July 29, and August 21, allin 1938, H. and M. Townes (Townes). <7”, 9, Constance
451582—59 5
56 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Bay, Ont., June 18, 1935, F. A. Urquhart (Ottawa). <, Constance Bay, Ont., Aug. 17, 1933, G.S. Walley (Ottawa). 29, Constance Bay, Ont., July 20, 1933, and Aug. 8, 1935, G. S. Walley (Ottawa). o, “Cynthia Township,’ emerged in incubator from Geometridae, Apr. 4, 1947 (Ottawa). o, “Law Township,” emerged in incubator from Geometridae, Apr. 11, 1947 (Ottawa). o, ‘Petit Lac Travers,” emerged in incubator from Geometridae, Apr. 3, 1941 (Ottawa). 9, Westerly, R. I., Aug. 22, 1946, M. Townes (Townes).
This species occurs in the Carolinian fauna. It has been reared three times from geometrids.
IV. ONITIS GROUP
Head wide to very wide; body moderately short; eye with short sparse hairs; mesopleurum in its lower hind corner with fine longi- tudinal wrinkles; metapleurum with a vertical slotlike pit in its hind end, broadly hairy along its upper margin, rather sharply punctate in the hair band, and with sharp longitudinal wrinkles except in its upper front third (fig. 182,d); median and sublateral carinae of third tergite present basally but absent beyond its middle; fourth tergite without median or sublateral longitudinal carinae.
We have seen four species of this group, the three Nearctic species treated below and an undescribed species from the mountains of northern Luzon in the Philippines.
20. Trieces arcuatus, new species FicurE 182,d
Front wing 4.2 to 5.9 mm. long; face about 1.6 as wide as high; face and clypeus in profile with an unbroken, evenly convex surface; middle half of apical margin of clypeus truncate or weakly convex; flagellum
Ficure 36.—Localities for Trieces arcuatus.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 57
with about 36 segments in male, with about 40 segments in female; front spur of middle tibia about 0.34 as long as hind spur in male, about 0.48 as long as hind spur in female; second segment of middle tarsus about 2.05 as long as wide in male, about 1.85 as long as wide in female.
Both sexes colored as in J’. onitis, except that the female mandible is yellow.
Type: 9, Takoma Park, Md., July 17, 1943, H. and M. Townes (Washington USNM 63611).
Paratypes: co’, Pierson, Man., July 3, 1927, H. J. Brodie (Ottawa). 9, Takoma Park, Md., June 20, 1943, H. and M. Townes (Townes). o', Rock City in Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., June 9, 1915 (Washington). 9, Rocky Mount, N. C., June 21, 1951, H. Townes (Townes). of, Spring Brook, Pa., May 24, 1945, H. Townes (Washington). <4, Black Pond in Fairfax Co., Va., June 19, 1919, William Middleton (Washington).
This species occurs in the Alleghenian and Carolinian faunas.
21. Trieces diffidens, new species
Front wing 3.7 to 4.5 mm. long; face about 1.6 as wide as high; face and clypeus in profile with an unbroken, evenly convex surface, or slightly flattened below; middle half of apical margin of clypeus faintly (most males) to distinctly (females) concave; flagellum with about 33 segments in male, with about 32 segments in female; front spur of middle tibia about 0.36 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus about 1.5 as long as wide in male, about 1.4 as long as wide in female.
Both sexes colored as in 7. onitis, except that the female mandible is yellow.
Ficures 37, 38.—Localities: 37 (left), Trieces diffidens; 38 (right), T. onitis.
58 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Type: 9, southern New Jersey, 1895, Chas. Liebeck (Washington, USNM 63612).
Paratypes: 9, Steamboat Springs, Colo., July, C. F. Baker (Wash- ington). 7, reared from Tetralopha sp. on Fagus, Bar Harbor, Maine, host collected Sept. 10, 1945, parasite emerged Mar. 27, 1946 (Wash- ington). 9, Takoma Park, Md., May 31, 1942, H. and M. Townes (Townes). o, Fall River, Mass., July 3, 1908, N.S. Easton (Cam- bridge). o, Bemus Point, N. Y., June 19, 1937, H. Townes (‘Townes). 2, Heart Lake in Essex Co., N. Y., June 28, 1940, H. Dietrich (Ithaca). o', Mattituck, N. Y., Aug. 10, 1946, Roy Lathan (Washington). o&', reared from Psilocorsis fletcherella, Deux Riviéres, Ont., 1945 (Ottawa). 9, Swansea near Toronto, Ont., July 30, 1938, H. S. Parish (Townes). o',reared from Psilocorsis fletcherella, Temiskaming, Ont., 1945 (Ottawa). 9, Aylmer, Que., May 18, 1934, G. S. Walley (Ottawa). 2, Hull, Que., May 30 and 31, 1903 (Ottawa). 9, no data (Ottawa).
This species is widespread in the Transition zone from the Atlantic Coast to Colorado.
22. Trieces onitis (Davis) Figure 179,e
Chorinaeus onitis Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 210; &, 9. Lectotype: 9 Mount Washington, N. H. (Philadelphia).
Front wing 4.8 to 5.5 mm. long; face 1.89 as wide as high in male, 1.91 to 2.25 as wide as high in female; face in profile strongly bulged above clypeus; middle half of apical margin of clypeus strongly concave; flagellum of the single male specimens broken, in female specimens with about 30 segments; front spur of middle tibia about 0.47 as long as hind spur; second segment of middle tarsus of male 2.0 as long as wide, of female about 1.05 as long as wide.
Male: Black. Face, clypeus, cheek, lower part of temple, large ventrolateral area on frons, mouth parts, front and middle legs except for fulvous tinge on femora behind, apex of hind coxa beneath, tinge on hind trochanters, tinge on apex of hind femur, basal 0.25 of hind tibia, and tibial spurs, pale yellow; antenna brown, pale yellow beneath but shading to light brown toward apex; tegula yellow, reddish brown apically; hind coxa blackish except apically beneath; hind leg beyond coxa fulvous except where described as yellow.
Female: Black. Face, clypeus, cheek, lower part of temple, large ventrolateral area on frons, mouth parts except mandible, under side of scape and pedicel, apex of femora, and basal 0.2 of tibiae, pale yellow; mandible light brown to dark brown; flagellum reddish brown, paler below; tegula dark brown; legs fulvous except where described
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 59
as yellow, the middle coxa infuscate basally, the hind coxa blackish except at apex, and front and middle trochanters and apex of front and middle coxae more or less tinged with pale yellowish. Sometimes the ground color of the legs is brownish rather than fulvous.
Specimens: 9, Baldur, Man., June 23, 1924, R. D. Bird (Ottawa). o', 29, (lectotype and paratypes), Mount Washington, N. H., A. T. Slosson (Philadelphia). o, Mount Washington, N. H., A. T. Slosson (New York). 9, Mount Washington, N. H., June 15, Nelson (Cambridge).
5. Genus Hemimetopius FiaurkE 166,a
Hemimetopius Benoit, 1955, Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, ser 8, vol. 36, p. 344. Type: Hemimetopius kayoveanus Benoit; original designation.
Front wing about 5 mm. long; front spur of middle tibia about 0.8 as long as hind spur; thorax in dorsal view pyriform, somewhat swollen anteriorly; pronotum dorsally roundly curved toward its dorsal margin, except that there is a broad, faint impression near its margin; scutellum quadrate, a little wider than long, its lateral carina strong and produced apically as in the genus Metopius; mesopleural suture absent; posterior transverse carina of mesosternum complete, not interrupted in front of the middle coxae (this carina incomplete in all other Metopiinae); metapleurum with fine setiferous punctures all over, without sharp wrinkles; second tergite with a sharp median longitudinal carina, without a distinct sublateral carina; third tergite with a fine sharp median longitudinal carina, without a sublateral carina. Structure otherwise as described for Chorinacus.
This is an Ethiopian genus. Two species were described by Benoit in 1955 and a specimen from Nigeria that appears to represent a third species is in the U.S. National Museum. This specimen was used for the generic description above and for preparing the figure.
6. Genus Metopius
Front wing 6 to 16 mm. long; body punctation coarse and strong; face with most of its surface occupied by a flat or concave escutcheon- shaped area that is bounded by a carina; interantennal process of face variously shaped, according to the subgenus; temple moderately short to very short, convex to flat; occipital carina present above, the rest present or absent according to the subgenus; cheek short; mandible with its lower tooth much smaller than its upper tooth or sometimes lacking; flagellum moderately slender to thickened, often somewhat flattened, long to rather short; upper margin of pronotum not thick- ened or slightly thickened; propleurum moderately convex; scutellum short, transverse, dorsolaterally with a winglike flange that extends
60 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
apically as a prominent point; areolet present, large; nervulus opposite basal vein to beyond it by about 0.3 its length; nervellus broken above the middle; prepectal carina various, according to the subgenus; sternaulus a long, broad groove; metapleurum covered with coarse punctures, or rarely the punctures are very sparse; propodeal carinae as in figures 166,b to 169,b; propodeal spiracle a long slit; suture between second trochanter and femur of front and middle legs obso- lete; middle tibia with one spur; hind tibia with two spurs; front and middle tarsal claws pectinate or apparently simple; hind tarsal claws apparently simple; abdomen usually parallel-sided, strongly punctate, usually strongly convex above; first tergite quadrate, usually stout, its spiracle near its basal 0.25, its median longitudinal carinae and sublateral carinae extending to its apex, usually strong; second tergite often with a short weak sublateral carina; third to fifth tergites occasionally with a thin median carina; epipleura of all exposed tergites large and separated from tergite by a crease; eighth and following tergites of male retracted; seventh and following tergites of female retracted; female sixth sternite a large unspecialized sclerite.
This genus is worldwide in distribution and contains a rather large number of species. Collectors, however, consider Metopius to be among the rarest of the ichneumon flies and very few persons have ever found a species common. On one occasion we found Metopius mimicus abundant, and we have sometimes taken more than one specimen of Metopius aanthostigma and M. krombeini krombeini in a day. Except for these three our catches of Nearctic species have been only occasional and sporadic.
Metopius adults frequent relatively dry, open places, and cruise at about 0.5 to 3 meters height, at the tops of weeds or bushes, or along the outside edges of woods, much in the manner of a Humenes or other eumenine wasps. In coloration they mimic wasps, particu- larly eumenine wasps. In many species the resemblance is heightened by the front third of the front wing being darker (to mimic the longi- tudinally folded front wing of the Vespidae). In flight the end of the abdomen is curled downward as in Humenes. In the field, the longer antennae is the most conspicuous character that identifies them as ichneumonids. When captured, all the species (so far as observed) give a high-pitched, wasp-like buzz. Metopius and Alomya are the only ichneumonids known to buzz like this.
Beginning with Clément (1930, Konowia, vol. 8, pp. 325-437), there has been a tendency to divide Metopius into subgenera. In some ways these subgenera are more like species groups, but since the tradition of calling them subgenera seems to be established, it is con- tinued in this paper, and expanded by the erection of two new sub- genera.
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 61
Key to the subgenera of Metopius
1. Lower tooth of mandible absent or present, when present attached to lower outer edge of upper tooth, not or weakly impressed inward toward mouth; interantennal process of face compressed and with a median carina except in some non-Nearctic species of the subgenus Metopius . . . Sere?
Lower tooth of mandible present, impressed inward toward seer. so iret it is not on lower outer edge of upper tooth; interantennal process of face with- out a median carina; margin of clypeus not reflexed or raised from base of Paboruny #.,63 67. He oti:
2. Second recurrent vein ay 2 full Ge 166 ia lee aeaey = process project- ing forward a little to form a compressed tubercle at top of face (fig. 166,b), lower tooth of mandible basad of upper tooth by about 1.3 the basal width of upper tooth, hind femur about 4 times as long as deep (fig. 166,b). Palaearctic’ . 2... . .. . IL. Peltocarus
Second recurrent vein at 1 pull, or prarelaa sat 2; interantennal process not projecting forward (figs. 167,a, and 168,a,b); ere tooth of mandible absent, or if present basad of upper tooth by more than 1.5 the basal width of upper tooth; hind femur about 3 times as long as neh (figs. 167,a, MGare yates). =} See ee ene
3. Occipital carina eientine below Jew. al of nae | of sonemien magnum, in the majority of cases complete to the hypostomal carina; flagellum not short and blunt, its wider segments 1.2 to 1.85 as wide as long (fig. 167,a); lower tooth of mandible often present but small; claws of front and middle tarsi apparently simple, or sometimes pectinate on their basal 0.3. Holarctie, Oriental, and Australian. .. . ... . . 2 Metopius
Occipital carina absent below evel of eenie: a ena magnum; flagellum thick and blunt, the wider segments 2.0 to 3.0 as wide as long (figs. 168,a,b); lower tooth of mandible entirely absent; claws of front and middle tarsi pectinate on basal 0.3 to 0.65, or pectinate throughout. Nearctic.
3. Cultrarius
4. Prepectal carina turned weakly forward above sternaulus, gradually approach- ing front edge of mesopleurum but ending well separated from it (fig. 167,b); interantennal process strongly concave and with wide raised lateral flanges. Neotropie and Nearctic. . . . .... . 4 Peltales
Prepectal carina turned sharply aoe oe Apane esteem abr ete approach- ing front edge of mesopleurum, then closely paralleling it (fig. 169,a,b); interantennal process flat, convex, or concave, without Pitta lateral
flanges ... : een 5. Frons with a meiien amen icine is ounces is upper end of inter- antennal process of face. Holarectic. . .. . yas ©. Ds Lylopius
Frons with a separate median horn or conipessedl tooth which is connected with upper end of interantennal process of face by aridge. Palaearctic and erentAns ©, gees Ste Mare LL Oh ie, Ret he me, od 6: Geratepius
1. Subgenus Peltocarus Figure 166,b
Peltocarus Thomson, 1887, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 31, p. 196. Type: Peltocarus croceicornis Thomson; designated by Viereck, 1914.
Clémontia Michener, 1941, Pan-Pacific Ent. vol 17, p. 2; new synonymy. Type: Ichneumon micratorius Fabricius; original designation.
Facial shields omewhat escutcheon-shaped, but the sides converging ventrally and continued across the bottom in a parabolic curve and
62 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
the upper margin broadly pointed medially, where the interantennal process runs down into the shield as a ridgelike tubercle; interantennal process prominent, compressed, produced a little forward and running into upper corner of facial shield; margin of clypeus projecting well beyond base of labrum, truncate medially, curved at the lateral corners; mandible with two teeth, the lower tooth not impressed and basad of the upper tooth by only about 1.3 the basal width of upper tooth; maxilla and labrum short; temple moderately wide and weakly convex; occipital carina moderately close to foramen magnum, com- plete; prepectal carina ending a little dorsad of sternaulus; second recurrent vein with two bullae; hind femur about 4.0 as long as wide; tarsal claws apparently simple; first tergite in profile with a flat dorsal face and slightly concave anterodorsal face, the two faces meeting in a distinct hump; male clasper convex, without a lateral ridge. This subgenus occurs in the western Palaearctic, whence Clément (1930, Konowia, vol. 8, pp. 335-346) has recorded seven species.
Ichneumon micratorius Fabricius, the genotype of Clémontia, has usually been determined as a species of the subgenus Tylopius. We have studied the type in Fabricius’ collection (Kiel) and find that it is not micratorius of authors but the same as Metopius (Peltocarus) dentatus Fabricius as interpreted by Clément (1930, Konowia, vol. 8, p. 340).
2. Subgenus Metopius
FicureE 167,a
Metopius Panzer, 1806, Kritische Revision der Insektenfaune Deutschlands. . . , vol. 2, p. 78. Type: Sphex vespoides Scopoli; designated by Viereck, 1912.
Peltastes Illiger, 1807, in Rossi, Fauna Etrusca, ed. 2, vol. 2, p. 55. Typ : (Ichneumon necatorius Fabricius) =vespoides (Scopoli); designated by Curt 1824.
Peltopius Clément, 1930, Konowia, vol. 8, p. 347. Type: (Sphex) Metopius vespoides (Scopoli); original designation.
Facial shield escutcheon-shaped, its upper edge arcuate, its basal point present or absent, sometimes acuminate; interantennal process compressed and forming or surmounted by a median longitudinal ridge, except in a few non-Nearctic species in which the interantennal process is in the form of a short broad triangle without a median ridge; interantennal process continuous dorsally with a sharply com- pressed tubercle in middle of frons, or separated from this tubercle so that the tubercle forms an independant horn; clypeus broad, its margin almost straight, distinctly reflexed and elevated away from base of labrum; lower tooth of mandible absent or present, when present not or weakly impressed, basad of the apex of upper tooth by at least 1.5 basal width of upper tooth; galea and glossa short; temple
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 63
convex to flat; occipital carina very close to or distant from foramen magnum, extending ventrally to below center of foramen magnum and often complete to the hypostomal carina; prepectal carina, if complete above, angled strongly forward just above sternaulus almost to reach front edge of mesopleurum, then paralleling front edge of mesopleurum to near subtegular ridge; second recurrent vein with one bulla; hind femur about three times as long as deep; tarsal claws on front and middle tarsi apparently simple, or pectinate on basal 0.3; first tergite in profile various, weakly rounded to pyramidally elevated with a straight dorsal face and straight or somewhat concave antero- dorsal face; male clasper convex, without a lateral ridge.
This subgenus is of almost worldwide distribution. Clément (1930, Konowia, vol. 8, pp. 347-365) treats nine Palaearctic species under the subgeneric name Peltopius; and Metopius (Metopius) velutinus Clément, 1929, also appears to be correctly placed in the subgenus Metopius. Metopius rufus Cameron, 1905, and Metopius browni Ashmead, 1906, are representatives of a distinct Indo-Australian species group which we consider a part of the subgenus Metopius. Metopius femoratus Cresson, 1874, from Mexico also belongs in this subgenus. We have two unidentified species of the subgenus from Africa, and there are six Nearctic species, as treated below.
All the Nearctic species have certain characters in common which are enumerated here to escape the need to cite them under the individual species. Facial shield ventrally rounded or subtruncate; temple moderately convex; occipital carina moderately close to fora- men magnum, complete below; prepectal carina complete above; flagellum of moderate thickness, its wider segments about 1.7 as wide as long.
Key to the Nearctic species of the subgenus Metopius
1. Lower tooth of mandible present as a distinct, though small projection . . 2
Lower tooth of mandible absent ... . SONAL nian: Ae
2. First tergite in side view pyramidal above, the fernite eae 1. 2 as oes as high;
front wing 11 to14mm.long .. . ef aieiert » b. nobustus Cresson
First tergite in side view rounded above, he tergite about 1.35 to 1.6 as long
as high; front wing 6to 11 mm.long. .. . : ap etigs CAM iO
3. Third tergite about 0.90 as long as wide; aaiciites on meso- ne metapleura
moderately coarse; apicolateral angles Br tergites a little less dintinct; front
wang? to 11 mm ongie 2 ou: . . . . .2. mimicus, new species
Third tergite about 0.75 as long as w Te. apes on meso- and metapleura
very coarse; apicolateral angles of ectine a little more distinct; front wing
6,to 8 mm:long .. .4. . . . . 3. krombeini, new species
4. Yellow on second to fourth Dates medanile narrow, sublaterally extending forward almost to reach front margin of tergite (fig. 184,b)
5. galbaneus, new species
Yellow on second to fourth tergites of rather even width, wide, narrow, or some-
times absent from second tergite, but not narrow medially and almost
reaching front margin sublaterally (figs. 183,2,h; 184,a,c) . ...... 5
64 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
5. Yellow markings occupying narrow apical margin of second tergite (or some- times lacking from this tergite), broader apical margin of third tergite, and all but base of fourth tergite (figs. 183,g,h, 184,a); first tergite about 0.78
asilong as wide’ = «.. . . . .4. pulchellus Cresson Yellow markings occupying eal ee oF sueandt to fourth tergites (fig. 184,c); first tergite about 0.70 as long as wide . .6. vittatus, new specie:
1. Metopius (Metopius) robustus Cresson
Front wing 11 to 14 mm. long; punctures on facial shield moderately large but irregular in size, strong, their interspaces about 0.3 their diameter; lower tooth of mandible small but quite distinct; punctures on mesopleurum coarse, very strong, subadjacent; punctation of metapleurum similar to that of mesopleurum but a little coarser; first tergite about 0.68 as long as wide, in profile pyramidal above, 1.2 as long as high; third tergite about 0.82 as long as wide; seventh tergite of male and sixth tergite of female with a blunt median apical angle which is strongly raised.
This is the largest Nearctic species of the subgenus and it has the most strongly raised first tergite. There are three subspecies, dis- tinguishable on color as indicated below.
Key to the subspecies of Metopius robustus
1. Wings blackish; fourth tergite black with apical 0.3 white (fig. 183,c); range:
Carolinian fauna. . . . . . le. robustus rebustus Cresson
Wings light brown; fourth (erpitis yellows black basally (figs. 183,a,b) . . . 2
2. Hind femur black, elles on apical part and extreme base; second tergite black,
yellow at apex (fig. 183,a); range: Nevada and Chileon
la. robustus concinnus Cresson
Hind femur ferruginous, yellow on apical part and extreme base; second tergite ferruginous, black at base (fig. 183,b); range: Kansas and Colorado.
lb. robustus mirandus Cresson
la. Metopius (Metopius) robustus concinnus Cresson, new status Ficure 183,a
Metopius concinnus Cresson, 1879, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, proc. p. xxvii; co. Type: o', Nevada, (Philadelphia).
Black. Face except for vertical elliptical area in center of facial shield, interantennal process, side of face, scape, pedicel, palpi, stripe next upper margin of pronotum, subtegular ridge, oval area beneath front end of subtegular ridge (often confluent with the yellow on subtegular ridge), small spot on mesopleurum next to middle coxa, spot in hind part of metapleurum, apical half of scutellum, laterobasal part of scutellum, postscutellum, spot at apex of second lateral area of propodeum, apex of coxae, more or less of upper side of hind coxa, trochanters, narrow base and broad apex of femora, tibiae, tarsi, tegula, first tergite except at base, apical 0.25 (more or less) of second
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 65
tergite, apical 0.3 to 0.6 of third tergite, fourth to seventh tergites except basally, and male genitalia, yellow; flagellum reddish brown, a little darker toward apex; front and top faces of front and middle femora light brown; wings light yellowish brown, the front half of front wing a little darker.
Specimens: 9, Inverness, Calif., May 28, 1939, E. C. Van Dyke (San Francisco). 9, Laytonville, Calif., May 30, 1955, E. I. Schlinger (Townes). 9, Sonoma Co., Calif. (Washington). o&, Gardnerville, Nev., May 28, 1939, P. C. Ting, M. A. Cazier, J. A. Downes, and T. Aitken (Townes). o (type), Nevada (Philadelphia).
lb. Metopius (Metopius) robustus mirandus Cresson, new status
FiGcurE 183,b
Metopius mirandus Cresson, 1879, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, proc. p. xxix; 9. Type: ¢, Colorado (Philadelphia). Metopius grandior Viereck, 1905, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., vol. 19, p. 314; 9 (new synonymy). Type: ?, Hamilton Co., Kans., 3,350 ft. (Lawrence). Male: Black. Face, interantennal process, side of frons, scape, pedicel, more or less of cheek, more or less of basal margin of labrum, sometimes spot on base of mandible, stripe along upper margin of pronotum, small area on subtegular ridge, apical 0.35 and laterobasal part of scutellum, postscutellum, very small spot on mesopleurum next to middle coxa, larger spot on hind part of metapleurum, spot at apex of second lateral area of propodeum, coxae except basally, trochanters, narrow base and broader apex of femora, most of outer face of hind femur, first tergite except at extreme base, narrow apex of second tergite and broader apex of third tergite, fourth to seventh tergites except basally and in laterobasal grooves, and genitalia, yellow; clypeus brownish; flagellum pale reddish brown, darker brown beyond
Ficures 39-41.—Localities, subspecies of Metopius (Metopius) robustus: 39 (left), concinnus; 40 (center), mirandus; 41 (right), robustus.
66 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
the middle; palpi yellowish fulvous; thorax rufous except where described as yellow, and black as follows: median stripe on meso- scutum (broadened anteriorly and abbreviated posteriorly), pro- pleurum laterally, posteroventral part of pronotum, prepectus except above, mesosternum except next to sternaulus, lower and hind parts of mesopleurum, front third and lateral faces of scutellum, front part of metapleurum except for an area in upper front corner, hind margin of metapleurum, and base of propodeum; tegula rufous; legs fulvous (except where described as yellow), the front and middle tibiae and tarsi largely yellowish and hind face of hind femur brownish; wings pale brown, the front half of front wing darker brown; second and third tergites rufous, basally black and apically yellow.
Female: Black. Face except for median vertical elliptical area, interantennal process, side of frons, scape, spot on subtegular ridge, apical 0.35 of scutellum, spot on laterobasal part of scutellum, postscutellum, central area of metapleurum, indistinct small spot at apex of second lateral area of propodeum, apex of coxae, upper side of hind coxa, most of middle and hind trochanters, apex and extreme base of femora, tinge at base of tibiae, first tergite except basally, small apical lateral and apical median spots on third tergite, and tergites four to six except for their basal 0.3 and basolateral area, yellow; scape and flagellum red-brown, the flagellum darker beyond the middle; palpi, upper part of pronotum, tegula, upper anterior part of mesopleurum, lateral margin of mesoscutum, a median pair of narrow stripes on hind part of mesoscutum (these are united by a cross bar in front of scutellum), lateroapical part of propodeum, base of first tergite, apical 0.7 of second tergite, and apical 0.65 of third tergite except for its apical yellow spots, rufous; legs ferruginous except where described as yellow, the hind coxa black basally behind, the hind femur black behind, and the hind tibia infuscate at apex; wings pale brown, the front half of front wing darker brown.
Specimens: 9, Denver, Colo., June 11, 1948, H., M., G., and D. Townes (Townes). @ (type of mirandus), Colorado (Philadelphia). 3o', Colorado (Washington). @ (type of grandior), Hamilton Co. at 3,350 ft., Kans., June 1902, F. H. Snow (Lawrence).
le. Metopius (Metopius) robustus robustus Cresson FicuRE 183,c¢
Metopius robustus Cresson, 1879, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, proc. p. xxvii; 9. Type: 9, Maryland (Philadelphia). Metopius harbecki Skinner, 1906, Ent. News, vol. 17, p. 150; [co] (mew synonymy). Type: o, Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. (Philadelphia). Black. Face except for median vertical elliptical area, inter- antennal process, basolateral part of frons, sometimes narrow stripe
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 67
along upper margin of pronotum, scutellum except for more or less of its median basal part, postscutellum, sometimes spot on subtegular ridge, rarely a spot on mesopleurum beneath front end of subtegular ridge, sometimes small spots on meso- and metapleura next to middle coxa, sometimes median spot or area on metapleurum, sometimes spot at apex of second lateral area of propodeum, sometimes apex of front trochanter of male, apex of middle trochanter of male, apex of middle coxa, apex and more or less of upper front part of hind coxa, hind trochanters, very small spot on apex of middle femur in front, spot at apex of hind femur in front, first tergite except at base, rarely apex of second tergite, apical 0.1 to 0.3 of third tergite, and apical 0.2 to 0.3 of fourth tergite, white; wings blackish, the front half of front wing a little darker; male genitalia pale brown.
The type of M. robustus is very extensively marked with white. A female from Sewanee, Tenn., has the white markings almost as extensive as in the type of M. robustus. ‘The rest of the specimens have less white and correspond rather closely with the type of M. harbecki.
Specimens: o’, Washington, D. C., June 24, 1948, M. Vogel (Townes). o, D. C., June 27, 1920, J. C. Bridwell (Washington). o&', Washington, D. C., September 29, F. Knab (Washington). 9, Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 3, 1942, V. Nabokov (Cambridge). 9 (type of robustus), Maryland (Philadelphia). 9, Overland, Mo., Aug. 2, 1934, B. H. Pickel (Townes). o', New Rochelle, N. Y., July 10, 1935, M. A. Cazier (New York). 9, Green Village, N. J., Dec. 2, 1930, Chas. Rummel (Washington). 9, Moorestown, N. J., June 27, 1939, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 9, Passaic Junction, N. J., Sept. 29, 1985, M. A. Cazier (New York). 9, Raleigh, N. C., early October 1917, J. E. Eckert (Washington). <o, Zaleski, Ohio, June 16, 1939, R. C. Barnes (St. Paul). o, Gladwyn, Pa., June 27, 1934, M. A. Cazier (New York). o& (type of harbecki), Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 25, 1904, H. S. Harbeck (Philadelphia). 2, Kennett Square, Pa., July 7, 1917, J. Prim (Washington). 0, Swarthmore, Pa., Aug. 28, 1905 (Philadelphia). 9, Sewanee, Tenn., Aug. 22, 1929, A. G. Richards (Ithaca). 9, “Veitch,” Virginia, June 11, 1919, L. A. Stearns (Cambridge). According to our field notes, the specimen from Moorestown, N. J., appeared in flight like a slender Monobia quadridens (Vespidae) except for having a white band at the tip of the abdomen.
This subspecies occurs in the Carolinian fauna. Adults have been collected from June 11 to early October, and there is one record for December 2.
68 U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
2. Metopius (Metopius) mimicus, new species Ficures 167,a; 183,d
Front wing 7 to 11 mm. long; punctures on facial shield rather small, of irregular size, and strong, their interspaces about 0.5 their diameters; lower tooth of mandible present as a small separated projection; punctures on mesopleurum rather small, strong, their interspaces about 0.6 their diameters; punctures on metapleurum moderately coarse, strong, subadjacent; first tergite about 0.70 as long as wide, in profile strongly rounded above, about 1.55 as long as high; third tergite about 0.90 as long as wide; seventh tergite of male and sixth tergite of female with a blunt median apical angle which is moderately raised.
Black. Face except for a median vertically elliptical area, inter- antennal process, side of frons, scape beneath, palpi, small tinge on upper margin of pronotum, spot on subtegular ridge, apical 0.2 to 0.3 and extreme basolateral corner of scutellum, postscutellum, usually apex of coxae, most of trochanters, extreme base and broader apex of femora, most of front and upper sides of fore and middle tibiae, most of hind tibia, most of apical 0.7 of first tergite, apicolateral corners of second tergite, apical 0.3 of third tergite, fourth to seventh tergites except base and basolateral grooves of fourth and fifth tergites, and male genitalia, yellow; antenna fulvous, shaded to blackish beyond basal third; median elliptical mark on facial shield black to fulvous; upper margin of pronotum, upper anterior part of mesopleurum, tegula, longitudinal stripe below sternaulus, spot on metapleurum, often a pair of longitudinal stripes or a median apical spot on mesoscutum, more or less of scutellum, spot at apex of second lateral area of propodeum, areas or tinges on first tergite, apical 0.65 to 0.75 of second tergite (except for yellow apical spots), and third tergite from basal 0.3+ to apical 0.8+, rufous; front and middle legs fulvous except where described as yellow; hind coxa apically and above largely ferruginous; hind femur ferruginous except where described as yellow, and blackish on hind side; hind tibia fulvous and yellowish, infuscate apically on hind side; hind tarsus pale brown; wings light yellowish brown, the front half of front wing darker brown.
Type: 9, near YMCA Camp, Workman Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz., May 8, 1947, H. and M. Townes (Washington, USNM 63613).
Paratypes: 40, 19, Oak Creek Canyon, Ariz., May 18, 1947, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 26, Pocket Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz., May 5, 1947, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 20, Sierra Ancha, Ariz., June 16, 1927 (Washington). 90, 49, near YMCA Camp, Workman Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz., April 28 and 30, 1947, and May 6 and 8, 1947, H. and M. Townes (Townes).
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 69
The specimens collected at Workman Creek, Sierra Ancha, Ariz., were taken between 9:00 and 11:00 a. m., flying around various shrubs and trees. The females, at least, were a little more frequent around oak, which was leafing out at that time. On the wing this Metopius looked almost exactly like a species of Humenes (Vespidae) which was also common at that time and place.
This species has been taken in the Upper Sonoran fauna of Arizona in spring.
3. Metopius (Metepius) krombeini, new species
Front wing 6 to 8 mm. long; punctures on facial shield rather small, strong, of irregular size, their interspaces about 0.5 their diameter; punctures on mesopleurum and on metapleurum coarse, very strong, subadjacent; first tergite about 0.70 as long as wide, in profile very strongly rounded above, about 1.4 as long as high; third tergite about 0.75 as long as wide; apicolateral angles of second tergite a little acute, stronger than in other Nearctic species of the subgenus; seventh ter- gite of male and sixth tergite of female with a blunt median apical angle that is strongly raised.
Ficures 42-44.—Localities, species of Metopius (Metopius): 42 (left), mimicus; 43 (center), krombeini epixanthus; 44 (right), krombeini krombeint.
This is the smallest Nearctic species of the subgenus and is further distinguished by the short abdomen, with coarse, strong punctation. There are two subspecies, as described below:
1. Apical 0.6 to 0.85 of fourth and fifth tergites yellow (fig. 183,e); range: Texas, Colorado, and Arizona. . . . 3a. krombeini epixanthus, new subspecies Apical 0.2 to 0.3 of fourth and fifth tergites yellow (fig. 183,f); range: Alle- ghenian and Carolinian faunas. . 3b. krombeini krombeini, new subspecies
70 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
3a. Metopius (Metopius) krombeini epixanthus, new subspecies Figure 183,e
Black. Face except for a small median subdorsal spot, interantennal process, side of frons, scape except above, under side of pedicel, palpi, stripe along upper margin of pronotum, subtegular ridge, vertical stripe under front end of subtegular ridge, often a small spot on mesopleurum next to middle coxa, most of metapleurum, apical 0.3 and basolateral part of scutellum, postscutellum, spot at apex of sec- ond lateral area of propodeum, front and middle legs except for base of coxae, femora except apically, under side of tibiae toward apex, under side and stripe on top front edge of hind coxa, hind trochanters, apex of hind femur, extreme base of hind tibia, first tergite except basally, apical 0.25 of second tergite, apical 0.35 to 0.8 of third tergite, apical 0.6 to 0.85 of fourth to sixth tergites, apical 0.8 of seventh tergite of male, and male genitalia, yellow; cheek and clypeus black to fulvous or yellow; antenna pale reddish brown basally, shading to dark brown apically; tegula brown; front and middle legs fulvous except where described as yellow; hind coxa and hind femur ferruginous to black except where described as yellow; hind tibia yellowish basally, shading to fuscous or brown apically; hind tarsus brown; wings tinged with brown, the front half of front wing medium brown; thorax and basal three abdominal tergites usually more or less fulvous where not described as yellow, the fulvous area of variable extent.
Type: 2, Boulder, Colo., June 28, 1933, M. and H. James (Wash- ington, USNM 63614).
Paratypes: o&, Prescott, Ariz., July 6, 1937, D. J. and J. N. Knull (Townes). 9, 6 miles north of Boulder, Colo., June 22, 1933 (Townes). 9, Eastland Co., Tex., May 10, 1921, Grace O. Wiley (St. Paul). , Leon Creek, Bexar Co., Tex., Oct. 11, 1952, B. J. Adelson (Berkeley). The specimen from Leon Creek is somewhat intermediate to the sub- species krombeint.
This subspecies has been taken in Colorado, Texas, and Arizona.
3b. Metopius (Metopius) krombeini krombeini, new subspecies FigurE 183,f
Black. Face except often for small median subdorsal spot, in- terantennal process, side of frons, sometimes cheek and lateral corner of clypeus, palpi, narrow stripe along front edge of pronotum, sub- tegular ridge, usually narrow vertical stripe below front end of sub- tegular ridge, sometimes small spot on mesopleurum near middle coxa, large area on metapleurum, apex and basolateral corner of scutellum, spot on postscutellum, spot at apex of second lateral area of propodeum, apex of front and middle coxae, front and middle
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE fai
trochanters, apex and extreme base of front and middle femora, base and dorsobasal half of front and middle tibiae, apical spot on hind coxa beneath, hind trochanters except for base of hind first trochanter, extreme base of hind femur and of hind tibia, apex of hind femur, apical 0.65 to 0.75 of first tergite, lateroapical corner of second tergite, apical 0.25-+ of third and fourth tergites, apical 0.2 of fifth tergite, apical margin of sixth tergite of male, and most of male genitalia, yellow; antenna light brown basally, shading to blackish toward middle, blackish beyond middle; front and middle legs fulvous, or their coxae and femora fulvous to blackish, except where described as yellow; hind coxa ferruginous to blackish except for its apical yellow spot; hind tibia and tarsus brown to black; wings tinged with brown, the front half of front wing medium brown.
Type: 9, Takoma Park, Md., July 11, 1942, H. and M. Townes (Washington, USNM 63615).
Paratypes: 220, 109, from Arkansas; Georgia (Tallulah Falls); Maryland (Plummers Island and Takoma Park); Michigan (Douglas Lake and Whitefish Point in Chippewa Co.); New Jersey (Moores- town, Westfield, and Westville); New York (Farmingdale, Roslyn, and Sea Cliff); Oklahoma (Chickasha); Virginia (Dunn Loring and Westmoreland State Park in Westmoreland Co.); and Wisconsin (“Cranmoor’’).
Males have been taken from June 15 to July 17 and females from June 20 to July 22, with a single female in “‘August” from Douglas Lake, Mich. This seasonal distribution indicates a single generation per year. We ourselves have collected the subspecies on 10 different dates, always among sunlit scrubby oaks. The species in flight looks like a slender Ancistrocerus or similar small eumenine wasp. One of our specimens was collected resting under a leaf of Rhus toxicodendron. A male, collected at Takoma Park, Md., on July 2, 1944, was found in woods, flying about foliage in the manner of a male Fxochus, about three meters from the ground.
This subspecies occurs among sunlit scrubby oaks in the Carolinian fauna. It is on the wing from mid-June to late July. The name is in honor of K. V. Krombein, who collected a number of the paratypes.
4. Metopius (Metopius) pulchellus Cresson
Front wing 9 to 11 mm. long; lower tooth of mandible lacking entirely; punctures on facial shield rather small, strong, and of irreg- ular size, their interspaces about 0.4 their diameters; punctures on mesopleurum coarse, very strong, subadjacent; punctation of meta- pleurum similar to that of mesopleurum but a little coarser; first tergite about 0.78 as long as wide, in profile strongly rounded above,
451582596
2 U. §. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
about 1.45 as long as high; third tergite about 0.83 as long as wide; seventh tergite of male and sixth tergite of female with a blunt median apical angle which is moderately raised.
This is a species of Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, with three subspecies differentiated by the amount of ferruginous in the ground color.
Key to the subspecies of Metopius pulchellus
1. Thorax ferruginous and yellow, range: Colorado and Wyoming. 4c. pulchellus pulchellus Cresson Thorax black and yellow, sometimes with a little ferruginous ...... 2 . Apical 0.25+ of third tergite yellow (fig. 183,g), range: Utah and Arizona. 4a. pulchellus montanus Cresson Apical 0.5+ of third tergite yellow (fig. 183,h), range: New Mexico and TG 7-104 0K ee er SR AE a a 4b. pulchellus sonora, new subspecie
bo
4a. Metopius (Metopius) pulchellus montanus Cresson, new status FicurE 183,g
Metopius montanus Cresson, 1879, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, proce p. xxviii; o'. Type: o', Colorado (Philadelphia).
Black. Face except for a large (male) or small (female) median vertical elliptical spot, interantennal process, lower lateral part of frons, front of scape, palpi, narrow stripe along upper margin of pronotum (this stripe sometimes ferruginous), subtegular ridge, usu- ally a vertical oval spot beneath front end of subtegular ridge, some- times most of tegula, sometimes small spot on mesopleurum next to middle coxa, usually a large spot on metapleurum, apex and baso- lateral corner of scutellum, postscutellum, spot at apex of second lateral area of propodeum, apex of coxae, trochanters except on under side of front and middle trochanters and base of hind first trochanter, apex and extreme base of femora, more or less of front side of fore and middle femora, upper part of front and middle tibiae, more or less of hind tibia basally, dorsally, and on front side, apical 0.7 of first tergite, lateroapical corner of second tergite, apical 0.2 of third tergite, fourth to seventh tergites except basally, and male genitalia, yellow; antenna reddish brown basally; front and middle legs blackish to fulvous except where described as yellow, beyond their femora only fulvous and yellow; hind coxa sometimes partly fulvous; hind tibia and tarsus brown except as described yellow; tegula brown, with or without a yellow spot; wings tinged with brown, the front half of front wing medium brown.
Specimens: co’, 9, near Alpine, Ariz., May 29, 1947, H. and M. Townes (Townes). <o& (type), Colorado (Philadelphia). 9, Logan Canyon, Utah, July 24, 1906 (Ithaca).
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE ie
4b. Metopius (Metopius) pulchellus sonora, new subspecies Fiaure 183,h
Black. Face except for subdorsal small spot or median vertical oval area, interantennal process, side of frons, under side of scape and pedicel, sometimes part of clypeus and mandible, palpi, narrow stripe along upper margin of pronotum, subtegular ridge, vertical oval spot spot below front end of subtegular ridge (sometimes connected with mark on subtegular ridge), longitudinal stripe on mesosternum next to sternaulus or a small spot on mesopleurum near middle coxa, most of metapleurum, apical 0.3 of scutellum and its basolateral corner, postscutellum, coxae apically, trochanters except under side of front and middle trochanters and base of hind first trochanter, apex and extreme base of femora, sometimes apical half of hind femur in front, most of front side of fore and middle femora, upper part of front and middle tibiae, base (or base, upper, and front parts of hind tibia except towards apex), basal 0.7 of first tergite, apicolateral spot on second tergite, apical 0.5+ of third tergite, fourth and following
Ficures 45-47.—Localities, subspecies of Metopius (Metopius) pulchellus: 45 (left), mon- tanus; 46 (center), sonora; 47 (right), pulchellus.
tergites except at base, and male genitalia, yellow; antenna reddish brown basally; front and middle legs fulvous except where described as yellow; hind coxa blackish basally behind, the rest ferruginous with the apex more or less yellow; hind femur blackish behind, elsewhere blackish to ferruginous except where described as yellow; hind tibia ferruginous, except where described as yellow, infuscate apically, especially on inner side; hind tarsus brown; second tergite rufous, black at base and with a lateroapical yellow spot; third tergite with a rufous tinge between its black base and yellow apex; tegula ferruginous, with or without a yellow spot; propleurum medially, and areas surrounding some of yellow markings on thorax, especially on
74. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
mesopleurum, ferruginous; wings tinged with brown, the front half of front wing medium brown.
Type: 9, Williams, Ariz., May 28, Barber and Schwarz (Washing- ton, USNM 63616).
Paratype: o, campus of University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, N. Mex., May 12, 1950, “‘C. C. H.”’ (Dreisbach).
4c. Metopius (Metopius) pulchellus pulchellus Cresson FieurE 184,a
Metopius pulchellus Cresson, 1865, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 271; @. Type: 2, Colorado (Philadelphia).
Similar to the subspecies M. pulchellus sonora except that the ground color is ferruginous rather than black. Black occurs only on the occiput (sometimes), as a median anterior spot on mesoscutum, on base of third and following tergites, and as infuscation on upper hind part of mesopleurum, in sternaulus, and in areas near the scutellum.
Specimens: 9, “Clear Creek,’’ Colo., May 22 (Washington). 9, Colorado, C. F. Baker (Townes). @ (type), Colorado (Philadelphia). 9, Wheatland, Wyo., July 14, 1937, H. T. Peters (Lawrence). a’, ‘‘on Populus,’ T. D. A. Cockerell (Washington). 9, no locality, collected by Belfrage (Washington). 29, no data (Washington).
5. Metopius (Metopius) galbaneus, new species
Ficure 184,b
Front wing 9 to 10.5 mm. long; lower tooth of mandible lacking entirely; punctures of facial shield small, sharp, and of irregular size, their interspaces about 0.5 their diameters; punctures on mesopleurum rather small, strong, their mterspaces about 0.5 their diameters; punctures on metapleurum coarse, not sharp, subconfluent with weak coarse wrinkling; first tergite about 0.77 as long as wide, in profile strongly rounded above, about 1.5 as long as high; third tergite about 0.87 as long as wide; seventh tergite of male and sixth tergite of female with a weak, blunt median apical angle which is weakly raised.
Black. Face except for median vertical elliptical area or one or two median spots, interantennal process, side of frons, usually a mark at lateral corner of clypeus, usually scape and pedicel beneath,usually side of labrum, sometimes spot at base of mandible, palpi, stripe along upper margin of pronotum, subtegular ridge, vertical oval area on mesopleurum below front end of subtegular ridge, small spot on mesopleurum near middle coxa or rarely a stripe on mesosternum next to sternaulaus, large spot on metapleurum, usually part or all of tegula, apical half of scutellum, sometimes laterobasal corner of scutellum, postscutellum, spot at apex of second lateral area of propo- deum, apical 0.2 to 0.8 of front and middle coxae, usually apical ventral
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 75
and dorsal spots on hind coxa, trochanters except for base of first hind trochanter, usually front of front femur, sometimes front of middle femur, base and broader apex of all femora, front and middle tibiae and tarsi, hind tibia except for hind face which is brown (broader apically) and usually a brown subapical mark on front face, apical 0.8 of first tergite, second and following tergites apically and laterally, and male genitalia, yellow; flagellum basally brown beneath; hind tarsus light brown, the basitarsus largely yellowish; wings tinged with brown, the front half of front wing darker. The yellow on abdominal tergites 2 to 7 includes the apical 0.2 to 0.45 and the sides (narrowly to broadly) except for the basal lateral oblique impressions, which are black. The basocentral black area on the tergites varies from a rectangular shape with somewhat concave sides (usually in males) to a U-shaped or V-shaped area, in all cases making a pattern unique among the Nearctic species of Metopius, but somewhat like that in M. errantius californicus.
A single male from Indian Flat, Mariposa Co., Calif., has the yellow markings unusually extensive, including all of the front and middle legs except for the extreme base of coxae and entire front face of hind femur.
Type: 9, 4 miles west of Quincy, Calif., June 22, 1949, A. S. Deal (Washington, USNM 63617).
Paratypes: 12, 219, from California (Arroyo Seco Camp in Mon- terey Co., Blocksburg, Carrville at 2,400 to 2,500 ft., Comanche Creek Canyon in Yolo Co., Dunsmuir, Fort Seward, Herkey Creek in the San Jacinto Mts., Indian Flat in Mariposa Co., Keen Camp in the San Jacinto Mts., Lower Lake in Lake Co., 4 miles west of Quincy, Samuel Spring in Napa Co., Sierraville, near Stanford
Ficures 48, 49.—Localities: 48 (left), Metopius (Metopius) galbaneus; 49 (right), M. (M.) vittatus.
76 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
University, Tallac at Lake Tahoe, Tanbark Flat in Mariposa Co., Weaverville, and 3 miles west of Westgard Pass in Inyo Co.) and Oregon (Kane Creek 5 miles west of Gold Hill at 2,000 ft.).
Collecting dates are from May 10 to July 4.
There are two flower records: on Astragalus 3 miles west of West- gard Pass, Inyo County, Calif.;and on Hriodictyon at Keen Camp in the San Jacinto Mts., Calif.
This species is in the Upper Sonoran fauna of California and Oregon. Adults occur in early summer.
6. Metopius (Metopius) vittatus, new species
Fiaure 184,c
Front wing 8.3 to 9 mm. long; upper edge of facial shield somewhat protuberant so that the facial shield is distinctly concave in profile (facial shield less concave or flat in other Nearctic species of the sub- genus); punctures on facial shield small, sharp, and of irregular size, their interspaces about 0.3 their diameters; lower tooth of mandible lacking entirely; punctures on mesopleurum rather small, sharp, their interspaces about 0.5 their diameter; punctures on metapleurum rather coarse, moderately sharp, their interspaces about 0.4 their diameters; first tergite about 0.70 as long as wide, in profile very strongly rounded, about 1.35 as long as high; third tergite about 0.73 as long as wide; seventh tergite of male and sixth tergite of female with a weak, blunt, median apical angle which is weakly raised.
Black. Face except for median vertical elliptical area or sometimes a small median spot, interantennal process, side of frons, scape beneath, often pedicel beneath, often part of free margin of labrum, palpi, stripe along upper margin of pronotum, usually part and some- times all of tegula, subtegular ridge, vertical elliptical to rectangular spot beneath subtegular ridge, small spot on mesopleurum near middle coxa, sometimes stripe on mesosternum next sternaulus, large area on metapleurum, apical half of scutellum and its basolateral corners, postscutellum, spot at apex of second lateral area of pro- podeum, apical 0.2 to 0.8 of front and middle coxae, apical spot on hind coxa beneath, trochanters except for hind basal part of first hind trochanter, narrow base and broad apex of femora, usually more or less of front and middle femora in front, front and middle tibiae and tarsi, hind tibia except for brown mark behind (broadened apically), all but base of first tergite, apical 0.25 to 0.75 of second and following tergites, and male genitalia, yellow; flagellum basally brown beneath; wings tinged with brown, the front half of front wing darker.
Type: 9, 10 miles west of Jacob Lake, Ariz., June 6, 1946, R. M. Bohart (Washington, USNM 63618).
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE Tif
Paratypes: 36’, Grand Canyon at 7,000 ft., Ariz., June 5, 1940, R. M. Bohart (Townes). o, 9, same data as type (Townes). 9, Osoyoos, B. C., May 28, 1938, G. S. Walley (Ottawa). ”, Lone Pine, Calif., June 14, 1937, N. W. Frazier (Berkeley). 2, 5 miles south of Meyers, Calif., July 24, 1955, J. C. Downey (Davis). #, Valyermo, Calif., Apr. 21, 1940, R. M. Bohart (Townes). , Frenchglen, Oreg., July 6, 1935, Stanley Jewett, Jr. (Townes). 9, Vernon, Utah, June 8, 1943, G. F. Knowlton and P. E. Telford (Berkeley).
This species ranges from British Columbia to northern Arizona. Adults occur in early summer.
3. Subgenus Cultrarius FicuREs 168,a,b
Cultrarius Davis, 1897, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, p. 197. Type: Metopius rileyt Marlatt; monobasic.
Facial shield escutcheon-shaped, its upper edge arcuate, its lower side usually broadly rounded and without a basal point; disc of facial shield sometimes with a longitudinal carina; interantennal process compressed and forming or surmounted by a median longitudinal ridge, continuous dorsally with a sharply compressed tubercle in middle of frons; clypeus broad, its margin almost straight, distinctly reflexed and elevated away from base of Jabrum; lower tooth of mandible entirely absent; galea and glossa often elongate (anthophi- lous); temple strongly convex; occipital carina rather distant from foramen magnum, strong above but fading out just above level of center of foramen magnum; prepectal carina, if complete above, angled strongly forward just above sternaulus almost to reach front edge of mesopleurum, then paralleling front edge of mesopleurum to near subtegular ridge; second recurrent vein with one bulla, or rarely with two; hind femur about three times as long as deep; claws on front and middle tarsi pectinate on their basal 0.3 to 0.65, or pectinate throughout; first tergite in profile low, rounded or weakly angled at the juncture of its dorsal and basodorsal faces; male clasper convex, without a lateral ridge.
All the known species of this subgenus are Nearctic.
Key to the species of the subgenus Cultrarius
1. Claws of front and middle tarsi pectinate to the apical point; galea short, not projecting; spring and early summer species. . . .. . TehneMes te 2 Claws of front and middle tarsi pectinate on their basal 0.25 to 0.7, not pectinate to the apical point; galea eaneaia (0.6 to 1.0 as long as mandible),
projecting; autumnal species. . . tides dd Saeco 2. Facial shield with a median ioastiiciaal carina; iubsoceeect eh an antero- lateral yellow spot... . FE . . 3. scapulatus, new species
Facial shield without a median ipacieeenaate carina; mesoscutum entirely black. 3
78 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
3. Hind tibia brownish ferruginous, paler basally; facial shield very broadly rounded below, without a trace of a basal point . . 1. comptus Cresson Hind tibia bright yellow, its apical 0.35 blackish; facial shield narrowly rounded and a little pointed below... . . . 2. scitulus Cresson 4. Facial shield without a median longitudinal carina a (fg. 168,b) . ft3S 25 Facial shield with a median longitudinal carina (fig. 168a)....... 8 5. Claws of front and middle tarsi pectinate on their basal 0.65; glossa not pro- truding beyond galea; hind femur about 3.2 as long as deep. 4. xanthostigma Ashmead Claws of front and middle tarsi pectinate on their basal 0.3 to 0.4; glossa protruding beyond galea; hind femur about 2.7 as long as deep. . . . 6 6. Prepectal carina complete, extending dorsally to near subtegular ridge; dorso- basal face of first abdominal tergite normal, about 0.7 to 1.0 as long as dorsal face; ovipositor about 1.4 as long as apical depth of abdomen. 5. consector, new species Prepectal carina incomplete, extending dorsally to just above sternaulus; dorsobasal face of first abdominal segment extending most of the length of the segment, the dorsal face obliterated or only about 0.3 as long as basal face (fig. 168,b); ovipositor about 1.8 to 3.5 as long as apical depth of abdomen. . . SAK cree si. od 7. Apicolateral corner of meacline eal prodnesd ee Blunt: second ter- gite black, with the apicolateral corners yellow (fig. 185,b); upper margin of pronotum with a yellow stripe; ovipositor about 1.8 as long as apical depth of abdomen .. . . .. . . 10. secundus, new species Apicolateral corner of poucollien dieanedy produced (though not so strongly as in most other species of the genus), acute; second tergite black, with the apical margin yellow; upper margin of pronotum without a yellow stripe; ovipositor about 3.5 as long as apical depth of abdomen. 11. rileyi Marlatt 8. Metapleurum almost impunctate; mesopleurum with a large yellowish spot. 9. birkmani Brues Metapleurum with coarse, scattered punctures; mesopleurum entirely black or with rather small yellow spot just below the wing. ....... 9 9. Second tergite with its apical 0.5 saith 4 uk about 1.7 as long as wide; prepectal carina weak above... . . . . . 6. rufipes Cresson Second tergite with its apicolateral corners fas (fig. 184,h); galea about 2.2 as long as wide; prepectal carina strong above. ........ 10 10. Facial shield about 1.6 as high as wide, its median carina rather indistinct; subtegular ridge son mesosternum with a yellow stripe next to ster-
mals sy: ok. ... . . 7. pectoralis, new species Facial shield atone i 3 as Cinerathen as aa its median carina strong and sharp; subtegular ridge and mesosternum entirely black . . 8. ultimatus Davis
1. Metopius (Cultrarius) comptus Cresson, new combination Fiaure 184,d
Metopius comptus Cresson, 1879, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, proc. p. xxviii; 9. Type: 2, Colorado (Philadelphia). Metopius laticinctus Cresson, 1879, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, proc. p. xxix; 9. Type: 2, Colorado (Philadelphia). Front wing 8.5 to 9.0 mm. long; facial shield about 1.1 as high as wide, without a median longitudinal carina, with coarse punctures interspersed with smaller punctures, the punctures rather close; wider
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 79
segments of flagellum about 2.2 as wide as long; galea short, broadly rounded, with moderately dense setae; glossa short, broad; second segment of maxillary palpus pyriform, a little flattened, weakly swollen in male and strongly swollen in female; mesopleurum with very coarse punctures, the interspaces about 0.7 the punctural diam- eter; metapleurum with very coarse punctures, the interspaces about 0.8 the punctural diameter; prepectal carina complete; areolet about 2.0 as wide as length of second recurrent vein; claws of front and middle tarsi pectinate throughout.
Ficure 50.—Localities for Metopius (Cultrarius) comptus.
Black, the pleura, propodeum, legs, and abdomen except apically, more or less piceous or dark ferruginous. Face except for median longitudinal area on facial shield, interantennal process, side of frons, underside of scape, labrum except mediobasally, palpi of male, broad mark along upper edge of pronotum, subtegular ridge and sometimes an adjacent part of mesopleurum below it, often a spot above middle coxa, most of metapleurum, scutellum except basally, spot at apex of area dentipara, apical part of front and middle coxa above and in front, much of hind coxa above, first trochanters except below and basally, second trochanters, extreme bases of femora, apices of front and middle femora, front and middle tibiae and tarsi, large apicolateral spot on first and second tergites (those of the second tergite often connected to form a tranverse band), apical 0.5 to 0.8 of third tergite, apical 0.3 to 0.6 of fourth tergite (extending forward a little sublat- erally), apical 0.2 to 0.3 of fifth tergite (widened laterally), apical 0.15 to 0.2 of sixth tergite (usually with a sublateral forward projec- tion), and male genitalia, yellow; female palpi more or less yellowish brown; antenna ferruginous except for yellow on under side of scape, somewhat darker above and apically; legs, especially the front and middle legs, tending towards ferruginous or brownish ferruginous where not colored yellow; wings tinged with brown.
80 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
Specimens: 9, Denver, Colo., June 11, 1948, H., M., G., and D. Townes (Townes). 9°, El Paso Co., Colo., July 7, 1921, Grace O. Wiley (St. Paul). o, 39 (including types of comptus and laticinctus), Colorado (Philadelphia). 9 Hamilton, Ga., May 16, 1936, P. W. Fattig (Washington). 9, Lula, Ga., May 30, 1937, P. W. Fattig (Washington). 6, “Clover,” S. Dak., June 18, 1929, H. C. Severin (Townes).
This species has been collected in Georgia, South Dakota, and eastern Colorado. Adults occur in late spring and early summer.
2. Metopius (Cultrarius) scitulus Cresson, new combination
Metopius scitulus Cresson, 1879, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, proc. p. xxix; o’. Type: o', Nevada (Philadelphia).
Male type: Front wing 7 mm. long; facial shield about 1.16 as high as wide, without a median carina, with coarse punctures interspersed with smaller punctures, the interspaces of the larger punctures about 0.6 their diameter; lower edge of facial shield more sharply rounded than usual for the subgenus; wider segments of flagellum about 2.1 as wide as long; galea short, broadly rounded, with moderately dense setae; glossa short (not visible in the specimen at hand); second seg- ment of maxillary palpus pyriform, a little flattened and weakly swollen; mesopleurum with very coarse punctures, the inserspaces about 1.0 the punctural diameter; metapleurum with very coarse punctures, the interspaces about 1.5 the punctural diameter; prepectal carina complete; areolet about 2.0 as wide as length of second recurrent vein; claws of front and middle tarsi pectinate throughout.
Black. Broad lateral and ventral margins of facial shield, space between facial shield and eye, interantennal process, clypeus except for a mediobasal area, second segment of maxillary palpus, scape and pedicel beneath, broad stripe on upper margin of pronotum, small spot on tegula, vertically rectangular area on mesopleurum below wing, small elongate mark on mesopleurum near middle coxa, most of meta- pleurum, scutellum except at base, small spot at apex of area dentipara, large apicolateral spot on first tergite, front and middle coxae apically and on apical half in front, apical 0.25 to 0.35 of second through sixth tergites medially and increased to apical 0.6 to 0.8 sublaterally, apical 0.3 of seventh tergite, most of under part of first through fifth abdominal segments, apical 0.2 to 0.3 of sixth and seventh sternites, and genitalia, yellow; legs beyond coxae yellow, marked with blackish as follows: hind femur except on base, apex, and in front; middle femur except on base and apex; front femur except on apex; and hind tibia on its apex, the extent of the blackish apex of hind tibia grading from the apical 0.4 below to the apical 0.12 above; palpi, except for second segment of maxillary palpus, yellowish brown; wings sub- hyaline, tinged with brown; tarsi, especially the hind tarsus, tinged
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 81
with brown apically; flagellum fulvous, shaded to fulvous brown apically. Specimen: & (type), Nevada (Philadelphia).
3. Metopius (Cultrarius) scapulatus, new species Fiaure 184,e
Male type: front wing 9 mm. long; facial shield about 1.0 as high as wide, with a median longitudinal carina; wider segments of flagel- lum about 2.6 as wide as long; second segment of maxillary palpus about 0.33 as wide as long, not distinctly flattened. Otherwise structurally similar to MZ. pectinatus.
Black, the basal half of abdomen stained with ferruginous and the legs and antenna ferruginous, the hind femur, tibia, and tarsus brownish ferruginous. Face, cheek, clypeus, frons except centrally, interantennal process, scape and pedicel except above, mouth parts except apex and margins of mandible, elongate marginal mark on mesoscutum covering front end of notaulus, broad mark on upper edge of propleurum, subtegular ridge, vertical oval mark on front of mesopleurum below subtegular ridge, small spot above middle coxa, apical 0.65 of metapleurum, tegula except apically, scutellum, baso- lateral appendage of scutellum, small spot at apex of area dentipara, front and middle coxae, trochanters, and femora, apical part of first trochanter of hind leg, front and middle tarsi and their tibiae except below, apex of hind femur in front and above, irregular apical 0.4 of first tergite, apical 0.7, 0.8, 0.5, 0.35, and 0.3 of tergites two through Six, respectively, median apical spot on seventh tergite, and gentalia, yellow; wings tinged with brown. The apical yellow bands on tergites four through six have a small median and sublateral protrusion.
Type: o', McDade, Tex., Mar. 28, 1935, J. E. Gillaspy (Washing- ton, USNM 63619).
Ficures 51, 52.—Localities: 51 (left), Metopius (Cultrarius) scapulatus; 52 (right), M. (C.)
xanthostigma.
82 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
4. Metopius (Cultrarius) xanthostigma Ashmead, new combination Figure 184,f
Metopius xanthostigma Ashmead, 1890, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 12, p. 438; &. Type: o, North Carolina (Washington).
Front wing 9.5 to 12 mm. long; facial shield about 1.33 as high as wide, without a median longitudinal carina, with coarse punctures separated by about 1.3 their diameter and smaller punctures on the interspaces; wider segments of flagellum about 2.0 as wide as long; galea somewhat elongate, with moderately dense setae; glossa short; second segment of maxillary palpus moderately swollen, a little flattened, in male about 4 times as long as wide, in female about 3 times as long as wide; punctures on mesopleurum and metapleurum coarse, those on mesopleurum separated by about 0.7 their diameter, those on metapleurum separated by about their diameter; prepectal carina extending a little above sternaulus; areolet about 2.1 as wide as length of second intercubital vein; claws of front and middle tarsi pectinate on their basal 0.65.
Black. Face except for a median vertical area in female and some- times in male, sometimes part of cheek in male, side of frons, in- terantennal process, labrum of male, sides of labrum of female, second segment of maxillary palpus, spot on under side of scape and often of pedicel, wide mark along upper margin of pronotum, broad mark over subtegular ridge and connected with vertical mark on upper front part of mesopleurum, apical 0.7+ of scutellum, small mark on baso- lateral carina of scutellum, small spot above middle coxa, most of metapleurum, small spot at apex of area dentipara, apex of fore and middle coxae above and in front, usually dorsal and anterior apical marks on hind coxa, apical part of first trochanters, second trochanter of hind leg, apex of front and middle femora (on the front of front femur extending basad), front and middle tibiae except for brownish stripe beneath, front and middle tarsi, apex of hind femur, basal 0.4, apex, and upper side of male hind tibia, basal 0.3 and sometimes narrow apex of female hind tibia, hind tarsi more or less, apical 0.33, 0.3, 0.25, 0.2, 0.18, and 0.18 of tergites one through six, respectively, and male genitalia, yellow; palpi and hind tibia brown (where not yellow); wings strongly tinged with brown.
Specimens: o, 29, Takoma Park, Md., Sept. 29, 1945, Oct. 17, 1942, and Oct. 25, 1944, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 9, Yellow Medicine Co., Minn., Sept. 15, 1938, C. E. Mickel (St. Paul). o, Blowing Rock at 4,000 ft., N. C., Sept. 14, 1921, J. C. Bradley (Ithaca). 9, Raleigh, N. C., Oct. 2, 1911 (Washington). & (type), North Caro- lina (Washington). <, Valley City, N. Dak., Aug. 28, 1917, P. W. Fattig (Washington). 30,49, Cedar Mountain, N. C., Oct. 4, 1941, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 692, Greenville, S. C., Oct. 9 and 10,
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 83
1941, H. and M. Townes (Townes). 9, Charlottesville, Va., Oct. 25, 1941, H. Townes (Townes). 9, Falls Church, Va., October 11, N. Banks (Cambridge). 207, 19, Glencarlyn, Va., October 4, N. Banks (Cambridge). 9, University of Richmond, Va., Oct. 25, 1936, C. C. Waiton (Washington).
Our collections have always been in overgrown fields, pastures, or meadows, usually in dry fields containing broomsedge (Andropogon) and scattered young pine trees, in mid-fall. The specimens were flying among the tips of the broomsedge, about two feet from the ground.
This species is in the Carolinian fauna. Adults occur in fall and seem to be found only in overgrown fields.
5. Metopius (Cultrarius) consector, new species Figure 184,¢
Front wing 8 to 9 mm. long; facial shield about 1.3 as high as wide, without a median carina, with coarse punctures of variable size, their spacing varying from adjacent to a separation of 0.33 the punctural diameter; wider segments of flagellum about 2.2 as wide as long; galea and glossa as in M. ultimatus; second segment of maxillary palpus of male very little enlarged, about 6.0 as long as wide; second segment of maxillary palpus of female pyriform and a little flattened and asymmetric, about 1.8 as long as wide; punctures on mesopleurum and metapleurum coarse, their interspaces about 0.6 the punctural diameter on mesopleurum and about 1.0 the punctural diameter on metapleurum; prepectal carina complete; claws of front and middle tarsi pectinate on their basal 0.3 to 0.4.
Black, the front and middle legs light brown to ferruginous, the hind leg dark brown. Face except for a medium vertical stripe from near dorsal edge of facial shield to clypeus, interantennal process, side of frons, under side of scape, second segment of maxillary palpus, stripe along upper margin of pronotum, apical 0.5 of scutellum (but usually with a narrow median black line), postscutellum, large spot on metapleurum, moderate sized spot at apex of second lateral area of propodeum, usually apices of coxae, longitudinal mark on upper side of hind coxa, most of trochanters (the rest of trochanters brown- ish), apices of femora, basal 0.1-+ of tibiae, apical 0.7 of first tergite, often apicolateral corners of second tergite, often a small median spot on second tergite, apical 0.33 of third tergite, apical 0.25 of fourth tergite, apical 0.2+ of fifth tergite, sometimes apical 0.18-+ of sixth tergite, and apical part of male genitalia, yellow; antenna brown, darker above; front and middle femora fulvous to dark brown; front and middle tibiae and tarsi fulvous, the tibiae sometimes brownish below; hind leg dark brown; wings dark brown, the stigma light brown.
84. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 216
ae Be one
Ficures 53, 54.—Localities: 53 (left), Metopius (Cultrartus) consector; 54 (right), M. (C.) rupipes.
Type: o, Columbia, Mo., Sept. 27, 1938, W.S. Craig (Washington USNM 63620).
Paratypes: o’, “at sugar,” Fort Collins, Colo., Sept 26, 1894, C. F. Baker (Washington) 9, Riley Co., Kans., Marlatt (Washington). 3, ‘Reno, western Kans., Oct. 4, Lautz’’ (Cambridge). o, Olmsted Co., Minn., C. N. Ainslie (Townes). 92, West Point, Nebr., Septem- ber 1887 (Philadelphia). o, Nebraska (Washington). 9, Martin, S. Dak., Sept. 15, 1931, H. C. Severin (Townes). 9, Glencarlyn, Va., Oct. 4, N. Banks (Cambridge).
This species ranges from the Atlantic to Colorado, in the upper Austral zone. Adults occur in fall.
6. Metopius (Cultrarius) rufipes Cresson, new combination
Metopius rufipes Cresson, 1865, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 270;9. Type: @, Colorado (Philadelphia).
Female: Front wing 8.5 to 10.3 mm. long; facial shield about 1.2 as high as wide, with a strong median longitudinal carina, with coarse punctures and scattered smaller punctures on the interspaces, the in- terspaces about 0.6 the diameter of coarse punctures; wider segments of flagellum about 3.0 as wide as long; galea elongate, not as long as in M. ultimatus and many other species of Cultrarius but longer than in M. zanthostigma, projecting about 0.7 as long as mandible, with rather few setae, these denser apically and along the edges; glossa long, projecting beyond galea but a little shorter and stouter than in M. ultimatus and many other species of the subgenus Cultrarwus; second segment of maxillary palpus swollen, a little flattened, about 2.0 as long as wide; punctures on mesopleurum and metapleurum coarse, those on mesopleurum separated by about 0.7 their diameter, those on metapleurum separated by about 1.5 their diameter; prepectal
ICHNEUMON-FLIES OF AMERICA: 1. METOPIINAE 85
carina weak above sternaulus, extending halfway dorsad from ster- naulus to subtegular ridge; scutellum a little wider and flatter than in M. ultimatus; claws of front and middle tarsi pectinate on their basal 0.65-++ ; abdomen basally unusually broad.
Black, the legs and basal 2 or 3 abdominal segments brownish fer- ruginous. Face around margins of its shield, interantennal process, side of frons, palpi, wide stripe along upper edge of pronotum, trans- versely rectangular spot on mesopleurum below wing, scutellum ex- cept its basal trough, most of metapleurum, small spot at apex of second lateral area of propodeum, tinge on upper edge of front and middle tibiae, and apical 0.7, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.25, and 0.2 of abdominal tergites one through six, respectively, yellow; antenna brownish fulvous, the scape and pedicel brown above and flagellum increas- ingly shaded with brown apically; galea and most of mandible brown; wings tinged with brown, the apical 0.25 of front wing distinctly paler and the stigma yellowish.
Specimens: @ (type), Colorado (Philadelphia). 9, West Point, Nebr., September 1887 (Philadelphia).
7. Metopius (Cultrarius) pectoralis, new species
Male type: Front wing 8 mm. long; facial shield 1.58 as high as wide, with a weak median longitudinal carina, with very coarse some- what confluent punctures; wider segments of flagellum about 2.1 as wide as long; galea elongate, projecting,